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Vector-02 Concise Notes

The document covers key concepts in vector physics, including parallel shifting, multiplication by a number, scalar multiplication, and the angle between vectors. It explains the triangle law of vector addition, the magnitude and direction of resultant vectors, and special cases such as perpendicular resultants and the resultants of equal vectors. Various formulas for calculating resultant vectors and their properties are also provided.

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1 views7 pages

Vector-02 Concise Notes

The document covers key concepts in vector physics, including parallel shifting, multiplication by a number, scalar multiplication, and the angle between vectors. It explains the triangle law of vector addition, the magnitude and direction of resultant vectors, and special cases such as perpendicular resultants and the resultants of equal vectors. Various formulas for calculating resultant vectors and their properties are also provided.

Uploaded by

aryamanpanda0726
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Physics

Vectors-02

Concepts Covered in the Class:


• Par alle l Shifting of Vect ors
• Multip licati on of a Vector by a Number
• Scalar M ultip lic ation of a Vec tor
• Angle between Vectors
• Triangle Law of Vect or Additi on
• Magnitude and Di rection of a Resultant Vect or
• Result ant of Two Vect ors
• Special C ase: Perp endicu lar R esultant
• Result ant of Two Equal Vectors

Parallel Shifting of Vectors


• A vector can be shi fted p arallel to itself with out
changing its valu e.
• Its magnitude and direct ion must r emain the s ame
during the shift.

📘 Master NCERT with PW Books A PP


[1]
Multiplication of a vector by a number
• Multip lying a vector by a p ositive number 'n' makes
its magnitude 'n' times, with the directi on unchange d.
• Multip lying a vect or by a ne gative numb er ' -n' makes
its magnitu de 'n' times, wit h the di recti on becoming
opposite.

Scalar Multiplication of a Vector


• Multip lying a vector by a scalar `k` scales its
magnitude by `|k|`.
• If `k` is p ositive , the directi on is the same; if `k` is
negative , the directi on is reversed.

📘 Master NCERT with PW Books A PP


[2]
Angle between Vector
• The angle betw een two vect ors is the smaller angle
when they are j oined t ail -t o- tail.
• The angle θ must be b etwee n 0° and 180° (0 ≤ θ ≤
180°).
• If vectors are joine d head -to-tail, shift one vector to
make them t ail-t o-tai l be for e measuring the angle.

📘 Master NCERT with PW Books A PP


[3]
Triangle Law of vector addition
• If two vect ors are represen ted by tw o sides of a
triangle in sequence , the th ird side in the opposite
directi on is the resultant.
• The resu ltant vector `R = A + B` is drawn from the
tail of vector `A` to th e head of vect or `B `.

Magnitude of resultant of A & B


• The magnitude of the resu ltant vect or `C` of two
vectors `A ` and `B` is: `C = √ (A² + B² + 2ABcos θ)`.
• The dir ection ` α` of the r esu ltant `C` with r espect to
vector `A` is given by: `t an α = (Bsin θ) / (A +
Bcos θ)`.
📘 Master NCERT with PW Books A PP
[4]
• In these f ormu las, ` θ` is th e angle b etween vect ors
`A` and `B`.

Resultant of Two Vectors


• The result ant of vect ors A and B is their vect or sum,
C = A + B.
• The magnitu de of th e resu lt ant is C = √(A² + B² +
2AB cos θ), where θ is the angle betwe en A and B.
• The direction is given by tan α = (Bsin θ) / (A +
Bcos θ), where α is the angle with vector A.

📘 Master NCERT with PW Books A PP


[5]
Special Case: Perpendicular Resultant
• If the resultant vect or C is perpendicular
(orthogonal) to vector A, the angle α is 90°.

📘 Master NCERT with PW Books A PP


[6]
Resultant of Two Equal Vectors
• The result ant (C) of tw o vectors with th e same
magnitude 'x' depen ds on the angle ( θ) betwe en
them.
• Key resu lts: C = 2x f or θ=0 °; C = x√3 for θ=60°; C
= x√2 f or θ=90°; C = x for θ=120°; C = 0 f or
θ=180°.

📘 Master NCERT with PW Books A PP


[7]

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