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Vector 05 Concise Notes

The document covers key concepts in physics related to vectors, including the dot product, properties of the dot product, and laws of vector addition such as the polygon and parallelogram laws. It explains how to calculate the dot product, the significance of unit vectors, and the direction of the resultant vector. Additionally, it discusses the inclination of the resultant vector in relation to the original vectors.

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2 views6 pages

Vector 05 Concise Notes

The document covers key concepts in physics related to vectors, including the dot product, properties of the dot product, and laws of vector addition such as the polygon and parallelogram laws. It explains how to calculate the dot product, the significance of unit vectors, and the direction of the resultant vector. Additionally, it discusses the inclination of the resultant vector in relation to the original vectors.

Uploaded by

aryamanpanda0726
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Physics

Vectors 05

Concepts Covered in the Class:


• Dot Product
• Dot Product of U nit Vectors
• Properties of Dot Product
• Pol ygon L aw of Vector Addition
• Parallel ogram L aw of Vector Addition
• Direction of Resul tant Vector

Dot product
• The dot p roduct of tw o vectors A and B is given by
the formul a: A . B = AB cos θ .

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[1]
• In component form, if A = A x i + A y j + A z k and B =
B x i + B y j + B z k, then A . B = A x B x + A y B y + A z
Bz.
• The angle ( θ) betw een tw o vectors can be found using
the formul a: cos θ = ( A . B) / AB.

Dot Product of Unit Vectors


• The dot p roduct of a unit vector with itsel f is 1.
F ormul a: i.i = j. j = k. k = 1.
• The dot p roduct of tw o different orthogonal unit
vectors is 0. Formul a: i.j = j.k = k.i = 0.

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[2]
Properties of Dot Product
• The dot product is commutative: A . B = B . A.
• The dot product is distributive over addition: A.(B+C)
= A. B + A.C.
• If two non -z ero vectors A and B are p erp endicul ar, their
dot p roduct is z ero ( A.B = 0).

Polygon Law of Vector Addition


• If vectors are rep resented by the sides of a p ol ygon in
order, the resul tant is the closing side in the op posite
order.

• If vectors arranged head -to-tail form a cl osed p ol ygon,


their resul tant is a zero (null ) vector.

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[3]
Laws of Vector Addition
• Triangl e L aw: If tw o vectors are represented by tw o
sides of a triangle in sequence, the third side in the
opp osite direction is the resul tant.
• Paral lel ogram L aw: If tw o vectors are adjacent sides of
a p arall el ogram, the diagonal from their common p oint
is the resul tant.

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[4]
• The other diagonal of the p arall el ogram represents the
difference betw een the tw o vectors.

Direction of Resultant Vector


• The angl e ( α) of the resul tant w ith vector A is given
by: tan α = (B sin θ) / ( A + B cos θ).
• The resul tant vector lies betw een t he tw o original
vectors and is inclined towards the vector with the
l arger magnitude.

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[5]
Resultant's Inclination
• The resul tant vector is alw ays cl oser to the vector with
the greater magnitude.
• If the magnitudes of tw o vectors are equal, their
resul tant bisects the angle between them.

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[6]

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