SAMPLE WRITING PREDICTION VOL 2 - 2025

Test 1
Task 1: The line graph shows the total exports of clothing in 4 countries in 2000
and 2014. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main
features and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words

The line graph depicts the clothing export volumes from four different global regions between
2000 and 2014.

Overall, China experienced the most significant growth in exports during this period, while the
other regions did not reach the same export levels as China from 2008 to 2014.

In terms of China, it started the period as one of the least significant exporters, contributing less
than 15% in 2000. However, by 2008, it surpassed the European Union and eventually peaked at
approximately 36% in 2014. The European Union, which had been the leading exporter until
2008, accounted for about 33% at the beginning of the period. Despite its initial dominance, its
export share declined steadily, reaching nearly 21% by 2014.

The USA showed the smallest export volumes, with its share dropping from around 11% to just
under 6% throughout the period. On the other hand, Asia started with a strong presence,
exporting around 30%. However, it saw a sharp decrease of nearly 13%, leaving it with the
second smallest export volume by the end of 2014.

Task 2: It is not necessary to travel to other places to learn the culture of other
people. We can learn just as much from books, films and the internet.

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Do you agree or disagree?

Some argue that traveling is unnecessary to learn about other cultures, as information can be
accessed through books, documentaries, and the internet. However, this essay will contend that
firsthand experiences gained through travel are essential for obtaining a complete understanding
of diverse cultures.

Firstly, traveling allows individuals to build personal connections with people from different
cultures. Interacting directly with locals offers a unique perspective on their values, customs, and
everyday lives, something that cannot be fully conveyed through other media. By participating in
cultural activities—such as attending festivals, tasting traditional foods, or engaging in local
crafts—travelers gain a more genuine understanding of the culture. For example, while learning
about Japan’s traditional tea ceremony through books or documentaries is informative,
experiencing it firsthand with a local host provides a much richer understanding. Travelers can
feel the warmth and hospitality of their host, witness the attention to detail, and appreciate the
ceremony's subtleties in a way that written or visual media cannot replicate.

Secondly, traveling challenges stereotypes and preconceived ideas about different cultures.
Direct exposure to various ways of life encourages individuals to reconsider their assumptions,
fostering open-mindedness and a clearer understanding of cultural differences. For instance,
many people from the West may hold misconceptions about Middle Eastern or African cultures,
but these can be dispelled through personal encounters and interactions. Thus, travel serves as a
powerful tool in breaking down myths and enhancing cultural awareness.

In conclusion, although it’s true that information about other cultures can be accessed without
traveling, I firmly believe that firsthand experiences through travel are indispensable for
developing a complete understanding of diverse cultures.

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Test 2
Task 1: The diagram illustrates how recycled paper is made. Summarize the
information by describing the main features of the charts and making
comparisons where appropriate

The diagram illustrates the cyclical process of producing and recycling paper.

Overall, the process encompasses two primary phases: the initial production of paper
from trees and the recycling of used paper. These phases are interconnected, with
recycled pulp being reintroduced into the production cycle, forming a sustainable loop

The process commences with the felling of pine trees. Once felled, the trees are stripped
of their bark using a drum machine, which separates the bark from the wood. The
debarked wood is then fed into a chipper, producing fine wood chippings. These
chippings are subsequently pumped into a pulp pressing tank, where they are compressed
into pulp. Following this, the pulp undergoes refinement in a refiner, enhancing its
quality. Then, the refined pulp is rolled into large sheets of paper, completing the initial
production phase. After production, the paper is utilized for printing newspapers.

Once these newspapers are discarded, they are collected for recycling. The recycling
process begins with the removal of ink, achieved in a specialized container where the ink
is separated and evaporates. The ink-free paper is then processed in a pulping vat,

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transforming it into recycled pulp. This pulp can be fed back into the production cycle,
starting from the refining stage, thus perpetuating the cycle of paper production and
recycling.

Task 2: Some people think technology development decreases crime, while others
believe it actually encourages crime. Discuss both these views and give your own
opinion.

While some argue that technological advancements contribute to an increase in criminal

activities, others believe they actually reduce crime. Personally, I align with the latter view, as I
believe technological progress has had a positive impact on combating crime worldwide.

On the one hand, advancements in technology have given rise to new forms of crime,
particularly cybercrime. With most transactions taking place online today, criminals can hack
into accounts and alter transactions, redirecting funds to their own accounts instead of the
intended recipient. A less severe form of cybercrime is information theft, where personal data is
stolen and sold, sometimes to legitimate companies for marketing purposes or, in worse cases, to
criminals for fraudulent activities. For example, in Vietnam, a number of middle-aged women
were swindled out of millions of dollars by fraudsters posing as their children or relatives online.

On the other hand, technological advancements have also played a significant role in solving
crimes more efficiently and preventing criminal activities. Modern high-tech tools and software
can help law enforcement detect criminals quickly and accurately. For example, a 35-year-old
cold case in Texas was recently solved through DNA technology. Despite the lack of physical
evidence in the 1986 murder, advances in forensic science provided the crucial evidence needed
to solve the case. Furthermore, technology can prevent crimes from occurring in the first place.
For instance, released prisoners are often required to wear GPS tracking devices, which has led
many to abandon plans to reoffend, knowing they can be easily tracked and sent back to prison if
they do.

In conclusion, although there are valid arguments that technological advancements can facilitate
crime, I believe that, in practice, they have been instrumental in preventing and solving criminal
activities

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Test 3
Task 1: The diagram illustrates how recycled paper is made. Summarize the
information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.

The diagram details the process of producing recycled paper.

Overall, the process comprises four primary stages, commencing with a pulping phase, followed
by filtration and cleansing stages, and culminating with the final recycled paper being rolled.

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In the pulping and filtration stages, boxes of used paper are placed on a conveyor belt and
transported to a tank containing water and chemicals. Here, the paper is broken down into pulp
for further processing. The pulp is then moved to a perforated container, where impurities are
removed, before being poured into another container.

In the cleaning and papermaking stages, the pulp is placed into a large flotation tank filled with
water and soap. Air is introduced into the tank to help remove ink, thereby improving the pulp’s
purity and whiteness. Once the pulp is de-inked, it is transferred to another tank with water and
chemicals for a final cleaning. The pulp then passes through heated rollers, where water is
extracted. In the final step, the pulp is rolled into long rolls of recycled paper.

Task 2: In many parts of the world, some famous people are considered as role
models, and they are having an increasing influence on the young. Is this a
positive or negative development?

In today’s world, public figures increasingly influence young people, who often look up to them
as role models. I believe this trend is largely positive, as famous individuals can inspire the
younger generation to be more persistent and generous, although there is a risk of encouraging
anti-social behavior.

The main reason I support the influence of public figures on young people is the inspiration they
provide. Many well-known figures in fields like science and business share their stories of
struggle and perseverance, motivating young people to follow their dreams. For example, the
story of Elon Musk, who faced numerous setbacks and failures before building his multi-billion-
dollar business empire, has inspired young entrepreneurs around the world to push through
challenges in pursuit of future success.

Another reason I see value in the influence of celebrities on young people is their ability to set
positive examples by supporting others. Recently, many celebrities have been highlighted for
their contributions to social events and charities. Their involvement not only helps those in need
but also fosters compassion and unity among their fans, encouraging them to be more generous
and supportive.

However, I recognize that some celebrities may promote negative behaviors among their young
followers. Some public figures, particularly those who gain fame on social media, engage in
disruptive actions to attract attention. For instance, certain TikTok influencers have posted
videos of harmful pranks or property destruction to gain recognition. This could lead to these
behaviors becoming more widespread and normalized.

In conclusion, I believe the influence of famous individuals on young people is mostly

beneficial, as they can inspire perseverance and generosity. However, there are also risks when
celebrities set negative examples. Therefore, it is important for governments to regulate the
actions of public figures more closely across platforms to mitigate any harmful effects.

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Test 4
Task 1: The table and charts below give information about doctors in Australia
between 1986 and 2006. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting
the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

The table presents data on the number of medical professionals in Australia during three ten-year
periods: 1986, 1996, and 2006. The accompanying bar charts compare the gender and birthplace
distribution of doctors in each period.

Overall, Australia saw an increase in the number of doctors throughout the study period, with the
most notable growth occurring in 2006. The bar charts also reveal that males consistently
outnumbered females in the medical profession during all three periods. Additionally, while

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Australian-born doctors significantly outnumbered those born abroad in the earlier years, the
figures became equal in the 2006 period.

In detail, the total number of doctors in Australia was 23,720 in 1986. This number grew by
nearly 6,000 every decade, reaching 29,060 in 1996 and 35,450 in 2006.

Regarding gender distribution, the percentage of male doctors was three times higher than that of
female doctors in 1986, standing at 75% for men and 25% for women. Over the years, however,
the gap narrowed, with male doctors decreasing to 60% and female doctors increasing to 39% by
2006. Similarly, in terms of birthplace, in 1986 and 1996, more than half of doctors in Australia
were Australian-born, while the rest were foreign-born. However, by 2006, the proportion of
Australian-born and foreign-born doctors became equal, each making up 50% of the total.

Task 2: Children learn more from playing freely after school than doing more
organised after school activities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

The debate on whether children benefit more from free play or organized after-school activities
has been widely discussed. I disagree with the idea that free play is more beneficial for children;
rather, I believe that participation in organized activities offers more valuable opportunities for
growth. While independent play can encourage creativity and imagination, it may present
challenges for some children.

One key reason for my disagreement is the role of discipline, which is difficult to cultivate
through free play alone. In organized after-school programs, teachers guide children through
various exercises and collaborative activities. This structured environment helps children learn
teamwork. For instance, group activities enable children to share their opinions and collaborate
on different topics and problems with their peers. Therefore, teacher-led programs play a vital
role in a child’s development.

Another reason supporting my view is skill development. Organized activities like music lessons,
language classes, and sports focus on teaching specific skills. These programs help children
improve academically and athletically. For example, instructors provide constructive feedback
and encouragement, helping students overcome challenges. Thus, engaging in skill-building
activities offers more valuable learning opportunities than free play.

In contrast, free play allows children to explore different sports, hobbies, or activities
independently, which can stimulate their creativity and imagination. For example, when building
something from sand, children need to plan and problem-solve. These activities help develop
critical thinking and problem-solving skills while also serving as a recreational outlet. However,
despite these advantages, younger children may struggle on their own. In such cases, they can
join group projects to receive assistance from others.

In conclusion, while free play enhances imagination, it may be challenging for some children. I
believe that extracurricular activities offer more significant benefits, particularly in fostering
discipline and teamwork skills.

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Test 5
Task 1: The bar chart shows average years individuals in different age groups
(25-35,35-45) can stay in one job in Europe and the USA between 1985 and 2005.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and
make comparisons where relevant.

The bar chart compares the average duration individuals in two age groups (25-35 and 35-45)
spent in a single job across Europe and the USA from 1985 to 2005, with the data presented in
years.

Overall, the results show that Europe had longer job tenures compared to the USA, with the latter
showing only a slight difference. Notably, 1986 stands out, as workers in both regions tended to
stay in their jobs for longer periods.

In 1985, employees aged 25-30 in Europe held a job for an average of five years, which
decreased to four years by 2005. In the United States, this age group initially had an average job
tenure of four years, which then slightly declined to three years by 2005.

For the 35-45 age group, Europe had an impressive average job tenure of seven years in 1985,
which dropped to six years by 2005. The United States experienced a similar decline, starting
with an average of six years in 1985 and ending with five years in 2005.

Task 2: In many countries, too much money is spent by governments and

individuals for national days such as New Year and religious festivals. To what
extent you agree or disagree?

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There is a viewpoint that the government and citizens allocate a significant amount of money to
national holidays and religious festivals. While this trend might appear unreasonable due to
economic strain, I agree with it, as such holidays hold great importance for a country.

On the one hand, spending excessive amounts on various special days, such as festivals and
national holidays, can be seen as a negative trend for several reasons. Large celebrations often
involve fireworks displays and public events, which, while entertaining, can place a financial
burden on the economy and have negative environmental effects. The money spent on these
events could instead be directed towards more critical services like healthcare, education, and
infrastructure, especially for those in need, thus improving overall living conditions. In terms of
environmental impacts, large-scale events often result in excessive consumption and significant
waste production, with single-use plastics being a major contributor. Over time, this
accumulation leads to pollution and health problems. Furthermore, fireworks contribute to noise
pollution, which can disrupt sleep and affect people’s well-being. As such, large-scale
celebrations may not always be the best choice.

On the other hand, I view this practice as essential for preserving cultural significance and
identity. National holidays and religious festivals are often deeply connected to a country’s
culture and history. These events play a vital role in reinforcing cultural identity and preserving
traditions. For example, in Uzbekistan, there is a national holiday called Navruz, which is widely
celebrated across the country. People wear traditional costumes, prepare national dishes like
"sumalak," and engage in interactive activities like kite flying. This holiday helps people learn
more about their cultural traditions and beliefs. Additionally, these celebrations can benefit the
tourism industry. Unique and widely celebrated events can attract tourists, drawing attention to a
country's distinctive features. As visitors experience these cultural practices, they also gain a
deeper understanding of local traditions, further enhancing the country’s global profile.

In conclusion, while some might view spending on national and religious holidays as a waste, I
support this practice because these events help preserve cultural identity and traditions, and can
also boost the tourism industry.

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Test 6
Task 1: The charts below give information about the purposes of travel for
passengers using four different UK airports in 2016. Summarize the information
by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.

The pie charts illustrate the purposes of travel for passengers using four different UK airports in
2016.

Overall, visiting friends and family accounted for the largest share of travelers at three out of the
four airports, while holidays contributed the highest proportion at only Gatwick airport. Business
and other reasons were never the leading causes for travel at any of the airports.

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At Heathrow, Stansted, and Luton airports, the highest percentage of travelers, ranging from
37% to 50%, were visiting friends and family. The holiday category came second at these
airports, averaging 34%. In contrast, the proportion of travelers for business purposes was nearly
half that of the holiday category, except at Heathrow, where business travel accounted for 26%.
Other reasons for travel made up the smallest share in all cases.

In contrast, at Gatwick airport, holidays were the most significant reason for travel, making up
54% of passengers. Visiting friends and family was the second most common reason, at 24%.
Business travel ranked third with 14%, while other reasons accounted for just 2%.

Task 2: Nowadays some consumers are less influenced by advertising than in the
past. What are the reasons? Is it a positive or negative development?

In recent years, studies have shown that advertisements are becoming less effective in
influencing some consumers compared to the past. This essay will examine the reasons behind
this shift and argue that it represents a positive development.

Several factors contribute to the decreasing influence of advertisements on consumers, including

increased consumer awareness and the effects of economic downturns. Regarding awareness,
many campaigns and educational programs have increased public knowledge about the
persuasive tactics used in advertising. For example, consumers are now more aware of strategies
like celebrity endorsements and exaggerated promotional claims. This awareness has made them
more critical and discerning in their purchasing decisions, reducing the impact of advertisements.
Additionally, recent economic downturns have led to tighter household budgets, prompting
people to prioritize essential needs over non-essential purchases. Consequently, consumers are
less influenced by advertisements and more focused on necessities rather than desires.

From my perspective, the diminished influence of advertising is beneficial for individuals and
society as a whole. While businesses may experience lower sales due to less effective
advertising, this could encourage innovation and improvements in product quality. Companies
might shift resources toward research and development to meet consumers' real needs rather than
relying on persuasive marketing techniques. Furthermore, this trend could lead to more
thoughtful consumer behavior, where people purchase only what they truly need, saving money
and reducing financial stress. Environmentally, reduced consumerism leads to less waste
generation, as fewer unnecessary products are bought and discarded. This contributes to a more
sustainable lifestyle and reduces the environmental impact associated with mass production and
disposal.

In conclusion, heightened consumer awareness and economic challenges are key reasons why
advertisements are losing their effectiveness. I believe this trend is a positive development as it
encourages responsible consumer behavior, supports environmental sustainability, and pushes
businesses to focus on quality rather than relying on marketing tactics.

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Test 7
Task 1: The two maps below show the changes of a small park from 1980 to the
present day. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main
features and make comparisons where relevant.

The maps illustrate the transformations made to a park from 1980 to the present.

Overall, the park has undergone modernization, with the introduction of new amenities, such as a
playground, a barbecue area, and bushes, while some original features like the pond and benches
have been preserved.

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In 1980, the park featured a pond at the center, surrounded by benches for visitors to relax and
enjoy the view. There was also a flower bed in the southeast corner, and a group of trees was
located in the northeastern section. The park was enclosed by a gate, but there were no paths or
recreational facilities at that time.

Currently, several changes have been implemented to enhance the park’s functionality. The
flower bed has been replaced with bushes, and a playground has been added in the southeastern
area. Additionally, the northeastern section now features a barbecue area with chairs and tables,
replacing the former group of trees. The pond and benches, however, remain in place,
maintaining continuity with the park’s original design.

New pathways have also been introduced, improving accessibility and connecting different
sections of the park. These modifications have transformed the park into a more versatile and
family-friendly space, catering to both relaxation and recreational activities.

Task 2: We can learn everything about the past from the drama in films and on
television. Therefore, we no longer need to read historical books. To what extend
do you agree or disagree about this statement?

It has become increasingly common for people to learn about history through films and
television dramas. While this trend offers clear benefits by making historical knowledge more
accessible and engaging, I believe it presents more serious issues related to accuracy and depth
of understanding.

One of the main advantages of using films and dramas for learning history is that they offer a
convenient and enjoyable way to engage with historical events. In today’s fast-paced world,
where people often have busy schedules filled with work and academic commitments, films and
dramas provide a fun alternative to reading lengthy historical books. These visual mediums not
only make history more engaging but also help viewers retain information more effectively.
Additionally, the leisure time spent watching such content can be revitalizing, potentially
improving people’s energy levels and productivity in both their academic and professional lives,
leading to long-term success.

However, there are significant drawbacks when it comes to learning history via films. One major
issue is that movies and dramas often present inaccurate information. Filmmakers sometimes
exaggerate historical events or alter timelines to make their content more entertaining, which can
mislead viewers. This is particularly problematic for students who rely solely on films for
historical knowledge, as it can distort their understanding and affect their academic performance.
For instance, the movie Napoleon, which depicts the life of Napoleon Bonaparte, includes
numerous historical inaccuracies, such as incorrect clothing styles and fictional battles, which
can confuse audiences about the real events.

In conclusion, while learning history through films offers benefits in terms of accessibility and
entertainment, I believe that relying on accurate sources, such as academic books and historical
records, remains essential for gaining a thorough and accurate understanding of the past.

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Test 8
Task 1: The line graph shows the percentage of money spent on advertising, five
types of media (TV, Newspaper, Magazine, Radio, Internet). Summarize the
information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.

The line graph compares expenditures on advertising across five types of media—TV,
newspapers, magazines, radio, and the internet—between 2010 and 2040.

Overall, while spending on TV advertising showed a downward trend with some fluctuations,
spending on internet advertising saw a significant rise. In contrast, expenditures on newspapers,
magazines, and radio advertising steadily declined.

In detail, TV advertising initially accounted for 50% of the total expenditure in 2010, reaching a
peak of 60% a decade later. However, this share is expected to decrease to 40% by 2030,
remaining stable in the following decade. On the other hand, internet advertising saw a gradual
increase, starting at 10% in 2010 and rising to 25% by 2020, with projections suggesting it will
account for 65% of total advertising expenditure by 2040.

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In terms of traditional media, radio advertising began at 45% in 2010, while both magazines and
newspapers each accounted for roughly 35%. By 2020, radio spending had decreased slightly to
40%, and both newspapers and magazines saw a small drop to around 30%. These trends are
expected to continue, with radio spending declining further to 30%, and newspaper and
magazine expenditures falling to 20% and 30%, respectively, by 2040.

Task 2: In some societies, sports and entertainment figures are more valued than
professionals such as doctors and teachers. Why is this the case, and do you
consider it a positive or negative trend?

It is widely acknowledged that, in certain societies, sports and entertainment figures are valued
more highly than professionals such as doctors and teachers. This trend has gained significant
momentum in recent decades. However, I believe it represents a shift in priorities that overlooks
the true value of educators and medical professionals. While sports and entertainment celebrities
offer excitement and entertainment, I consider their elevated status to be a negative development,
as it undermines the critical roles that teachers and doctors play in society.

One primary reason why sports and entertainment figures often overshadow professionals in
fields like education and healthcare is the powerful influence of media and social platforms. In
today's world, celebrities are frequently placed on pedestals and receive constant media
coverage, which amplifies their fame. In contrast, the work of teachers and doctors, though
equally essential, often goes unnoticed because it is neither as glamorous nor as publicized. This
creates a disproportionate sense of value, where individuals whose work directly impacts
people’s lives in fundamental ways are overshadowed by those whose contributions are primarily
for entertainment.

Moreover, the rising prominence of athletes and entertainers can have negative consequences for
essential professions. As these figures earn massive salaries and enjoy widespread admiration,
many young people may be more inclined to pursue careers in sports or entertainment rather than
teaching or medicine. This shift in career aspirations could exacerbate the shortage of qualified
professionals in crucial fields, which would have a detrimental impact on society's well-being.
Fewer doctors and educators could lead to a decline in overall health and education standards,
ultimately affecting the future of communities.

In conclusion, while it is understandable that sports and entertainment figures capture the
public's attention, I firmly believe that the societal preference for them over professionals like
teachers and doctors is misguided. These professions form the foundation of a healthy, educated
society, and their value should not be overshadowed by the allure of celebrity status.

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Test 9
Task 1: The diagram shows pre-school classrooms in 2010 and the same
classroom at present. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the
main features and make comparisons where relevant.

The illustrations depict the changes that have occurred in a classroom since 2010.

Overall, it is clear that the number of play areas and shelves has decreased, and the teacher's
room has been entirely removed.

In the original layout, there were designated areas in each corner, except for the southeast corner.
The teacher's room was centrally located, featuring three tables and chairs. Additionally, in the
northwest corner, there was a shelf near the windows and a designated area for another activity.
On the right side of the classroom, there was a whiteboard, an art area, and both an adult and a
child’s sink.

In the present day, the teacher's room and one play area in the southwestern corner have been
removed. However, the other two play areas remain. There is now only one set of tables and
chairs in the center of the room, with the other two sets relocated: one near the windows, and the
other in the southwest corner. The whiteboard, art area, two sinks, and windows remain
unchanged.

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Task 2: Some people say that the most important requirement of a modern city is
an effective public transport system, while others believe that there are other
important requirements for a city. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Ensuring the modernity of cities often requires various improvements. Some people believe that
an efficient transportation system is the most crucial aspect, while others argue that factors such
as healthcare and education are equally important. In my opinion, while improving public
transport is essential, other aspects also require attention to ensure a well-rounded, developed
city.

On the one hand, having a well-functioning transportation system is one of the most important
features of modern cities. If commuting to various destinations—such as workplaces, educational
institutions, or entertainment centers—is smooth and efficient, it contributes to the overall
development of a city. For example, many cities struggle with traffic congestion and insufficient
public transport, making daily commutes stressful. By improving road infrastructure and
increasing the frequency of public transport services, rush-hour problems can be mitigated,
which would enhance the city’s overall efficiency. Thus, investing in a well-developed transport
system is crucial for urban modernization.

On the other hand, an advanced transportation system alone does not guarantee a city’s
modernity, as other factors like healthcare, education, and environmental cleanliness are equally
significant. For instance, some cities with excellent transport infrastructure still lack adequate
healthcare services or quality education and may suffer from severe pollution. Despite having a
strong transport network, such cities may not be considered ideal places to live. Therefore, while
investing in a high-quality transportation system is important, equal attention should be given to
other essential services.

In conclusion, an efficient public transport system is undoubtedly a key feature of modern cities.
However, while it enhances convenience for residents, I believe that investments in other critical
areas such as healthcare, education, and environmental sustainability are equally necessary to
create a truly modern and livable city.

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Test 10
Task 1: The table illustrates the percentage of age of visitors from the UK to
Spain in 1985 and in 2005. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting
the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

The table below displays the percentages of different age groups of tourists who traveled to
Spain from the United Kingdom during the period from 1981 to 2015.

Overall, the 25-35 age category comprised the highest proportion of overall tourists during the
entire period, while the 16-24 age group exhibited the most significant increase in percentage.
Moreover, the 0-15 age group showed the most negligible change and accounted for the lowest
proportion by the end of the period.

In detail, the percentage of the 25-35 age group declined from 50% in 1981 to 32% in 2015, but
it still made up the largest share of tourists by the end of the period. The 16-24 age group saw the
most significant rise, with its percentage increasing from 4% in 1981 to 15% in 2015, marking
the biggest increase. The 0-15 age group's proportion experienced only a slight increase from
10% to 12%, which was equal to the percentage of the 35-45 age group in 2015. The 35-45 age
group, on the other hand, experienced a significant drop, falling from 22% to 12%. Lastly, the
55+ age group saw an increase, rising from 16% to 25% of the total tourists by 2015.

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Task 2: Nowadays, many people are now spending more and more time travelling
to work or school. Some people believe that this is a negative development while
others think there are some benefits. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

It is widely acknowledged that there has been a significant rise in the amount of time students
and workers spend commuting. While proponents of this trend argue that it can offer some
benefits for commuters, opponents believe that it is detrimental to society as a whole.

Some people associate increased commute time with certain advantages. One of the main
benefits is the opportunity to complete tasks that are otherwise neglected. For instance, time
spent on a bus or train can be used to read books, an activity that many people struggle to fit into
their daily routines. If reading is difficult on public transport, commuters can turn to alternative
media such as videos or podcasts. In my country, it is common to see students and workers with
headphones plugged in, enjoying their favorite podcasts, music, or movies while on the subway
or bus. In these ways, people can make the most of their commute.

However, I believe that the potential benefits of increased commute time are far outweighed by
the drawbacks. The fact that people are spending more time commuting is indicative of deeper
societal issues. Take traffic jams, for example. They are a major contributor to the long hours
spent in cars. Not only does traffic congestion result in higher transportation costs for an already
struggling working class, but it also leads to stress and fatigue, negatively impacting people's
jobs and studies. Additionally, other factors contributing to longer commute times, such as high
property prices, exacerbate societal problems that many countries are already grappling with.

In conclusion, commuting has never been more time-consuming. While there are ways to make
productive use of this increased commute time, I argue that the negative consequences of this
trend far outweigh any potential benefits. The long-term implications for individuals and society
are simply too significant to overlook.

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Test 11
Task 1: The chart below shows the percentage of Australian children in three age
groups who participated in four leisure activities in 2012. Summarize the
information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.

The graph illustrates the preferences of children from three different age groups in Australia
(aged 5 to 8, 9 to 11, and 12 to 16) in terms of watching TV, reading, art, and cycling in 2012.

Overall, watching TV was the most popular activity across all age groups, while art was the least
favored. Children aged 5 to 8 showed a relatively balanced interest in all four activities.

Regarding TV, almost all children aged 12 to 16 enjoyed watching TV, with slightly lower
figures observed in the younger age groups. Interestingly, around 70% of children aged 9 to 16
read books in their free time, while 65% of children aged 5 to 8 also engaged in reading.

In contrast, there was an inverse relationship between the popularity of art and the age of the
children, with older children showing less interest in this activity. Additionally, over 80% of the
children in the oldest age group enjoyed cycling, compared to around 76% of children aged 5 to
8 and 63% of those aged 9 to 11.

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Task 2: In many countries a large percentage of food is being wasted. What do
you think are the causes of this problem? What measures could best be taken to
solve it?

In many countries, a significant amount of food is thrown away, and this issue persists due to
several factors. However, there are potential solutions that could mitigate the problem.

There are two main reasons why people waste food. Firstly, many individuals fail to plan their
purchases; they tend to buy whatever they feel like at the moment. This often results in food
being stored in the refrigerator, where it may not be consumed in time. For example, during
discount sales, many people are inclined to purchase items simply because they are available at a
lower price. Eventually, they end up discarding these items when they go unused.

Secondly, in today’s society, many people are preoccupied with social media. Some individuals
post pictures of food online without actually consuming it. For instance, my tutor often shares
photos of her meals but leaves the majority of the food uneaten, demonstrating how little of it she
actually consumes.

To address the issue of food waste, I propose two measures. Firstly, families should create a
weekly meal plan. This would not only help them save time but also allow them to spend money
more wisely. Secondly, restaurants should implement policies to reduce food waste. For
example, if a customer orders a meal but discards a significant amount of it, they could be
charged extra for the wasted food.

In conclusion, the lack of planning when purchasing food and the tendency to post food photos
online without consuming them are two major causes of food waste. However, effective
solutions, such as encouraging meal planning at home and implementing policies in restaurants,
can help mitigate this issue.

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Test 12
Task 1: The line graph below shows the percentage of spending in a European
country from 1960 to 2000. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting
the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

The line graph illustrates how the population of a European country spent their money on food,
leisure, clothing, transport, and energy from 1960 to 2000.

Overall, the most money was spent on food, while the least was spent on energy. Expenditures
showed a downward trend for all categories except transportation, which experienced an upward
trend.

In the 1960s, the percentage of people's income spent on food was the highest, peaking at just
under 35%, nearly double the spending on leisure (20%). In the same year, the expenditure on
clothing stood at 10%, 1% higher than the combined spending on transport and energy, which
were 9% and 5%, respectively.

Subsequently, spending on transport increased considerably to 15%, the highest of all categories
by 2000. In contrast, spending on food and leisure saw a dramatic decline, dropping to 14% and
12%, respectively. The remaining categories followed similar trends, though less pronounced,
with expenditures on clothing and energy falling to 5% and 2%, respectively, by 2000.

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Task 2: Some people believe that young people who commit serious crimes should
be punished the same way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree

In many societies, there is growing concern about the increasing number of juvenile offenders
committing serious crimes. Some individuals argue that these young offenders should be
punished as adults due to the severity of their crimes. However, I firmly disagree with this
opinion.

Firstly, it is essential to recognize that young offenders often lack the same level of maturity and
judgment as adults. Adolescents are still developing mentally, emotionally, and socially, which
may contribute to impulsive decision-making and a heightened vulnerability to peer pressure.
For instance, a teenage shoplifter who steals under peer pressure may not fully comprehend the
consequences of their actions due to their immature judgment. Therefore, it is crucial to consider
these factors when determining the appropriate punishment for young criminals. Punishing them
in the same way as adults may not only be unfair but also counterproductive, as it fails to address
the root causes of their behavior.

Secondly, rehabilitation should be the primary focus when dealing with young offenders, rather
than punitive measures. By providing these individuals with access to education, counseling, and
skill-building programs, society can help them overcome the challenges they face and ultimately
reduce the likelihood of reoffending. For example, a young offender who has committed a
serious crime could be placed in a juvenile detention center that offers educational programs,
counseling services, and vocational training. This would help them address the underlying issues
that led to their criminal behavior. As a result, upon reentering society, they are better equipped
to make positive choices, reducing recidivism rates and promoting a safer community for all.

In conclusion, punishing young offenders who commit serious crimes in the same manner as
adults disregards the unique developmental needs and circumstances of adolescents. Instead,
society should focus on rehabilitation and support for these individuals, ensuring they have the
opportunity to grow and learn from their mistakes.

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Test 13
Task 1: The table below describes water usage for 3 different purposes in 6
countries in 2003. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main
features and make comparisons where relevant.

The table illustrates the proportions of water use for three different purposes in six countries in
2003.

It is evident from the table that most countries allocated the largest share of water to the
agricultural sector, while the smallest proportion was used in industry.

To begin, the United Kingdom and China had almost identical water usage profiles, with both
countries allocating around 90% of water to agriculture. Their domestic and industrial water
usage was relatively low, ranging between 5% and 7%. India had a slightly different profile, with
82% of water used for agriculture and higher proportions allocated to domestic and industrial use
(10% and 8%, respectively).

Canada and Australia both had similar domestic water usage, at 63% and 65%, respectively.
However, Canada's industrial sector consumed a significant portion of water at 32%, compared

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to just 2% in Australia. In contrast, Canadian agriculture used only 5% of water, while
Australia’s agricultural sector consumed a much larger share of 33%.

Lastly, Japan allocated the largest proportion of its water to agriculture (66%), with the
remaining water split between domestic (19%) and industrial use (15%).

Task 2: Some people think that it is better to live in the past than in the previous
century. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

People have different views on whether today’s world is better than life in the previous century.
While there are certainly some problems in the modern world, I believe that life is generally
better today than in the past.

Critics of the modern world cite various reasons to support their stance. With population growth
and high inflation rates, the cost of living has risen dramatically in recent years. As a result,
many people now find it difficult to meet their basic needs, such as food, utilities, and tuition
fees, let alone afford a comfortable lifestyle. In comparison, people in the previous century did
not face the same financial challenges we face today. For example, in my home country, people
found it easier to pay taxes, buy food, live in decent homes, and cover transportation costs during
that period.

Despite these arguments, I believe people today are healthier and more educated. Both cities and
rural areas now have more healthcare facilities, such as well-equipped hospitals, modern clinics,
and state-of-the-art rehabilitation centers, all of which contribute to public well-being and an
improved quality of life. As a result, individuals today live longer, healthier lives, with fewer
chronic health issues and cardiovascular diseases, leading to greater life satisfaction. Moreover,
education has significantly improved. There are now more well-designed schools, universities,
and vocational centers, equipped with modern laboratories, tranquil libraries, and
technologically-rich learning environments, all of which help cultivate more competent and
technologically-savvy generations.

In conclusion, while there are certainly drawbacks in the modern world, I believe that, compared
to the previous century, people today enjoy a higher quality of life.

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Test 14
Task 1: The bar chart illustrates the number of immigrants to different regions of
Australia. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main
features and make comparisons where relevant.

The provided bar chart illustrates the origins of migrants to Australia from six distinct regions in
the years 1987 and 1997.

Overall, there was a marked increase in the number of migrants from Oceania, the Middle East,
Africa, and North East Asia, while the figures from Europe, the Rest of Asia, and North and
South America declined during the observed period.

Focusing on the regions that experienced growth, Oceania saw a substantial rise in its migrant
population, increasing from 9% in 1987 to 30% in 1997. Similarly, the Middle East and Africa’s
share grew from 5% to 10%, while North East Asia experienced a notable surge, rising from
12% to 20%. These figures reflect an upward trend for Oceania and the Asian regions, with
North East Asia reaching a significant migrant demographic by 1997. In comparison, the Rest of
Asia saw a slight increase from 9% to 10%, suggesting a more stable migration flow.

In contrast, the proportion of migrants from Europe declined from 31% in 1987 to 25% in 1997,
making it the largest source of migrants at both time points, though with a noticeable decrease.
Likewise, the Rest of Asia’s share declined, from 9% to 7%, indicating a shift in migration
patterns. North and South America saw only a slight increase, from 1% to 5%, suggesting a
marginal rise in migration from these regions.

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Task 2: It is important to give children the chance to act independently and make
their own decisions from an early age. To what extent do you agree or disagree
with this idea?

It is often said that teaching children to become independent and to make their own decisions as
early as possible is important. In my opinion, the timing of this should depend on the child’s age.

There are several reasons why fostering independence in children is considered beneficial. One
key reason is that it gives children the opportunity to stand on their own. Instead of constantly
relying on their parents, children can be encouraged to start doing things for themselves from an
early age. For example, letting them tie their own shoes, fold their clothes, or comb their hair are
simple tasks that can help them become more independent. By doing this, they will be able to
perform these basic tasks without depending on their parents.

Moreover, teaching children to make decisions at a young age can help develop their leadership
skills. When children are encouraged to have their own opinions, they also learn to think
critically. For example, giving them responsibility for managing their own school expenses
allows them to practice making financial decisions, such as how to spend and save money. This
helps them build decision-making skills that will benefit them later in life. Thus, teaching
children decision-making skills early on is seen as crucial for their development.

However, I believe that children should begin these lessons at an appropriate age. Not all
children, particularly preschoolers, are capable of making sound decisions. For example, children
in primary and secondary school are generally more mentally mature than preschoolers, and thus
are more able to make responsible choices. Therefore, becoming a good decision-maker should
be a gradual process that happens at the right time.

In conclusion, teaching children to be independent and make decisions should be based on their
maturity. There is a right time for everything, and parents should not rush their children into
learning all these skills at once.

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Test 15
Task 1: The charts give information about the percentage of men and women who
had driving licences in one European country in various years. Summarize the
information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.

The bar graphs illustrate the fluctuations in the proportions of men and women in Great Britain
who held driving licenses from 1976 to 2006, as well as the rate of young drivers aged 17 to 20
from 1996 to 2006.

Overall, there was a noticeable and consistent upward trend in the percentage of both men and
women in Great Britain who held driving licenses. This contrasts with the declining proportion
of drivers among the 17 to 20-year-old age group.

Specifically, around 70% of men and 30% of women had a driving license in 1976. This
increased to 72% for men and 40% for women by 1986, and then continued to rise to 75% for
men and 44% for women by 1996. By 2006, 80% of men had a driving license, while 60% of
women held one.

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In contrast, the rate of young drivers aged 17 to 20 declined over the same period.
Approximately 50% of young men and 30% of young women held driving licenses in 1996, but
by 2006, these figures had decreased to about 45% for men and 20% for women.

Task 2: Some schoolchildren dislike learning maths. What might be the reasons
for this? What might be the best ways to make learning maths enjoyable for
schoolchildren?

It is true that some schoolchildren do not enjoy mathematics. There are several reasons for this,
and I believe there are also ways to spark children's interest in learning math.

One potential reason why students dislike learning math is its complexity. Mathematical
language involves technical terms, abstract concepts, and symbols, which can be intimidating for
young learners. Terms like "denominator," "polynomials," and "functions" may seem
complicated, leading students to lose interest. Another reason is that traditional teaching methods
often make the subject even more unappealing. These methods typically focus on memorization
and repetitive exercises, making math feel dull and discouraging students from engaging with the
subject.

On the other hand, integrating technology into math instruction could make the learning
experience more enjoyable. Teachers can use apps like Kahoot to make lessons more engaging,
as these platforms offer games that review what students have learned. The competitive aspect,
with leaderboards displaying top students, can further increase engagement. Additionally,
teachers should reward top-achieving students regularly. This recognition not only motivates
high achievers but also encourages those who are struggling to work harder and improve their
performance. By taking these steps, students may begin to enjoy their math learning experience.

In conclusion, the complexity of math and uninspiring teaching methods can discourage young
students from learning the subject. However, by incorporating technology into lessons and
rewarding achievement, teachers can inspire students to engage with math enthusiastically.

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Test 16
Task 1: The diagram below show how one type of coal is used to produce
electricity. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main
features and make comparisons where relevant.

The pictorial diagram illustrates the process of generating electricity from a particular type of
coal.

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Overall, the entirely man-made process involves several stages, beginning with coal mining and
ending with the delivery of electricity to households and industries, with waste heat being a by-
product at various points.

To begin with, coal is mined at extraction plants, then crushed into smaller pieces. These crushed
coal fragments are transported to a gasifier, where they are converted into gas.

In the subsequent steps, the produced gas is cooled in a separate facility, during which excess
heat is released as waste. The gas then undergoes a cleaning process to remove any impurities.
Afterward, the purified gas is used as input for a gas power plant. Finally, electricity is generated
and distributed for domestic and industrial use. It is important to note that even at this stage,
additional waste heat continues to be emitted as a by-product.

Task 2: Many people around the world use social media everyday to keep in touch
with others people and get news events. Do the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages?

Social media has become an integral part of modern life, with billions of people around the
world using such platforms to stay connected with others and stay updated on current events.
While social media undoubtedly offers numerous advantages in terms of connectivity and
information dissemination, this essay argues that the risks it carries are more significant.

On the positive side, social media has revolutionized the way we communicate and connect with
others. Services such as Facebook and WhatsApp allow us to easily keep in touch with friends
and family, regardless of geographic distance. These platforms have also facilitated the
formation of online communities, enabling people with shared interests or experiences to connect
and support one another in ways that were previously less convenient. Regarding news updates,
social media has become a powerful tool for sharing information in real-time, unlike traditional
news sources like newspapers or television. For example, X (formerly called Twitter) displays
trending topics, allowing people to stay informed and engaged with current events as they
unfold.

Nonetheless, these advantages are outweighed by the concerning drawbacks of social media. One
major threat is its potential to negatively impact mental health, particularly among younger users.
Communication on social channels often exposes users to curated representations of others' lives,
which can lead to feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem, and mental health issues like
depression or anxiety. Another issue is that social media has been implicated in the spread of
misinformation, online harassment, cyberbullying, and privacy violations, posing risks to
individuals' well-being, safety, and trust in credible information sources. This is exemplified by
numerous news stories about people engaging in harmful behaviors after being influenced by
fake news or negative content on social networks.

In conclusion, while social media offers advantages in socializing and receiving news, its
disadvantages—including negative impacts on mental health, the spread of misinformation,
online harassment, and privacy concerns—are substantial. Given these concerns, I believe that
the disadvantages of social media usage ultimately outweigh its advantages.

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Test 17
Task 1: The charts below show the global market ratio of three computer
operating systems compared to other from 2012 to 2015. Summarize the
information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.

The pie charts compare the market share of different computer operating systems worldwide
over a four-year period, starting from 2012.

Overall, in 2012, the three main operating systems—Os1, Os2, and Os3—had relatively similar
market shares. However, over the next three years, the share of Os1 steadily increased,

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maintaining its dominance in the market. In contrast, the market share of Os2 remained almost
unchanged, while the popularity of other operating systems declined over the surveyed period.

At the beginning of the period, Os1 accounted for 20% of the market, making it the most popular
operating system, followed closely by Os2 and Os3, with respective shares of 17% and 15%.
Other operating systems made up the remaining 48% of the market.

By 2013, the market share of Os1 had doubled to nearly 40%, and it continued to rise, reaching a
peak of 52% over the next two years, solidifying its position as the leading system. Meanwhile,
Os2’s market share remained unchanged at 17% in 2013, and it saw only a modest increase of
1% by the end of the period, keeping its position as the second most popular operating system.
As for Os3, its market share declined slightly to 10% by 2013, but it later recovered to its initial
15% share by 2015. Other operating systems struggled to compete with the three main systems,
as their market shares dropped to a low of 15% by the end of the surveyed period.

Task 2: Throughout history, people have dreamed of living in a perfect society but
nobody has agreed on what an ideal society would look like. What do you think is
the most important element needed to make a society perfect? How can the ideal
society be achieved?

Throughout history, the concept of a perfect society has been a topic of endless debate. While
opinions on what constitutes an ideal society may differ, I believe that social equality is the most
crucial element, as it fosters harmony, opportunity, and mutual respect.

To begin with, social equality serves as the foundation of a perfect society. It ensures that
everyone has equal access to opportunities, regardless of gender, race, or socioeconomic
background. By promoting fairness, social equality reduces the frustrations and inequalities that
often lead to societal unrest. Furthermore, when individuals feel valued and treated fairly, they
are more likely to contribute positively to their communities. For example, countries like
Norway and Sweden, known for their robust social welfare systems, consistently rank highly in
global happiness indexes due to the equity and inclusion experienced by their citizens.

Creating an ideal society, however, requires concrete actions, particularly in education and the
legal system. Education plays a vital role in raising awareness of citizens’ rights and
responsibilities, fostering respect, and reducing discrimination. A transparent and efficient legal
system, on the other hand, is essential for upholding fairness and maintaining social order. For
instance, Singapore’s success in curbing corruption can be attributed to its strict and impartial
judicial system, which has earned the trust of its people and ensured societal stability.

In conclusion, while the vision of a perfect society may vary, social equality is undoubtedly the
most important element in making this dream a reality. By investing in education and
maintaining a strong legal framework, societies can move closer to achieving this ideal state.

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Test 18
Task 1: The charts below show the donations given to six different types of charity
by one company from 2012 to 2014. Summarize the information by selecting and
reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

The bar chart presents a breakdown of the percentage of donations allocated by a company to six
charitable sectors—social welfare, education, environment, health, wildlife, and art—over a
three-year period from 2012 to 2014.

Overall, social welfare consistently received the largest share of donations, while wildlife and art
received the least funding throughout the period. While some sectors saw steady growth, others
experienced either slight fluctuations or remained stable.

In 2012, social welfare accounted for approximately 25% of total donations, a figure that
increased modestly to nearly 27% by 2014. Similarly, funding for education rose from 7% to
10%, and environmental charities saw a comparable increase, climbing from 9% to 12%.

Health-related charities experienced moderate growth, with their share rising from 15% in 2012
to a peak of 18% in 2014. In contrast, wildlife organizations saw a slight but steady increase,

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from 5% to 7% over the same period. Meanwhile, the arts sector remained unchanged at just 3%,
consistently receiving the smallest proportion of donations.

Task 2: Some people think traditional games are better than modern games in
helping children develop their abilities. To what extent do you agree?

Some people believe that conventional games are more beneficial than modern video games
when it comes to children's development. This essay strongly agrees with this statement and will
outline the reasons why.

Granted, there are those who support modern video games due to their positive impacts on
children's cognitive abilities. For example, simulation games allow children to design their own
virtual worlds, which fosters creativity. Additionally, strategic games challenge players to think
quickly in order to overcome obstacles or compete against opponents, which helps develop
problem-solving skills. However, these benefits often come with significant downsides. The
immersive and addictive nature of modern games frequently leads to excessive screen time,
promoting sedentary lifestyles and associated health issues such as obesity and poor posture.
Furthermore, prolonged exposure to screens has been linked to mental fatigue, reduced attention
spans, and social isolation, which highlight the drawbacks of relying too heavily on modern
games for development.

In contrast, conventional games offer a more well-rounded developmental experience. Many

traditional games, such as hide-and-seek or tag, involve physical activity, promoting fitness and
coordination. These games also encourage teamwork, communication, and leadership skills as
children engage with their peers in an active, collaborative environment. In terms of cognitive
development, traditional games like chess, puzzles, and building blocks stimulate concentration,
logical thinking, and creativity in a more tangible and engaging way. Unlike modern games,
these activities rarely lead to over-reliance or addiction, offering a healthier and more sustainable
approach to growth.

In conclusion, while modern games may have some benefits in stimulating specific cognitive
abilities, their addictive nature and related drawbacks often outweigh these advantages.
Traditional games, on the other hand, provide a more comprehensive developmental experience
by nurturing physical health, social interaction, and creativity.

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Test 19
Task 1: The table below shows the change in the percentage of lawyers choosing
jobs in different industries in a specific country from 2001 to 2016. Summarize the
information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.

The table illustrates the percentage distribution of male and female lawyers across four different
occupational sectors between 2001 and 2016.

Overall, it is evident that the government sector remained the most popular choice for both
genders throughout the period. Additionally, notable shifts occurred in all categories, with
varying degrees of change in gender participation, except for male lawyers in the business sector,
whose proportion remained stable.

In 2001, the government sector employed the largest share of lawyers, with 45% of males and
41% of females working in this field. By 2016, the proportion of female lawyers in government
rose slightly to 42%, while the percentage of male lawyers decreased significantly to 38%,
marking a 7% drop. In contrast, the "others" sector showed contrasting trends. The proportion of
female lawyers in this category declined sharply from 28% to 16%, while the percentage of male
lawyers in this sector increased modestly from 26% to 29%.

As for the private sector, male representation grew from 15% to 19%, and female participation
increased from 17% to 21%. Finally, in the business sector, both genders held an equal share of
14% in 2001. However, by 2016, while the proportion of female lawyers in this field rose
significantly to 21%, the figure for male lawyers remained unchanged.

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Task 2: Pollution and environmental damage are inevitable as a country becomes
richer and more developed. Do you agree or disagree?

Some people believe that pollution and environmental damage are inevitable consequences of a
country’s economic growth and development. This essay strongly agrees with this notion.

On the one hand, a few countries have demonstrated that sustainable development is possible
without compromising environmental health. For example, Finland, one of the wealthiest
nations, has one of the lowest pollution rates globally. This success is due to high public
awareness of environmental protection and the government’s proactive policies, such as strict
emission controls and investments in renewable energy. However, such examples are exceptions
rather than the norm. Achieving economic growth without environmental damage is extremely
difficult and typically requires years of environmental degradation before governments and
citizens recognize the need for change. Therefore, while countries like Finland show that
balancing growth and sustainability is possible, this is not representative of the global trend.

On the other hand, most nations, regardless of their level of development, struggle to grow
economically without causing environmental harm. In developing countries, for instance,
deforestation is often prioritized to create farmland, as seen in Brazil, where large portions of the
Amazon rainforest have been cleared for agriculture. Similarly, many industrialized nations rely
heavily on manufacturing, a major source of emissions and waste. Even innovations considered
eco-friendly, such as electric vehicles, require intensive resource extraction to produce batteries,
which in turn cause significant environmental strain. Until comprehensive and globally adopted
solutions are implemented, economic activities will continue to harm ecosystems, making
environmental damage an inevitable byproduct of growth.

In conclusion, I strongly agree that economic development is inherently linked to pollution and
environmental degradation. While a minority of nations have managed to mitigate these effects,
the vast majority of human activities, from agriculture to industry, inevitably pose risks to the
environment.

Test 20
Task 1: The charts below show the number of tourists to Australia from three
countries in 1995 and 2005 and the types of travels between 1995 and 2005.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and
make comparisons where relevant.

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The bar chart illustrates the number of tourists from the UK, the USA, and Japan who visited
Australia between 1995 and 2005, while the line graph details their preferences for
accommodation during the same period.

Overall, the number of tourists from the UK and the USA showed a steady increase, while the
figure for Japan experienced a notable decline. In 1995, Japanese visitors were the most

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numerous, but by 2005, they were surpassed by travelers from the UK and the USA. Regarding
accommodation, hotels were consistently the preferred option, except in 2005, when the figures
for hotels and backpacking were equal.

In 1995, over 1.4 million Japanese tourists traveled to Australia, significantly outnumbering
those from the UK (800,000) and the USA (400,000). By 2005, the number of Japanese visitors
had declined sharply to 1.1 million, while the UK and the USA both experienced substantial
growth, each reaching 1.5 million tourists.

In terms of lodging preferences, hotels were overwhelmingly favored in 1995, with

approximately 1.7 million visitors choosing this option, compared to just 300,000 who opted for
backpacking. Hotel usage increased dramatically by 2000, peaking at 2.5 million, before falling
significantly to around 1.3 million over the next five years. Meanwhile, backpacking steadily
gained popularity, rising fivefold over the period to match hotel numbers at 1.3 million in 2005.

Task 2: Directors and managers of organisations are often older people. Some
people say that it is better for younger people to be leaders. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

The debate over whether young people or seniors make better leaders in organizations has
become a topic of heated discussion. In my opinion, while younger people have certain
leadership qualities, older individuals are more likely to succeed in managerial positions.

Young leaders can bring valuable advantages to organizations, particularly in their ability to
drive innovation and adapt to emerging trends. For example, technology giants like Snapchat and
Google were founded by young individuals, whose open-mindedness and creativity facilitated
groundbreaking ideas. Furthermore, their sensitivity to new trends can improve a company’s
image and market position. However, these strengths are often more prominent in industries like
technology, where creativity and adaptability are essential. Leadership, however, requires a
broader range of skills, including decision-making and team management, areas in which
younger leaders may sometimes lack the experience and maturity required. In more traditional
sectors, this lack of experience can pose a challenge, underscoring the importance of seasoned
leaders.

I argue that organizations are generally more successful under the guidance of older leaders.
With their extensive experience, older managers are better equipped to assess complex situations
and make informed decisions, ensuring stability and long-term growth. For instance, Bernard
Arnault, the 73-year-old CEO of LVMH, has leveraged his deep industry knowledge to sustain
the conglomerate’s growth and dominance in the luxury market. Moreover, older leaders
command natural respect from employees due to their seniority, fostering smoother collaboration
and stronger organizational cohesion. While younger leaders may excel in innovation, it is the
wisdom, credibility, and well-rounded leadership of older managers that more consistently drive
organizational success.

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In conclusion, while young leaders can bring fresh perspectives and innovation to an
organization, I believe that older managers are more likely to achieve success in leadership
positions due to their experience, wisdom, and ability to navigate complex challenges.

Test 21
Task 1: The charts below give information about the age of visitors from the UK
to Spain in 1993 and in 2003. Summarize the information by selecting and
reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

The pie charts illustrate the proportion of UK tourists traveling to Spain, categorized by age, in
two years: 1983 and 2003.

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Overall, across the five age groups surveyed, UK tourists aged 35-54 were the predominant
group in both years, although their share decreased over the 20-year period. It is also evident that
the 0-24 and 55+ age groups showed increased interest in Spain, as the percentage of tourists in
these categories grew. In contrast, the other groups saw a decline.

In 1983, half of UK tourists visiting Spain were aged 35-54, making up the largest share. This
was followed by the 25-34 and 55+ age groups, with respective shares of 20% and 16%. Tourists
aged 0-15 represented 10% of the total, more than double the proportion of those aged 16-24,
who accounted for just 4%.

By 2003, the percentage of UK tourists aged 35-54 had decreased to 35%, although they still
formed the largest group. The 25-34 age group saw a small decline, dropping to 12%.
Meanwhile, the 0-15, 16-24, and 55+ age groups all experienced increases. The share of tourists
aged 0-15 rose slightly to 12%, while the 16-24 and 55+ age groups grew significantly, reaching
15% and 26%, respectively.

Task 2: Some people feel that manufacturers and supermarkets have the
responsibility to reduce the amount of packaging of goods. Others argue that
customers should avoid buying goods with a lot of packaging. Discuss both views
and give your opinion

Some people believe that the responsibility for minimizing packaging waste lies with
manufacturers and supermarkets, while others argue that consumers should take action by
choosing products with less packaging. In my opinion, a collective effort is required to address
the issue.

It is reasonable for producers and retail organizations to bear the primary responsibility for
alleviating this problem. Manufacturers have the resources and expertise to develop more
sustainable packaging solutions. For example, they could invest in eco-friendly materials or
redesign their products to minimize packaging. Supermarkets also have a key role to play by
educating customers on the importance of reducing waste from consumer products and offering
guidance on recycling or proper disposal.

At the same time, consumers can contribute significantly to this issue through their choices.
Individuals can make small but impactful changes, such as opting for products with minimal
packaging or those using biodegradable alternatives, avoiding single-use plastics, and
responsibly discarding packaging waste. Consumers also have the power to influence the market
by supporting companies that prioritize sustainability and avoiding those that do not. This can
create pressure on businesses to adopt more environmentally responsible practices to retain
customer loyalty.

In conclusion, reducing packaging waste is a complex issue that requires collaboration between
manufacturers, retailers, and consumers. All parties have a role to play, and working together is
essential for creating a more sustainable future.

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Test 22
Task 1: The diagram below shows the leather making process. Summarize the
information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.

The picture illustrates the process of making leather from animal skin.

Overall, the process consists of several stages, starting with the collection of raw materials,
passing through various chemical treatments, and concluding with the waxing of the finished
leather.

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The process begins with the collection of animal skin, which is transported to a factory where it
is sorted according to size into small and large pieces. The skin is then trimmed to remove any
excess material, and the trimmed pieces are preserved by applying salt.

Next, the skin is cured for 30 days before being soaked in water for 12 to 24 hours to soften it.
Once softened, the skin is cleaned by removing any remaining hair using a knife. Following this,
the skin undergoes a pickling stage, where it is treated with salt and acid inside a rotating drum.
The skin is then tanned with a chemical treatment that lasts for 48 hours, which strengthens the
material.

In the final stages, the tanned leather is colored and softened with various oils before being dried.
The dried leather is then waxed to produce a smooth finish, completing the entire process.

Task 2: Nowadays many people spend less and less time at home. What are the
causes of this? What are the effects of this on individual and on the society?

In today’s world, the amount of time people spend at home has noticeably decreased.
This essay will discuss the main causes behind this development and analyze its impact
on both individuals and society.

One of the primary reasons for this change is the growing pressure from work, along with
the increasing attractiveness of outside entertainment. When it comes to employment,
many people place high importance on career progression and financial security, which
often means working longer hours. For instance, in Vietnam, numerous office employees
across different industries frequently stay late at work—sometimes until 9 or 10 p.m.—
and even work on weekends to stay competitive within their companies. This continuous
drive for professional achievement often reduces the time available for home life.
Moreover, external entertainment options have become more varied and engaging. The
popularity of cafes, restaurants, shopping centers, clubs, and recreational venues has
made going out more appealing, especially when home is seen as dull or repetitive.

In my view, spending less time at home brings serious negative consequences for
individuals and essential social values. Personally, extended work hours and insufficient
rest at home can result in increased stress and burnout, which are becoming more
prevalent among working adults. Furthermore, the high costs of maintaining an active
social life can push individuals into a cycle of overworking just to afford these activities.
On a societal level, reduced time at home weakens family relationships and diminishes
community bonds. As people devote more attention to work and outside activities, they
spend less quality time with loved ones, leading to emotional distance. Over time, this
shift contributes to a more individualistic culture, where shared values and close
relationships gradually decline.

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To sum up, the main reasons behind people spending less time at home include greater
work responsibilities and the wide range of entertainment choices available. This trend
may lead to various negative outcomes for both individuals and society, including
burnout, financial stress, and weakened familial connections.

Test 23
Task 1: The charts below give information about the UK music industry by sector
in 2013, 2014 and 2015. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the
main features and make comparisons where relevant.

The bar charts illustrate the revenue and employment figures for three music sectors in the UK—
music publishing, live music, and recorded music—over the period from 2013 to 2015.

In general, live music generated the highest revenue and employed the largest number of people,
while music publishing earned the least and had the fewest workers.

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Live music's revenue started at approximately $900 million in 2013 and increased to over $1
billion by 2015. Recorded music earned around $600 million in 2013, with a slight rise over the
period. Music publishing remained the smallest, earning under $500 million.

In terms of employment, live music employed nearly 25,000 people by 2015, the highest of the
three sectors. Recorded music employed between 5,000 and 10,000 people, while music
publishing had the least, with fewer than 5,000 workers.

In conclusion, live music was the largest sector, followed by recorded music, with music
publishing being the smallest.

Test 24
Task 1: The charts below show the percentage of males and females enjoying the
leisure time from 1996 to 2006, and the percentage of males and females going to
different places in 2006. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting
the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

The bar charts compare the participation of males and females in leisure activities from 1996 to
2006 and provide details on the preferences of each gender for different locations in 2006.

Overall, the data shows a trend toward greater equality in leisure activity participation between
men and women over the decade. Male participation decreased, while female participation
increased. In 2006, women preferred the beach, whereas men were more inclined to visit pop
centers.

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In 1996, 84% of males engaged in leisure activities, nearly double the 40% of females. By 2001,
male participation had dropped by 4 percentage points, while female participation had risen by
10 percentage points. This trend continued, and by 2006, the gap had narrowed to just 10
percentage points, with 70% of males and 60% of females participating in leisure activities.

The second chart reveals distinct preferences in 2006. Cinemas were more popular among
females, with 25% attending compared to just 10% of males. Pop centers attracted 30% of males
but only 15% of females. Both genders enjoyed the beach, with 30% of females and 25% of
males visiting. Museums and KTV had lower attendance from both groups, with around 20% of
males and 14% of females visiting, indicating less interest in these locations compared to the
beach and pop centers.

Task 2: Some people think that there could be more benefits to society if more
people study bussiness than history. To what extend do you agree or disagree?

We are living in an era where people have the freedom to choose various subjects in educational
institutions and access information on virtually any topic. While some argue that studying
business is more beneficial to society than learning history, I believe both subjects are equally
important and should be given equal importance.

Studying business can benefit society in multiple ways. First, it helps develop a more efficient
and productive workforce. Business students, equipped with essential skills in resource and
personnel management, can boost productivity and profitability in sectors such as infrastructure,
healthcare, shopping centers, and both public and private services. Additionally, studying
business promotes economic growth. Individuals with a business background are more likely to
launch and run successful ventures, fostering an entrepreneurial culture that encourages the rise
of more businesses and contributes to higher employment rates.

On the other hand, studying history allows us to gain insights into how societies functioned in
the past. The historical data used to inform laws and systems aids in making informed decisions
that contribute to a better future for societies. For example, many countries analyze historical
events to assess national economies or wars. Moreover, history helps foster a sense of identity
and belonging. Our ancestors' beliefs and societal roles often mirror our own values and
conventions. As a result, history helps us understand our cultural heritage and promotes a more
unified and harmonious society.

In conclusion, both subjects should be equally prioritized to achieve the best outcomes. Business
studies help build a productive workforce and a prosperous economy, while history deepens our
understanding of the past and strengthens our sense of identity.

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Test 25
Task 1: The chart below shows the spending (in milions) by 18-20 year olds in one
country on five different products in 2010 and 2014. Summarize the information
by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.

The table compares the spending of young individuals aged 18 to 20 in one country on five
categories—food, clothes, books, smartphones, and toiletries—in two years, 2010 and 2014.

Overall, food was the largest expenditure category, while spending on books was the lowest in
both years. Expenditure on food, smartphones, and toiletries increased over the four years, while
book spending saw a significant decline. Clothes were the only category where spending
remained unchanged.

In 2010, food accounted for nearly 3,700 million dollars, making it the highest-spending
category, followed by clothes at 2,500 million dollars. Spending on smartphones and toiletries
was roughly equal, at around 2,000 million dollars each, both double the amount spent on books,
which was just 1,000 million dollars.

By 2014, food continued to be the largest category, rising to approximately 4,400 million dollars.
Spending on smartphones saw a notable increase, reaching about 2,700 million dollars, while
toiletries experienced a small rise to 2,000 million dollars. In contrast, spending on books halved,
dropping to 500 million dollars, making it the lowest expenditure. Spending on clothes remained
unchanged at 2,500 million dollars throughout the period.

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Task 2: Scientists around the world should work together to do scientific research
but some people worry this may have disadvantages. Discuss both views and give
your opinion.

Scientific research has always been crucial to human advancement. There are differing opinions
on whether scientists from different countries should collaborate on research, with some pointing
to potential disadvantages, while others argue in favor of cooperation. Although I understand the
concerns of the former, I strongly believe that such collaboration should be encouraged.

Opponents of international scientific cooperation highlight several obstacles that could make
research more expensive and less effective. These challenges include differences in funding, time
zones, language barriers, and varying academic practices. For example, a global team consisting
of members from diverse countries may struggle to communicate efficiently due to language or
cultural differences, leading to misunderstandings and delays. However, these issues can be
mitigated with the help of translators, and the advantages of global collaboration often outweigh
the challenges, resulting in meaningful scientific progress.

I firmly support the idea of worldwide scientific cooperation because each country brings unique
resources and expertise, which fosters innovation. For example, Germany is renowned for the
durability of its cars, while China and the US are leaders in artificial intelligence and electric
vehicles. If these countries collaborate, they could create the most advanced automobiles.
Additionally, there are numerous global challenges, such as pandemics, climate change, and
pollution, that require international cooperation. During the Covid-19 pandemic, countries that
initially chose to work in isolation and refused to share research or contribute to global efforts
may have prolonged the crisis. In contrast, international collaboration played a crucial role in
reducing infections and fatalities, showcasing the power of working together.

In conclusion, while some may oppose the idea of global scientific collaboration, I strongly
believe that it should be encouraged. It has the potential to speed up progress and offer
significant benefits to the world as a whole.

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Test 26
Task 1: The table below shows cocoa bean production in six regions between 1992
and 1998. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main
features and make comparisons where relevant.

The table presents the fluctuations in cacao production across six regions worldwide between
1992 and 1998.

Overall, the table highlights that Asia and South America alternated in leading cacao production
over the years.

In 1992, South America and Asia were the top producers, with 143,000 tonnes and 119,000
tonnes of cacao beans produced, respectively. By 1996, while South America's production had
decreased moderately to 127,000 tonnes, Asia's production continued to rise, reaching 234,000
tonnes. In 1998, both regions saw significant increases, with South America producing 389,000
tonnes and Asia leading at 436,000 tonnes.

Looking at other regions in 1992, they all produced far less cacao than South America and Asia,
with England at 56,000 tonnes, North and Central America at 46,000 tonnes, Oceania at 40,000
tonnes, and Africa at 29,000 tonnes. Oceania's production grew steadily, reaching 77,000 tonnes
by 1998, while North and Central America's production returned to its initial level despite a

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slight dip in between. Africa's cacao production peaked at 119,000 tonnes in 1996 but then saw a
sharp decline, dropping to just 25,000 tonnes by 1998. Similarly, England's production fell to
49,000 tonnes by 1998.

Task 2: Many young people are leaving their homes in rural areas to study or
work in the cities. What are the reasons? Do the advantages of this development
outweigh its disadvantages?

The debate between the standards of living in cities versus small towns or villages has long been
a topic of discussion. Recently, many teenagers have opted to live in cities rather than their home
villages due to better school and job opportunities. This essay will explore the reasons behind
this trend and explain why the advantages of city life outweigh its drawbacks.

There are several reasons why people are drawn to urban areas. First, cities provide access to
better educational institutions that are often unavailable in rural areas. In today's world,
education plays a significant role in securing future employment, and having a higher education
degree is essential for landing well-paying jobs. Additionally, city life offers a vastly different
experience from life in rural villages. With schools, workplaces, and social spaces, people have
the opportunity to meet a greater variety of people from across the country, which is important
for personal growth. Furthermore, cities offer a wider range of job opportunities and the potential
to earn higher salaries. The job market in rural areas is often limited, and many of the available
jobs pay only minimally.

It is clear that the benefits of moving from rural areas to cities far outweigh the few
disadvantages. While it is true that city living comes with challenges such as being away from
extended family, facing a more competitive job market, and dealing with higher living costs, the
advantages—such as gaining new experiences, receiving a better education that leads to higher-
paying jobs, and building a more interesting career—are far more significant.

In conclusion, there are many reasons why young people are choosing to leave their home
villages and live in cities. The benefits of this shift easily outweigh the disadvantages.

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Test 27
Task 1: The first chart below shows information about the consumers of water in
Australia in 2004. The second chart gives details of residential water use in
Australia in the same year. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting
the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The pie chart illustrates the water consumption of various major sectors in Australia in 2004,
while the bar chart provides a detailed breakdown of residential water usage.

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A quick look at the graphs shows that homes and apartments were the largest consumers of
water. Specifically, for residential water use, a significant amount was consumed in the bathroom
and garden in Australia in 2004.

In the pie chart, residential water usage made up the largest portion of the overall consumption,
comprising 70%, which is substantially higher than the figures for industrial (11%) and business
(10%) water use. The government and other categories accounted for only small portions, with
6% and 3%, respectively.

Looking at the bar graph, households used 28% and 27% of their water for garden and bathroom
activities. Washing clothes consumed 20%, which was 5% more than the water used in the toilet.
Kitchens in homes and apartments accounted for 10% of the total water usage.

Task 2: In many countries, people like to eat a wider variety of food than can be grown
in their local area. As a result, much of the food people eat today has to come from other
regions. Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

In recent decades, there has been a growing trend of individuals opting to purchase
agricultural products imported from other countries. This shift has led to a significant
decrease in the demand for locally grown food and has given rise to several related
issues. In this essay, I will explore the negative consequences of this phenomenon in
society.

To begin with, many consumers have voiced complaints about the higher cost of local
produce compared to imported goods. Since many countries do not impose export taxes
on their products, overseas goods tend to be cheaper than domestically grown items.
Naturally, lower-priced food is more appealing to buyers. However, this trend inevitably
undermines the development of local agriculture, which is crucial for many nations. For
instance, China, which was once heavily reliant on agriculture, has transitioned from a
farming-based society to an industrialized one. As a result, it now depends on food
imports rather than being self-sufficient in food production, which could potentially harm
its global standing.

Furthermore, economist Peter Anderson has pointed out that importing goods leads to an
outflow of money from one country to another. A country's GDP is influenced by various
factors, including exports and imports. If a nation’s imports exceed its exports, this
imbalance could hinder its economic progress. While individuals in certain regions may
excel in business over farming, and this may contribute to a higher GDP, the financial
outflow associated with food imports remains a significant concern for many
communities.

In conclusion, although purchasing imported food may offer financial savings for
consumers, it comes at a broader societal cost. In my opinion, the disadvantages of

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relying on foreign food are well-documented. Despite some benefits, this trend poses a
serious risk to the economic development of nations.

Test 28
Task 1: The line graph shows the percentage of travels by 4 different transports
in one country between 1985 and 2015. Summarise the information by selecting
and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

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The line graph compares the percentage of travel undertaken by four different modes of
transport—car, bus, rail, and others—in a particular country between 1985 and 2015.

Overall, bus travel saw a significant decline, while car usage experienced a steady increase.
Interestingly, the percentages for rail and other modes of transport remained relatively stable
throughout the period.

To begin with, the proportion of car journeys was 22% in 1985 and steadily rose to
approximately 75% by 2015. In contrast, bus travel started at just under 60% but experienced a
consistent decrease, dropping to 10% by the end of the period.

As for rail and other forms of transport, their percentages were 20% and 10%, respectively, in
1985. Over the following three decades, both categories saw minimal change in their shares.

Task 2: Films and games can be accessed at any time from mobile devices, like
smartphones, tablets and laptop computers. Do the advantages of such
developments outweigh the disadvantages?

The widespread availability of movies and games on various devices, including mobile
phones, laptops, and tablets, has made it easier for people to access entertainment at any
time of the day. I believe this accessibility brings significant benefits, with only a few
minor drawbacks.

Watching films and playing games provide people with enjoyable and relaxing
experiences. The easy access to visual entertainment plays a key role in enhancing
emotional well-being, as it allows individuals to unwind. With the vast selection of
movies and games available today, people can enjoy their favorite TV shows even
without an internet connection. For instance, during long journeys, individuals can watch
informative documentaries or play video games to pass the time. In other words, this
access gives people the freedom to choose how they spend their leisure time, which can
lead to increased life satisfaction.

However, the constant availability of entertainment can also be distracting in certain

situations. Since people have access to games and films everywhere, they may find it
easy to become sidetracked from important tasks. This distraction can lead to a loss of
focus on personal goals and a tendency to procrastinate. For example, many children in
Kazakhstan use their mobile phones and laptops to play video games during lessons,
which negatively impacts their ability to concentrate on academic work.

In conclusion, while I believe the accessibility of visual entertainment has mostly positive
effects, such as enhancing emotional well-being, there are some disadvantages that
should be acknowledged.

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Test 29
Task 1: The map below shows the changes that have taken palce at the
waterfront area of a town calles Darwin between 2009 and 2014.

The map depict how the town of Darwin evolved to accommodate residential needs between
2009 and 2014.

From the comparison, it's clear that while some original features remained intact, others—like
industrial zones—were completely removed. Over this five-year span, the town experienced
substantial changes, particularly in its infrastructure, amenities, and housing.

By 2014, facilities such as the school, swimming pool, lake, fishing area, and convention center
had stayed the same. However, the industrial zone once located near the lake, along with a
number of trees, had been replaced by an additional swimming pool. Likewise, a sizable
industrial site to the west of the sea was eliminated, making room for new trees, a university, and
residential buildings.

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Further changes included the expansion of housing in the town center to accommodate a growing
population. In addition, a new harbor was built on the coastline to the east of the newly
established forest area.

Task 2: Prison is an effective punishment for people who commit crimes. To

what extent do you agree or disagree?

Prison is widely regarded as the most appropriate place for criminals to serve their sentences.
This essay strongly supports this view, as incarceration not only facilitates rehabilitation but also
serves to protect society.

To begin with, the prison system often provides educational programs, vocational training, and
counseling services, including life skills courses, job preparation, and substance abuse treatment.
These interventions help inmates address the root causes of their criminal behavior. For instance,
if someone is imprisoned for theft, their time in jail may include access to rehabilitation and
learning opportunities that teach them proper values, thereby reducing the chance of reoffending.
Such measures aim to promote personal development and break the cycle of crime.

In addition, incarceration plays a crucial role in maintaining public safety by isolating offenders
from the wider community. Consider the case of a serial killer—if such a person were not
imprisoned, they could continue to pose a serious threat to others. By removing dangerous
individuals from society, the prison system helps prevent further harm and ensures a safer
environment for everyone.

That said, some argue that community service and probation are more suitable for low-risk
offenders. These alternatives are often less disruptive to individuals' lives, making it easier for
them to reintegrate into society and secure employment afterward. Moreover, such programs are
typically more cost-effective than incarceration. Nevertheless, keeping serious or repeat
offenders in prison is essential for the protection of society.

In conclusion, while alternative punishments may be more appropriate and economical for minor
offenders, I firmly believe that prison remains the best solution for dealing with criminals. It not
only provides opportunities for rehabilitation and reform but also ensures that dangerous
individuals are kept away from the public.

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Test 29
Task 1: The diagram below shows the stages in making a storage area from a
material called concrete canvas.

The diagram illustrates the process involved in constructing a storage unit using concrete canvas,
beginning with the manufacturing of the material and ending with the final storage setup.

Overall, the process consists of three main stages: manufacturing, construction, and setting.
Notably, the storage unit is built using a straightforward yet innovative material—concrete
canvas.

The process starts with the production of the primary material known as concrete canvas. These
are rectangular sheets made up of three distinct layers: a fibrous top surface, a layer of dry
concrete in the middle, and a water-resistant backing on the underside. Once manufactured, the
concrete canvas is transported to the construction site, where it is unpacked.

At the site, the canvas is unrolled and spread over the ground using a truck, typically covering an
area of around 10 meters. To protect it, a large plastic sheet is laid over the structure and secured
at the edges with pegs. Construction then begins by shaping the canvas into an igloo-like
structure that includes a door. Air is pumped into the form using a blower to help it expand and
hold its shape.

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Following inflation, water is sprayed onto the outer surface of the structure. This step activates
the concrete layer, initiating the hardening process. Finally, the structure is left to set and cure for
approximately 20 to 24 hours, allowing the concrete to fully solidify. Once the material has
dried, the storage unit is complete and ready for use.

Task 2: Many young people’s choice of future jobs based on salary. Do the
advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

In today’s world, where the cost of living has soared to unprecedented levels, it is increasingly
common for young people to choose their future careers based primarily on salary. While this
trend may bring about certain challenges, such as increased stress and anxiety, I believe the
advantages, particularly in terms of financial security, outweigh the drawbacks.

Opponents of prioritizing salary when choosing a career often highlight several concerns. Chief
among these is the rise in stress levels that can result from neglecting personal interests or job
satisfaction. When individuals select a profession solely for its financial rewards, they may
experience a lack of fulfillment and purpose in their work. Over time, this emotional disconnect
can lead to decreased job performance and increased psychological strain. In a world where
mental health issues are already prevalent, such a mindset can further intensify feelings of
dissatisfaction and burnout.

Despite these concerns, I firmly believe that the benefits of choosing a high-paying job are more
significant, particularly when it comes to achieving financial stability. A well-paying job allows
individuals to comfortably meet their essential needs—such as housing, food, transportation, and
utilities—while also affording access to better services like healthcare and education. This
financial security can greatly enhance one’s quality of life and provide peace of mind, especially
for those dealing with economic pressures. For many, the stability offered by a lucrative job can
make a profound difference in their overall well-being and future opportunities.

In conclusion, while it is true that prioritizing salary in career decisions can lead to increased
stress, I believe the benefits—particularly the ability to achieve financial security and an
improved standard of living—far outweigh the disadvantages.

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Test 30
Task 1: The charts below show the average monthly rainfall in two cities of Brazil,
Brasilia and Salvador, in 2016.

The bar charts compare the average monthly rainfall, measured in millimeters, in two Brazilian
cities—Brasília and Salvador—over the course of 2016.

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Overall, Brasília exhibited a highly variable rainfall pattern, with heavy rainfall concentrated at
the beginning and end of the year and minimal precipitation during the middle months. In
contrast, Salvador experienced relatively consistent rainfall year-round, with a noticeable peak in
the middle of the year.

In Brasília, rainfall levels peaked in January and December, each recording more than 200 mm.
Following January, rainfall steadily declined, reaching a minimum from June to August, where
precipitation was nearly zero. After August, rainfall gradually increased again toward the end of
the year.

Conversely, Salvador experienced rainfall in every month, never falling below 100 mm. The
heaviest precipitation occurred from April to June, each month exceeding 250 mm. After this
period, rainfall declined slightly but remained stable between 100 mm and 150 mm from July
through December.

Task 2: In more and more countries, people choose to give money on special
occasions rather than giving gifts chosen personally. Why might this be the case?
Is it a positive or negative development?

In recent years, monetary gifts have become an increasingly common alternative to traditional
presents on special occasions. This shift is largely attributed to greater practicality, convenience,
and evolving social expectations. Although some critics claim this practice diminishes the
personal touch of gift-giving, I believe it represents a largely positive change.

One of the primary reasons behind the popularity of giving money is that it allows recipients to
purchase what they genuinely need or desire. Unlike physical gifts, which may not always suit an
individual’s taste or needs, money provides complete freedom of choice. For instance,
newlyweds who receive cash can allocate it towards their honeymoon, home expenses, or future
savings, rather than ending up with duplicate or impractical items.

Furthermore, monetary gifts are significantly more convenient for the giver. In today’s fast-
paced world, many people lack the time to thoughtfully select gifts, especially when personal
preferences vary widely. Giving cash minimizes the risk of choosing something unsuitable and
saves time and effort. This is particularly beneficial for occasions such as birthdays, graduations,
or weddings.

Opponents argue that money lacks the emotional significance of a carefully chosen present.
While this point is understandable, the emotional value of a gift is ultimately subjective. If the
goal of giving a gift is to bring joy and utility to the recipient, then monetary gifts can be just as
meaningful—if not more so—than physical items.

In conclusion, the increasing preference for giving money as a gift reflects the practical needs
and lifestyles of modern society. While it may appear less personal to some, its advantages in
terms of flexibility and convenience make it a sensible and thoughtful choice in today’s world.

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Test 31
Task 1: The line graph shows the the percentages of the young people who
continued their secondary education till the age of 18 in 4 countries.

The line graphs illustrate the percentage of young people aged up to 18 who remained in
secondary education in four countries—Norway, the UK, Spain, and Italy—between 1996 and
2003, with data divided by gender.

Overall, Norway consistently reported the highest retention rates for both males and females
throughout the period, while Spain and Italy recorded comparatively low and slow growth. The
UK showed moderate improvements, particularly among males.

For females, Norway began at a high 96% in 1996, rising slightly to 98% by 2003. The UK saw
a modest increase from 85% to 88%. Spain’s female retention rates remained relatively stagnant,
fluctuating marginally between 74% and 75%. Italy showed a gradual improvement in female
participation, increasing from 68% to 70% over the period.

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In the male cohort, Norway started at 98%, peaked at 100% in 2002, and then returned to 98% in
2003. The UK demonstrated a more pronounced upward trend among males, with percentages
climbing from 75% in 1996 to match the female rate of 88% by 2003. Italy’s male students also
made steady gains, increasing from 65% to 75%. In contrast, Spanish males consistently
recorded the lowest participation rates, showing only a slight rise from 55% to 57%.

The Italian males commenced at 65% and progressed steadily to 75%, while Spanish males
displayed the least advancement, fluctuating slightly from 55% to 57%. Notably, the Spanish
females started with a higher base percentage of just below 70%, ultimately achieving a modest
increase to 75%. This contrasts sharply with the male counterparts whose starting percentage was
significantly lower. The data indicates that, despite variations across countries, Norway
maintained superior performance in educational retention, whereas both Spain and Italy
exhibited limited progress throughout the given timeframe.

Task 2: As populations grow, places of natural beauty in cities are being used
for constructing new houses. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

In recent years, the rapid expansion of urban populations has led many cities to prioritize housing
development over the preservation of green spaces and natural landscapes. While this approach
may offer a short-term solution to the growing demand for accommodation, I strongly believe
that its drawbacks far exceed its benefits.

On the one hand, constructing additional housing in urban areas is a logical response to
increasing overcrowding. With rising migration to cities in search of employment and a better
standard of living, the demand for affordable housing has surged. Repurposing undeveloped
land, including parks and natural areas, is often viewed as an efficient use of space. Additionally,
housing projects can stimulate economic growth by generating employment opportunities and
boosting municipal revenue through property taxes.

On the other hand, the adverse effects of diminishing urban greenery are substantial and long-
lasting. Green spaces are essential for maintaining air quality, reducing urban heat, and
promoting the mental and physical well-being of residents. The removal of such areas not only
exacerbates pollution and noise levels but also detracts from the aesthetic and livability of the
urban environment. More critically, the destruction of natural habitats results in irreversible
biodiversity loss. In the long run, limited access to nature may contribute to higher levels of
stress, depression, and other mental health challenges among urban dwellers.

In conclusion, although the construction of new housing is necessary to accommodate expanding

urban populations, doing so at the expense of natural areas is ultimately detrimental. The long-
term consequences—environmental degradation, reduced biodiversity, and declining quality of
life—greatly outweigh the immediate advantages of increased housing availability.

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Test 32
Task 1: The bar chart shows the production by weight of four types of fruit in
one Australian state in 1996, 2006 and 2015.

The bar chart presents data on the production volume (in million kilograms) of four types of
fruit—orange, apple, pear, and peach—in a particular Australian state between 1995 and 2015.

Overall, while the production of apples, oranges, and peaches showed a steady increase over the
period, pear production declined consistently. Apples emerged as the most produced fruit in the
later years, whereas pears, which initially had the highest output, experienced a notable drop.

In 1995, pear production was the highest among all fruit types, reaching approximately 130
million kg. However, this figure declined significantly to 100 million kg in 2005 and further
dropped to around 90 million kg by 2015. In contrast, apple production started at about 80
million kg and rose steadily, reaching 110 million kg in 2005 and peaking at 120 million kg by
the end of the period.

Orange production followed a similar upward trend, increasing from 70 million kg in 1995 to 80
million kg in 2005, and then to 90 million kg in 2015. Peach production, which began at the
lowest figure of around 40 million kg in 1995, rose gradually to 60 million kg in 2005 and ended
at approximately 70 million kg in 2015.

In summary, apple production overtook other fruits after 1995 and remained dominant, while
pear production experienced a consistent decline. Meanwhile, oranges and peaches demonstrated
moderate but steady growth over the 20-year span.

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Task 2: Research has shown that the transportation of products and people are
the main source of pollution. Some people believe government should be in
charge of this, while others believe it is the fault of individuals. Discuss both
views and give your opinion.

There is ongoing debate about whether the transportation of goods and people is the primary
driver of environmental pollution. While some argue that governments should bear full
responsibility for addressing these issues, others contend that individuals must also contribute to
environmental preservation.

Undoubtedly, the management of pollution and other ecological challenges lies largely with
governments. For example, fuel-powered vehicles have historically been a major contributor to
air pollution, despite their role in supporting economic development. However, advancements in
technology have led to the emergence of electric vehicles, which are not only more
environmentally friendly but also cost-effective, relying on electricity rather than fossil fuels.
Consequently, governments should enact regulations to phase out outdated, polluting vehicles
and promote the adoption of cleaner alternatives. Such policies would contribute significantly to
reducing emissions and improving public health.

Nevertheless, individuals also have a crucial role to play, as everyday human activities directly
affect the environment. People can make a difference by adopting sustainable habits, such as
recycling, minimizing waste, and opting for public transportation over private cars. Moreover,
many countries host community initiatives that involve local residents in environmental efforts.
For instance, volunteer groups often organize monthly clean-up drives to remove litter such as
plastic bottles from public spaces, which not only enhances the local environment but also
fosters greater environmental awareness among participants.

In conclusion, I believe that environmental protection should be a shared responsibility between

governments and citizens. Through joint efforts and mutual accountability, meaningful progress
can be made toward creating a cleaner, more sustainable world for future generations.

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Test 33
Task 1: The diagram below shows a simple method of filtering and storing water
for household use.

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The diagrams illustrate a simple household water filtration and storage system, showing both its
structural components and the step-by-step filtration process.

Overall, the system is composed of a cylindrical metal container containing various layers of
filtration materials. It relies solely on gravity and does not require electricity, making it suitable
for use in residential areas without power access. The process involves filtering water through
sand and small stones before storing it in the lower part of the container.

In the first diagram, the physical design of the system is shown. The main structure is a metal
cylinder labeled "200 time," which may refer to its usage capacity or lifespan. At the top of the
container, an inlet pipe allows untreated water to enter. Inside the container, there are two
distinct layers of filtration material: a layer of sand followed by a layer of small stones. At the
bottom of the system is a perforated pipe that collects the filtered water. An outlet pipe then
channels the clean water out for household use.

The second diagram illustrates how the system operates. As water enters through the inlet, it first
passes through the sand layer, which removes larger particles and sediments. It then flows
through the layer of small stones, which filter out finer impurities. The clean water then collects
in the perforated pipe and exits through the outlet. The entire process functions without any
mechanical force, relying entirely on gravity.

The label "200 time" may also imply that the container serves a dual function—not only as a
filter but also as a storage unit, with the bottom section possibly used to store the clean water.
This compact and energy-efficient design makes it ideal for household outdoor use, especially in
rural or low-resource settings.

Task 2: Historical objects in museums all over the world should be returned to
their country of origin. To what extend do you agree or disagree?

There is an ongoing debate over whether historical artefacts should be returned to the countries
in which they were originally created. In my view, these items should indeed be returned, as
doing so would serve as a symbolic gesture of reparation for past injustices committed during
eras of conquest and colonization.

Some argue that returning ancient artefacts is unnecessary and potentially harmful. They claim
that transporting fragile items poses a risk to their preservation. Moreover, they suggest that the
modern nations that now exist may have little cultural continuity with the civilizations that
produced these objects. For example, many artefacts from Ancient Greece may represent a
society vastly different from contemporary Greece. In this sense, it is argued that keeping the
items in their current location, often in well-maintained museums, is more appropriate than
returning them to a place where their cultural relevance may no longer exist in the same form.

However, it is important to recognize that many of these artefacts were removed under
exploitative conditions, often during periods of colonization and war. These objects were not
given freely but were taken through force or deceit, and their continued possession by foreign
institutions perpetuates a legacy of cultural appropriation and historical injustice. A prominent

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example is the British Museum, which houses countless items acquired during the colonial era,
many of which were taken from countries in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Returning such
items would not only restore cultural heritage to its rightful place but would also represent a
meaningful step toward reconciliation.

In conclusion, while concerns over preservation and cultural relevance are understandable, they
do not outweigh the moral imperative to return artefacts that were obtained through illegitimate
means. In a world that values justice and historical accountability, repatriating these items to
their countries of origin is both appropriate and necessary.

Test 34
Task 1: Plan A below shows the ground floor of a particular art gallery in 2005.
Plan B shows the same area in present day

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The maps illustrate the changes made to the layout of an art gallery's ground floor between 2005
and the present day.

Overall, while the right-hand side of the layout has remained largely unchanged, significant
modifications have been made to the left-hand and central areas, particularly with regard to
visitor accessibility and functional spaces.

In 2005, the southwestern section of the gallery was occupied by an exhibition room. This area
has since been converted into an interactive space designed specifically for children. The gallery
office, which was located in the upper-left part of the plan, has been replaced by a temporary
exhibition area. Additionally, the café and shop that once occupied the northwest corner have
been restructured into a dedicated gallery shop alongside several vending machines.

Notable changes have also occurred in the central upper area of the map. A lift has been installed
next to the existing stairs, enhancing accessibility to the upper level. The reception desk, which
was previously positioned on the right side, has been moved to the center of the floor plan, now
accompanied by a newly added entrance hall directly above it. To further improve access, a
wheelchair ramp has been introduced to the right of the entrance, providing an alternative to the
steps located on the left-hand side.

In contrast, the right-hand portion of the ground floor has remained intact over the years,
continuing to accommodate three exhibition rooms in their original positions.

Task 2: In many countries, people like to eat a wider variety of food than can be
grown in their local area. As a result, much of the food people eat today has to
come from other region. Do you think the advantages of this development
outweigh the disadvantages?

In many countries around the world, people prefer to consume meals from other regions of the
country rather than locally produced food. In my opinion, the drawbacks of this trend outweigh
the benefits.

One major disadvantage is the high cost of procuring food from other regions. Meals prepared in
distant areas must be carefully packed and transported, which incurs significant costs. This
includes not only the wages of workers involved in packaging and ensuring quality standards but
also transportation costs. For example, freight charges for a one-way delivery typically amount
to $100, which can become prohibitively expensive for individuals who wish to regularly
consume such foods.

Another disadvantage is the negative impact on local businesses. As people increasingly choose
to purchase food from outside their area, local farmers and restaurants suffer financial losses.
The demand for locally produced food declines, forcing local producers to sell at unprofitable
prices. A case in point is when KFC entered the Indian market: many local fast-food chains
could not compete, resulting in the closure of numerous small businesses.

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However, there is one advantage to consuming food from different regions—it allows people to
experience diverse cuisines. For instance, many large shopping malls now have dedicated food
courts offering a variety of international dishes, allowing consumers to enjoy Chinese, Arabic, or
Western foods all in one place. The Jackson Food Court in Adriana Mall, for example, boasts
over a thousand food stalls, attracting large crowds, particularly during weekends when Chinese
restaurants are especially popular.

In conclusion, while consuming food from other regions can offer diverse culinary experiences,
it also comes with significant drawbacks, including high costs and negative impacts on local
businesses. Therefore, I believe that the disadvantages of this trend outweigh its advantages.

Test 35
Task 1: The table below gives information and predictions about trends in the
percentage of the population aged 65 and over in three different countries.

Country 1980 2000 2030

Canada 9.51 14.61 22.39

Germany 15.51 20.35 25.82

UK 14.87 14.61 19.24

The table presents data on the proportion of people aged 65 and over in Canada, Germany, and
the UK in 1980 and 2000, along with projections for the year 2030.

Overall, all three countries experienced and are expected to continue experiencing a growth in
the percentage of elderly people. Among them, Germany consistently recorded and is forecast to
maintain the highest proportion, while Canada is predicted to see the most significant rise over
the period.

In 1980, Germany had the largest elderly population, with 15.51%, followed by the UK at
14.87%, and Canada at 9.51%. By 2000, the figure for Germany had risen to 20.35%, whereas
the percentage in Canada had also grown significantly to 14.61%, equalling that of the UK,
which remained unchanged.

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Looking ahead to 2030, Germany is forecast to retain its leading position at 25.82%. Canada is
projected to overtake the UK, reaching 22.39%, while the UK’s figure will increase more
modestly to 19.24%.

Task 2: In many countries today more and more food and drink is sold in plastic
containers. Do you think the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?

In recent years, the widespread use of plastic containers to package food and beverages has
become increasingly common in many parts of the world. While this trend offers undeniable
convenience and efficiency for both consumers and producers, I firmly believe that its
environmental drawbacks far outweigh the benefits. This essay will discuss both sides before
concluding that the disadvantages are more significant.

On the one hand, plastic packaging provides numerous practical advantages. Its lightweight and
durable nature makes transportation and storage considerably easier and more cost-effective. For
example, plastic bottles and food trays are cheaper to manufacture and ship compared to glass or
metal alternatives. Additionally, plastic containers help prolong shelf life and protect products
from contamination, which is particularly valuable in areas with limited access to refrigeration or
advanced food preservation methods. These features enhance food safety and distribution
efficiency on a large scale.

On the other hand, the environmental consequences of plastic packaging are alarming. Plastic
takes centuries to decompose and often ends up polluting landfills and oceans. Marine animals
frequently ingest plastic debris, leading to fatal consequences and long-term damage to aquatic
ecosystems. Furthermore, the production of plastic is energy-intensive and contributes
significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, intensifying climate change. While recycling exists as
a solution, the global recycling rate for plastic remains low, and much of it is either non-
recyclable or improperly processed, exacerbating the waste crisis.

In conclusion, although plastic containers offer convenience and enhanced food safety, the
environmental harm they cause is far more substantial and long-lasting. Therefore, I believe that
the disadvantages of this trend clearly outweigh its advantages, and more sustainable alternatives
should be actively pursued.

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Test 36
Task 1: The chart below gives information about the weather for Glasgow, a city
in Scotland.

The charts provide information on the weather patterns in Glasgow, Scotland, illustrating
average monthly temperatures, rainfall, and sunshine duration throughout the year.

Overall, the city experiences its highest temperatures and most sunshine in the summer months,
while rainfall remains relatively stable but peaks in the winter. The warmest and sunniest period
is clearly from May to August, whereas the coldest and least sunny months occur in winter.

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Regarding temperature, both the minimum and maximum figures rise gradually from January,
peaking in July at approximately 12°C (minimum) and 19°C (maximum), before declining
steadily to their lowest points in December and January. During the colder months, minimum
temperatures drop to around 1°C, and maximums stay below 6°C.

As for rainfall, Glasgow receives the most precipitation in winter, with December recording the
highest amount at 12.5 cm, followed closely by October and January at 12 cm and 11 cm
respectively. The driest months are May and June, both with only 6 to 6.5 cm of rainfall.

In terms of sunshine, daylight hours are shortest in January and December, with only 1 hour per
day. Sunshine increases significantly in the summer, peaking in May and August at 5.5 to 6
hours, and reaching the highest in September at 15 hours per day.

Task 2: In many parts of the world, children are given more freedom than in the
past. Is this a positive or negative development?

In contemporary society, children in many regions enjoy significantly more freedom than those
of previous generations. This shift has sparked debate regarding whether this development is
beneficial or detrimental. In my view, although increased freedom may expose children to
certain risks, it is largely a positive trend that fosters independence, creativity, and confidence.

One of the primary advantages of greater freedom is that it encourages children to become more
self-reliant. Unlike in the past, where strict parenting often limited children’s autonomy, today’s
youth are allowed to explore their interests, make decisions, and learn from their mistakes. This
promotes the development of critical life skills such as problem-solving, time management, and
resilience. For instance, children who are trusted to manage their own study schedules or
participate in extracurricular activities without constant supervision often grow up to be more
responsible and capable adults.

Furthermore, increased freedom nurtures creativity and innovation. When children are not
confined to rigid rules or traditional paths, they are more likely to experiment, express
themselves, and think outside the box. Many tech entrepreneurs, artists, and thought leaders
today attribute their success to a childhood environment that encouraged exploration rather than
restriction. In contrast, overly controlled children may struggle with decision-making and fear
failure, which can hinder personal and academic growth.

However, it is important to acknowledge that unregulated freedom can be harmful if not

balanced with guidance. Some children may misuse their liberty, leading to excessive screen
time, poor academic performance, or negative peer influence. Nevertheless, these issues are
typically the result of inadequate parenting, rather than the concept of freedom itself.

In conclusion, while unrestricted freedom can carry certain risks, granting children more
autonomy is, overall, a positive development. It empowers young people to grow into well-
rounded, confident, and capable individuals, provided that appropriate boundaries and support
systems are in place.

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Test 37
Task 1: The diagram below shows the differences between tropical mountains and
temperate mountains in different altitudes.

The diagram compares the altitudinal zones of tropical and temperate mountains, highlighting
differences in vegetation and climatic conditions at varying elevations.

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Overall, both types of mountains exhibit similar vertical zonation in terms of vegetation types,
but tropical mountains have a much greater altitudinal range, with distinctive warm and
temperate zones not found in temperate mountains. In contrast, temperate mountains have fewer
but more condensed ecological zones.

In tropical mountains, the base (0–1000 meters) is known as the warm zone, suitable for tropical
crops. From 1000 to 2000 meters lies the temperate zone, which supports coffee plantations.
Between 2000 and 3000 meters is the cool zone, where grain cultivation is possible. The forest
region extends from approximately 3000 to 4000 meters, above which alpine vegetation appears
until the permanent snow line around 5000 meters.

In temperate mountains, the ecological zones begin at a higher elevation and are more
compressed. The cool zone, suitable for grains and root vegetables, lies below 5000 feet. Broad-
leaf trees grow up to this point, while spruce trees are found just below the alpine meadows.
Alpine vegetation exists above the limit for spruce and reaches the permanent snow line at
around 11,000 feet.

Task 2: Some people think that the benefit of international cooperation is the protection
of the environment, while others believe that businesses mainly benefit. Discuss both
views and give your own opinion.

International cooperation has become increasingly vital in addressing global challenges. While
some argue that its main benefit lies in environmental protection, others contend that it primarily
serves the interests of businesses. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting
my view that although commercial gains are notable, the greatest value of international
collaboration lies in its role in safeguarding the planet.

On the one hand, international partnerships are instrumental in advancing environmental efforts.
Climate change, deforestation, and pollution are problems that transcend borders and therefore
require joint action. Agreements such as the Paris Climate Accord demonstrate how nations can
work together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and commit to sustainability goals. Without
international frameworks and monitoring systems, individual countries may lack the resources or
motivation to act effectively. Hence, cooperation encourages accountability, technology transfer,
and resource-sharing, which are critical for protecting the environment on a global scale.

On the other hand, it is undeniable that multinational companies and global trade have benefited
immensely from cross-border collaboration. International treaties often facilitate the removal of
trade barriers, enhance investment flows, and create stable regulatory environments that attract
corporate expansion. For example, free trade agreements between countries not only boost
export-import activities but also allow large corporations to access cheaper labor or raw
materials, leading to increased profits. From this viewpoint, it is businesses—not the
environment—that are the primary beneficiaries.

In my opinion, although businesses do gain substantial advantages from international

cooperation, the most profound and long-term benefit is environmental protection. A healthy
planet is a prerequisite for any sustainable economic activity. Without collective environmental

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action, climate disasters, resource scarcity, and ecological collapse would ultimately undermine
both national economies and international commerce.

In conclusion, while global cooperation does stimulate business growth, its greatest contribution
is its ability to unite countries in tackling environmental challenges that no nation can solve
alone. Therefore, I believe that environmental protection remains the most valuable outcome of
international collaboration.

Test 38
Task 1: The first chart below shows information about the consumers of water in
Australia in 2004. The second chart gives details of residential water use in Australia in
the same year.

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The two charts illustrate the distribution of water consumption in Australia in 2004, with the first
chart breaking down the types of consumers and the second focusing on residential water use.

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Overall, residential areas consumed the vast majority of water, with individual houses accounting
for a significantly larger share than apartments. Within households, water was used primarily for
gardening and bathing.

According to the first chart, residential usage made up 70% of total water consumption in
Australia, making it by far the largest category. Within this segment, houses accounted for 53%
while apartments represented 17%. The remaining 30% was divided among industrial (11%),
business (10%), government (6%), and other uses (3%).

Turning to the second chart, gardens were the most water-consuming aspect of residential life,
accounting for 28% of total residential usage. This was closely followed by bathrooms, which
made up 27%. Washing clothes consumed 20%, while toilets and kitchens used 15% and 10%
respectively.

Task 2: Detailed descriptions of crimes in newspapers and on TV can have bad

consequences for society, so this kind of information should be restricted in the media.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

In an age of instant communication, media outlets often broadcast detailed accounts of criminal
activity. While some argue that such information should be restricted due to its potentially
harmful effects on society, I believe that complete censorship is unnecessary. Instead, the media
should exercise responsibility in reporting, balancing public awareness with ethical
considerations.

On the one hand, unrestricted crime reporting can negatively influence society. Graphic
descriptions and sensationalized headlines may instill fear in the public and distort perceptions of
safety. Moreover, detailed accounts of violent or criminal methods may unintentionally serve as
a “how-to” guide for potential offenders. For instance, repeated media coverage of school
shootings or terrorist attacks has, in some cases, inspired copycat crimes. Such risks underline
the need for responsible filtering of content.

However, I disagree with the notion that crime reporting should be broadly restricted.
Transparency and public awareness are essential components of a democratic society. Media
coverage of crimes can serve as a deterrent, highlight systemic issues such as police misconduct
or corruption, and encourage public vigilance. For example, investigative journalism has often
brought to light criminal networks or abuses of power that would have otherwise gone unnoticed.
Restricting this information might not only violate press freedom but also erode the public’s right
to be informed.

In my view, the solution lies not in censorship but in ethical journalism. News organizations
should adopt guidelines that avoid glorifying violence or providing excessive details that could
inspire imitation. Simultaneously, they should ensure accurate, balanced reporting that serves the
public interest without compromising safety.

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In conclusion, although detailed descriptions of crimes can cause harm if misused, banning such
content altogether would do more harm than good. A responsible, regulated media approach is
more appropriate than outright restriction.

Test 39
Task 1: The diagram below shows the stages in making a storage area from a material
called concrete canvas.

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The diagram illustrates the process of constructing a storage area using a special material called
concrete canvas.

Overall, the process consists of eight stages, beginning with the manufacturing of the canvas and
ending with its practical use as a storage facility.

The first step is manufacturing, where three layers are combined: a waterproof plastic base, dry
concrete fibre in the middle, and a top layer that allows water to pass through. Once the canvas is
produced, it is delivered to the intended location in compact packages by truck.

In the third stage, the canvas is unwrapped, and in the fourth, it is unfolded over a flat surface to
form a cover roughly 10 metres in length, secured to the ground using ropes and pegs. Following
this, in step five, the structure is inflated with air using a pump until it reaches a height of about
2.5 metres.

The sixth step involves hydrating the canvas by spraying water onto the inflated structure. Once
this is done, the material is left to set and harden over a period of 20 to 24 hours. In the final
stage, the hardened dome-shaped structure is ready for use as a storage space, capable of
sheltering goods or equipment.

Task 2: Increasing amounts of plastic waste are polluting cities, the countryside and the
oceans. What are the problems caused by plastic waste? What measures should be taken
to address it?

Plastic waste has become one of the most pressing environmental concerns of the modern era, as
it continues to contaminate urban areas, rural landscapes, and marine ecosystems. This essay will
examine the serious problems caused by plastic pollution and propose practical measures to
mitigate its impact.

One major problem is the long-lasting nature of plastic. Unlike organic waste, plastic takes
hundreds of years to decompose, leading to a significant accumulation in landfills, rivers, and
oceans. This accumulation harms wildlife, particularly marine animals, which often mistake
plastic for food. For example, sea turtles and seabirds have been found with stomachs full of
plastic debris, leading to death by starvation. In cities, plastic waste clogs drainage systems,
causing flooding and health risks. In rural and agricultural areas, plastic bags scattered across
fields hinder crop growth and soil quality.

To tackle these issues, several measures should be implemented. First and foremost,
governments should enforce stricter regulations on plastic production and usage, especially
single-use items. For instance, banning plastic bags and promoting biodegradable alternatives
can significantly reduce waste. Secondly, public awareness campaigns are essential to educate
citizens on the environmental consequences of plastic and encourage recycling. Schools, media,
and local communities can play a pivotal role in shifting consumer behavior. Finally, investment
in advanced waste management and recycling infrastructure can help ensure that plastic is
properly processed and reused, rather than ending up in the environment.

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In conclusion, plastic waste poses serious threats to ecosystems, public health, and infrastructure.
However, through coordinated efforts involving regulation, education, and technological
improvements, these problems can be effectively addressed.

Test 40
Task 1: The diagram below shows the process of making jam. Summarise the
information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

The diagram illustrates the process involved in making jam, starting from raw fruit and ending
with consumption.

Overall, the procedure consists of several stages, including preparation, cooking, storage, and
eventual use.

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The process begins with 4 kilograms of fruit being washed under running water. The clean fruit
is then mashed using a masher to create a smoother texture suitable for cooking.

In the next stage, the mashed fruit is transferred to a pot, where it is mixed with 2 tablespoons of
peanuts, a quarter cup of sugar, and 1 cup of water. This mixture is then heated at a high
temperature for 10 minutes. After this initial heating, an additional 2 cups of sugar and 4 cups of
water are added. The mixture continues to be cooked at high heat for another 30 minutes to allow
it to thicken and form jam.

Once cooking is complete, the hot jam is poured into separate containers. These containers are
then sealed with lids and left to sit for one hour to cool and set properly. The final product is
ready to be consumed, often during breakfast by a family, as depicted in the diagram.

Task 2: Everyone should stay at school until they reach the age of 18. To what extent do
you agree or disagree?

Education is widely regarded as the foundation for individual development and societal progress.
Some people argue that students should remain in school until they turn 18. I fully agree with
this view, as remaining in formal education until adulthood provides crucial academic, social,
and emotional benefits that are difficult to obtain elsewhere.

Firstly, staying in school until the age of 18 ensures that individuals acquire a well-rounded
education. Core subjects such as mathematics, science, and language skills are essential not only
for further academic pursuits but also for functioning effectively in daily life and the modern
workplace. Without completing secondary education, students may struggle with limited career
prospects and become more vulnerable to unemployment or underemployment.

Secondly, schools offer more than just academic knowledge—they also foster social
development. Teenagers gain valuable experience through interactions with peers and teachers,
learning teamwork, discipline, and problem-solving. These skills are vital for success in adult
life, regardless of the chosen career path. Moreover, school environments provide structure and
supervision during a time when adolescents are prone to risk-taking behaviors. Without this
guidance, early school leavers may be more likely to engage in antisocial or criminal activity.

Of course, some individuals may argue that not all students thrive in traditional academic
settings. Vocational training or apprenticeships may be more suitable for certain students.
However, such pathways can and should be integrated within the school system itself, ensuring
that students still benefit from a supportive and regulated environment until they reach maturity.

In conclusion, requiring all students to stay in school until the age of 18 is a policy that promotes
both personal and social well-being. It equips young people with the knowledge and life skills
needed to contribute meaningfully to society, and I strongly support this approach.

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Test 41
Task 1: The table below shows the salaries of secondary/high school teachers in
2009. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,
and make comparisons where relevant.

The table compares the salaries of secondary or high school teachers in five countries in 2009,
including starting salary, salary after 15 years, and the maximum salary, along with the number
of years required to reach the maximum level.

Overall, Luxembourg offered the highest teacher salaries in all categories, while Australia had
the lowest maximum salary. Although Korea and Japan provided moderate starting salaries,
teachers in these countries had to wait the longest to reach the top of the pay scale.

At the beginning of their careers, teachers in Luxembourg earned by far the most, at $80,000,
followed by Denmark ($45,000) and Japan ($34,000). In contrast, Australian and Korean
teachers started with relatively low salaries, at $28,000 and $30,000 respectively.

After 15 years, Luxembourg teachers still earned significantly more ($119,000) than their
counterparts in Japan ($65,000) and Korea ($48,000), while teachers in Australia and Denmark
earned the same amount ($48,000 and $54,000 respectively).

In terms of the maximum salary, Luxembourg again led with $132,000, while Japan and Korea
offered $86,000 and $62,000 respectively. Denmark and Australia had the lowest top salaries,
both at $54,000 and $48,000, but they were also the quickest to reach the ceiling, in 8 and 9
years. In contrast, teachers in Korea and Japan needed 34 and 37 years to reach their peak
earnings.

Task 2: Some people think that there could be more benefits to society if more people
studied business than history. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

As the global economy becomes increasingly competitive, some argue that society would benefit
more if a greater number of people pursued business studies instead of history. While I

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acknowledge the practical value of business education, I believe that both disciplines contribute
uniquely to societal development, and prioritizing one over the other would be misguided.

On the one hand, studying business equips individuals with skills that are highly applicable in
today’s job market. Business education fosters entrepreneurship, financial literacy, and strategic
thinking, all of which are essential for economic growth and innovation. For instance, successful
startups and corporations often emerge from individuals with business knowledge who create
jobs and stimulate investment. Therefore, having more business-educated citizens can directly
enhance a country’s productivity and global competitiveness.

However, the importance of history should not be underestimated. Understanding the past helps
societies avoid repeating previous mistakes and provides insight into current political, cultural,
and social dynamics. Historical awareness promotes critical thinking, empathy, and civic
responsibility. For example, studying the causes and consequences of world wars or colonialism
helps younger generations appreciate peace, justice, and the need for international cooperation. A
society without historical understanding may lack identity, cohesion, and ethical grounding.

In my view, a balanced approach is most beneficial. Business education drives progress, while
historical knowledge provides moral and contextual depth. Modern societies need innovative
entrepreneurs as much as they need thoughtful citizens who understand the values and struggles
that shaped their nations.

In conclusion, while business studies offer tangible economic advantages, history remains vital
for social integrity and long-term perspective. Therefore, I disagree with the notion that studying
business should take precedence over history; both fields serve distinct and equally important
purposes in a well-rounded society.

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Test 42
Task 1: The charts below show the percentage of males and females enjoying the
leisure time from 1996 to 2006, and the percentage of males and females going to
different places in 2006.

The two bar charts illustrate the percentage of men and women who enjoyed leisure time
between 1996 and 2006, as well as the types of places they visited in 2006.

Overall, while the proportion of both males and females engaging in leisure activities declined
over the decade, men consistently reported higher participation than women. In 2006, both
genders preferred going to cinemas and shopping malls more than other entertainment venues,
though their preferences differed in specific categories.

In 1996, approximately 80% of men enjoyed leisure time, compared to around 60% of women.
Over the following ten years, this percentage dropped gradually for both genders. By 2006, male
participation had fallen to about 60%, while female participation decreased to just under 50%.

Turning to the second chart, which displays preferences in 2006, the most popular destinations
for both sexes were cinemas and shopping malls. Around 30% of men went to the cinema, while
just under 30% of women visited shopping malls. A higher proportion of men than women went
to sports centers and pubs, whereas women were more likely to go to cafes. Museums and
libraries were the least visited places for both genders, with only around 10–15% attendance.

Task 2: Some people think technological development decreases crime, while others
believe it encourages crime. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

The impact of technological development on crime has sparked ongoing debate. While some
argue that advancements in technology help reduce criminal activities, others believe that it
actually facilitates new forms of crime. This essay will examine both perspectives before
presenting my own view that, although technology can be misused, its overall effect is to
enhance crime prevention and law enforcement.

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On the one hand, it is true that modern technology has enabled new types of crime to emerge.
Cybercrime is a prime example, where criminals exploit the internet to commit identity theft,
online fraud, or data breaches. In addition, technological tools such as encrypted messaging apps
and cryptocurrencies have made it easier for criminals to conceal their activities and evade law
enforcement. For instance, many organized crime groups now use the dark web to conduct illicit
transactions anonymously, making detection and investigation more difficult.

On the other hand, technological advancements have also provided powerful tools to combat
crime. Surveillance systems, facial recognition, and GPS tracking have significantly improved
the ability of authorities to monitor, detect, and prevent criminal behavior. Furthermore, digital
forensics and big data analysis allow law enforcement agencies to gather evidence more
efficiently and solve crimes faster. For example, CCTV footage and automated license plate
readers are now widely used to catch offenders and deter unlawful acts.

In conclusion, while technology can be used to facilitate crime, its benefits in crime detection
and prevention outweigh the risks. Therefore, I believe that technological development plays a
crucial role in enhancing public safety when effectively managed.

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Test 43
Task 1: The chart below shows the donations given to six different types of charity
by one company from 2012 to 2014

The bar chart compares the amount of money donated by a company to six different types of
charity over a three-year period from 2012 to 2014.

Overall, social welfare consistently received the highest amount of donations, while the arts
sector was the least funded throughout the period. Although most categories experienced slight
fluctuations, there was a general upward trend in donations by 2014.

In 2012, social welfare charities received just over $20,000, which increased steadily to around
$25,000 by 2014, making it the largest recipient each year. Education and environmental
charities both received roughly $7,000 in 2012, with education remaining stable and
environmental causes seeing a minor increase to just under $8,000 in 2014.

Health-related charities witnessed a slight rise in funding, from approximately $6,000 in 2012 to
around $8,000 by 2014. Meanwhile, wildlife organizations received modest increases each year,
starting from $3,000 in 2012 and reaching approximately $5,000 by 2014.

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Lastly, arts charities remained the least funded sector, though donations still rose from about
$2,000 in 2012 to around $4,000 in 2014, doubling over the period despite being comparatively
low.

Task 2: Some people believe that robots are important to humans’ future development,
while others think that they are a dangerous invention that will impact society negatively.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Robots are increasingly integrated into many aspects of human life, raising both excitement and
concern about their future role. While some people argue that robots will greatly benefit
humanity, others fear they may bring significant harm. This essay will discuss both viewpoints
before explaining why I believe the advantages of robotics outweigh the drawbacks if managed
responsibly.

On the one hand, robots offer immense potential for advancing human progress. In healthcare,
robotic-assisted surgeries allow for greater precision, faster recovery, and reduced risk. In
manufacturing and logistics, automation has significantly improved efficiency and reduced
human error. Furthermore, robots are increasingly used in dangerous environments—such as
disaster zones, deep oceans, or outer space—where human presence would be too risky.
Supporters argue that by taking over repetitive or hazardous tasks, robots can free humans to
focus on innovation and creativity.

On the other hand, critics worry that the rise of robotics could lead to mass unemployment and
loss of human skills. As machines replace workers in both manual and cognitive roles, entire
industries could be disrupted. Moreover, there are ethical concerns about the over-reliance on
machines, particularly in decision-making processes involving human lives, such as military
drones or autonomous vehicles. In extreme scenarios, some fear that advanced artificial
intelligence might evolve beyond human control, posing an existential threat to society.

In conclusion, while robots have the potential to create social and ethical challenges, their
contributions to safety, productivity, and innovation are too significant to ignore. With
responsible development, I believe robots will play a crucial role in shaping a better future.

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Test 44
Task 1: The plans below show a small park in 1980 and the park now

The two maps compare the layout of a small park in 1980 with how it looks now.

Overall, the park has been significantly modernized and repurposed to accommodate more
leisure and recreational activities, while preserving some of its original natural features.

In 1980, the park was surrounded by a wall, with a main entrance gate on the southern side. The
central area featured a pond with a surrounding footpath, while trees lined the entire northern and
eastern borders. Two flower beds, each with symmetrical designs, were located on both sides of
the path leading from the gate to the pond.

In the current layout, many features have changed. The flower beds have been removed, and the
southern side now has a seating area with benches, picnic tables, and even barbecue facilities.

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The pond remains, but a new bush area has been added next to it. Additionally, a large open area
for physical activity has replaced the eastern trees, likely intended for sports. The wall and gate
have been removed, creating a more open and accessible space.

Task 2: The key to solving environmental problems is simple, present generations must
be willing to accept a less comfortable life for the sake of future generations. Do you
agree or disagree?

Environmental problems such as climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss are among the
most urgent challenges facing humanity. Some people argue that the solution lies in the current
generation’s willingness to sacrifice comfort for the benefit of future generations. While this idea
holds some truth, I believe that solving environmental problems requires more than just personal
sacrifice—it demands systemic change and innovation.

On the one hand, reducing personal consumption and embracing a less convenient lifestyle can
have a positive environmental impact. For example, people who choose to walk or cycle instead
of drive reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Similarly, minimizing the use of
single-use plastics or reducing meat consumption can significantly decrease waste and
environmental degradation. If more individuals adopted such habits, the cumulative effect could
be substantial. Moreover, accepting a simpler lifestyle sends a powerful message to policymakers
and corporations, pressuring them to act responsibly.

However, it is unrealistic and insufficient to place the entire burden of environmental protection
on individuals. Structural change at the governmental and corporate levels is essential. Investing
in renewable energy, improving public transportation, regulating industrial emissions, and
promoting sustainable agriculture are far more effective in tackling large-scale environmental
issues. For instance, countries like Sweden and Germany have achieved impressive
environmental progress not by reducing comfort, but by investing in clean technologies and
enforcing strong environmental policies.

In conclusion, while individuals can contribute to environmental preservation by adjusting their

lifestyles, the idea that personal sacrifice alone is the key solution is overly simplistic. Real
progress depends on a combination of individual responsibility and bold, systemic reform led by
governments and industries.

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Test 45
Task 1: The charts below give information about the age of visitors from the UK
to Spain in 1983 and in 2003.

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The two pie charts compare the age distribution of visitors from the UK to Spain in 1983 and
2003.

Overall, while middle-aged tourists (35–54 years) were the dominant age group in both years,
there were notable shifts among other age categories, particularly with a significant rise in older
visitors by 2003.

In 1983, people aged 35–54 made up half of the total visitors, making it the largest group by far.
The 25–34 age group followed at 20%, while those aged 55 and over accounted for 16%.
Children aged 0–15 comprised 10%, and 16–24-year-olds represented the smallest group at just
4%.

By 2003, the age profile of visitors had become more balanced. The proportion of 35–54-year-
olds fell to 35%, but they remained the largest group. Meanwhile, the percentage of older tourists
(55+) increased sharply to 26%, becoming the second-largest segment. The 16–24 age group also
saw a noticeable rise, growing from 4% to 15%. In contrast, the 25–34 category decreased
significantly to 12%, equaling the 0–15 age group, which had only a slight increase.

Task 2: In many countries, the popularity of pet ownership is increasing. While some
believe this trend benefits the economy and society, others argue it harms the
environment. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

In recent years, pet ownership has surged in popularity across many countries. While some argue
that this trend brings economic and social benefits, others contend that it contributes negatively
to the environment. This essay will examine both perspectives and provide relevant examples.

On the one hand, keeping pets offers numerous economic and social advantages. The pet care
industry boosts national economies through spending on food, grooming, toys, and veterinary
services. For instance, in the UK, pet-related businesses employ thousands of people and
generate billions in revenue annually. Additionally, pets provide emotional companionship,
reducing stress and improving mental health. A study by the American Heart Association found
that pet owners tend to have lower blood pressure and are less likely to suffer from depression,
particularly among elderly individuals or people living alone.

On the other hand, rising pet ownership can have negative consequences for the environment.
The production of pet food, especially meat-based products, contributes to deforestation,
greenhouse gas emissions, and overuse of water. For example, a large dog’s carbon footprint is
estimated to be comparable to that of a standard car. Moreover, single-use plastic packaging, pet
waste, and excessive energy use in pet care add to environmental pollution. In some countries,
such as Australia, feral cats descended from domestic pets have become invasive species,
threatening local biodiversity.

In conclusion, while there are valid environmental concerns regarding pet ownership, the overall
economic and emotional benefits it brings to society are substantial. Promoting eco-friendly
practices—such as adopting animals, using sustainable pet products, and minimizing waste—can
help reduce the ecological impact while preserving the advantages of having pets.

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Test 46
Task 1: The diagram below shows how paper is produced and recycled.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.

The diagram illustrates the process of paper production from raw wood and how used paper is
recycled.

Overall, the procedure consists of two main stages: the production of paper from trees and the
recycling of printed newspapers.

The process begins with the felling of trees, after which the logs are sent to a drum to remove the
bark. The debarked logs are then transferred to a wood chipper, where they are cut into small
pieces. These wood chippings are fed into a refiner, producing pulp, which is then processed in a
pulp press. After pressing, the pulp goes through rolling machines to form sheets of paper, which
are then used in newspaper printing.

The recycling process starts with the collection of used newspapers, which are delivered to a
facility for ink removal. After the ink is extracted, the recycled paper pulp is generated through a
pulping machine, which then links back to the production cycle and can be reused for printing
again.

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Task 2: Some people think secondary school students and high school students should be
allowed to choose academic courses leading to university or practical courses leading to
careers such as carpenters. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

There is growing debate about whether students in secondary and high school should be
permitted to choose between academic subjects aimed at university education and vocational
courses that lead to skilled professions. I strongly agree with this idea, as giving students more
freedom in shaping their future careers fosters motivation, suits diverse learning styles, and
addresses the real demands of the job market.

Allowing students to choose practical courses can provide them with a clear and immediate sense
of purpose. Many students are more inclined toward hands-on work rather than theoretical study,
and vocational training offers them a valuable pathway to success. For instance, in countries like
Germany, students can opt for dual education programs combining classroom learning with
apprenticeship training in trades such as carpentry, plumbing, or electrical work. This system not
only equips them with employable skills but also ensures a smoother transition into the
workforce.

Moreover, the traditional belief that academic pathways are superior has led to an oversupply of
university graduates and a shortage of skilled workers. Giving students the option to pursue
practical training would help balance the workforce and reduce youth unemployment. For
example, in Australia, vocational education and training (VET) has been credited with filling
gaps in construction, manufacturing, and aged care sectors, which are in high demand but often
overlooked by university-focused systems.

Critics may argue that students are too young to make informed career decisions. However, with
proper guidance and career counseling, students can be supported in making choices that align
with their interests and abilities. Education should empower individuals, not confine them to a
one-size-fits-all model.

In conclusion, offering students the choice between academic and vocational pathways is both
practical and necessary. It respects individual preferences, boosts employability, and strengthens
the labor market—benefits that a rigid academic-only system cannot fully deliver.

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