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Problem Set II

The document contains a problem set focused on linear transformations and vector spaces, including proofs and examples related to properties of linear operators, matrix operations, and polynomial functions. It covers topics such as the linearity of transformations, the relationship between range and null space, invertibility of transformations, and the concept of dual spaces. Each problem requires a demonstration of understanding key concepts in linear algebra and their implications.

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3 views1 page

Problem Set II

The document contains a problem set focused on linear transformations and vector spaces, including proofs and examples related to properties of linear operators, matrix operations, and polynomial functions. It covers topics such as the linearity of transformations, the relationship between range and null space, invertibility of transformations, and the concept of dual spaces. Each problem requires a demonstration of understanding key concepts in linear algebra and their implications.

Uploaded by

pr1493706
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Problem Set II

1. Let V be the vector space of all n × n matrices over the field F , and let B be a fixed n × n matrix. If
T (A) = AB − BA
verify that T is a linear transformation from V into V .
2. Let V be an n−dimensional vector spae over the field F and let T be a linear transformation from V into V such that
the range and null space of T are identical. Prove that n is even. Give an example of such a linear transformation.
3. Let V be a vector space and T be a linear transformation form V into V . Prove that the following two statements
about T are equivalent.
(a) The intersection of the range of T and the null space of T is the zero subspace of V .
(b) If T (T (α)) = 0, then T (α) = 0.
4. Let T be a linear transformation from R3 into R2 , and let U be a linear transformation from R2 into R3 . Prove that
the transformation U T is not invertible. Generalize the theorem.
5. Let T be a linear operator on a finite dimensional vector space V . Suppose there is a linear operator U on V such that
T U = I. Prove that T is invertible and T −1 = U . Give an example which shows that this is false when V is not finite
dimensional.
6. Let T be a linear operator on F n , let A be the matrix of T in the standard ordered basis for F n , and let W be the
subspace of F n spanned by the column vectors of A. What does W have to do with T ?
7. Let V be an n−dimensional vector space over the field F, and let B = {α1 , . . . , αn } be an ordered basis of V.
(a) Define a linear operator T on V as
T (αj ) = αj+1 , j = 1, . . . , n − 1, T (αn ) = 0.
What is the matrix A of T in the ordered basis B.
(b) Prove that T n = 0 but T n−1 ̸= 0.
(c) Let S be any linear operator on V such that S n = 0 but S n−1 ̸= 0. Prove that there is an ordered basis B ′ for V
such trhat the matrix of S in the ordered basis B ′ is the matrix A of part (a).
(d) Prove that if M and N are n × n matrices over F such that M n = N n = 0 but M n−1 ̸= 0 ̸= N n−1 , then M and
N are similar.
8. If A and B are n × n matrices over the field F , show that trace(AB) = trace(BA). Next show that similar matrices
have the same trace.
9. Let V be the vector space of all polynomial functions p from R into R which have degree 2 or less:
p(x) = c0 + c1 x + c2 x2 .
Define three linear functionals on V by
Z 1 Z 2 Z −1
f1 (p) = p(x)dx, f1 (p) = p(x)dx, f1 (p) = p(x)dx.
0 0 0

Show that {f1 , f2 , f3 } is a basis for V ∗ by exhibiting the basis for V of which it is the dual.
10. Let V be the vector space of all polynomial functions over R, Let a and b be fixed real numbers and let f be the linear
functional on V defined as Z b
f (p) = p(x)dx
a
If D is the differentiation operator on V , what is Dt f ?

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