MA6L001 Mathematical Methods (Probability & Statistics)

Tutorial Sheet No. 2

The following TEN problems in bold face are considered for Assignment No. 2

1. If random samples of size three and drawn without replacement from the population consisting of four
numbers 4, 5, 5, 7. Find sample mean X for each sample and make sampling distribution of X. Calculate
the mean and standard deviation of this sampling distribution. Compare your calculations with population
parameters.

2. Assume that a school district has 10,000 6th graders. In this district, the average weight of a
6th grader is 80 pounds, with a standard deviation of 20 pounds. Suppose you draw a random
sample of 50 students. What is the probability that the average weight of a sampled student
will be less than 75 pounds?
3. Independent random samples of size n1 and n2 are taken from the normal populations N (µ1 , σ12 ) and N (µ2 , σ22 )
respectively. Write down the sampling distributions of X1 and X2 and hence determine the sampling distri-
bution of X1 − X2 , the difference between the sample means.

20
4. Let X1 , X2 , . . . , Xn be a random sample from normal distributed population with mean µ and variance σ 2 .
2
Let s2 be the sample variance. Prove that (n−1)sσ2 has χ2 distribution with n − 1 degrees of freedom.

9-
5. Assuming population to be N (µ, σ 2 ), show that sample variance is a consistent estimator for population
variance σ 2 .

estimators for p2 if it exists.

2 01
6. Let X1 , X2 , . . . , Xn be a random sample from binomial distribution B(1, p). Find an unbiased

7. Suppose that 200 independent observations X1 , X2 , . . . , X200 are obtained from random variable
200 200
er
X X
X. We are told that Xi = 300 and that Xi2 = 3754. Using these values obtain unbiased
i=1 i=1
estimates for E(X) and V ar(X).
t
es

8. Find the maximum likelihood estimator based on a sample of size n from the two sided exponential family
with pdf given as follows.
em

1
f (x) = e−|x−θ| , −∞<x<∞
2
Is the estimator unbiased?
IS

9. Using method of moments, find the estimators of the parameters for the following population distributions
(a) N (µ, σ 2 ) (b) B(n, p).

10. A random variable X has pdf

1 −|x−θ|
f (x) = e , −∞<x<∞ .
2
Obtain the ML estimates of θ based on a random sample X1 , X2 , . . . , Xn .
11. Consider a queueing system describe the number of telephone ongoing calls in the telephone.
The mean time of a queueing system is required to be at least 180 seconds. Past experience
indicates that the standard deviation of the talk time is 5 seconds. Consider a sample of 10
customers who reported the following talk time

Talk time 210 195 191 202 152 70 105 175 120 150

Would you conclude at the 5% level of significance that the system is unacceptable? What
about at the 10% level of significance.

1
 Table 1: Data for Exercise 17
Day Sun Mon Tue Wed Thur Fri Sat
Number of Earthquakes (fi ) 156 144 170 158 172 148 152

Table 2: Data for Exercise 18

Accident No Accident
Cellular Phone 22 278
No Phone 26 374

12. An automobile manufacturer claims that the average mileage of its new two wheeler will be at least 40 km.
To verify this claim 15 test runs were conducted independently under identical conditions and the mileage
recorded (in km) as:

Mileage 39.1 40.2 38.8 40.5 42 45.8 39 41 46.8 43.2 43 38.5 42.1 44 36

Test the claim of the manufacturer at α = 0.05 level of significance.

20
13. The life of a certain electrical equipment is normally distributed. A random sample of lives
of twelve such equipments has a standard deviation of 1.3 years. Test the hypothesis that the

9-
standard deviation is more than 1.2 years at 10% level of significance.

whether the difference between the two sample means is significant.

2 01
14. Random samples of the yields from the usage of two different brands of fertilizers produced the following
results : n1 = 10, X = 90.13, s21 = 4.02; n2 = 10, Y = 92.70, s22 = 3.98. Test at 1% and 5% level of significance

15. It is desired to determine whether there is less variability in the marks of Probability and Statistics course
er
by IITD students than in that by IITB students. If independent random samples of size 10 of the two IIT’s
yield s1 = 0.025 and s2 = 0.045, test the hypothesis at the 0.05 level of significance.
t

16. Suppose the weekly number of accidents over a 60-week period in Delhi is as follows:
es

1 0 0 1 3 4 0 2 1 4 2 2 0 0 5 2 1 3 0 1
em

1 8 0 2 0 1 9 3 3 5 1 3 2 0 7 0 0 0 1 3
3 3 1 6 3 0 1 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 2 1 3 0 0 2

Test the hypotheses that the number of accidents in a week has a Poisson distribution. Assume
IS

α = 0.05. (χ23,0.05 = 7.81; χ24,0.05 = 9.48).

17. A study was investigated to see if Southern California earthquakes of at least moderate size (having values
of at least 4.4 on the Richter Scale) are more likely to occur on certain days of the week than on others. The
catalogs yielded the following data on 1100 earthquakes: Test at the 5% level of significance, the hypotheses
that an earthquake is equally likely to occur on any of the 7 days of the week.
18. A sample of 300 cars having cellular phones and one of 400 cars without phones are tracked
for 1 year. The Table 2 gives the number of cars involved in accidents over that year.
Use the above to test the hypotheses that having a cellular phone in your car and being involved
in an accident are independent. Use the 5 percent level of significance.
19. A randomly chosen group of 20,000 nonsmokers and one of 10,000 smokers were followed over a 10-year
period. The following data of Table 3 relate the numbers of them that developed lung cancer during the
period.
Test the hypotheses that smoking and lung cancer are independent. Use the 1% level of significance.

2
 Table 3: Data for Exercise 19
Smokers Non Smokers
Lung cancer 62 14
No Lung Cancer 9938 19986

Table 4: Data for Exercise 21

n Mean SD
Control 15 82.52 9.24
Pets 15 73.48 9.97
Friends 15 91.325 8.34

20. A politician claims that she will receive at least 60 % o the votes in an upcoming election. The
results of a simple random sample of 100 voters showed that 58 of those sampled will vote for
her. Test the politician’s claim at the 5% level of significance.

20
21. To examine the effects of pets and friends in stressful situations, researchers recruited 45 people
to participate in an experiment and data is shown in Table 4. Fifteen of the subjects were
randomly assigned to each of the 3 groups to perform a stressful task alone (Control Group),

9-
with a good friend present, or with their dog present. Each subjects mean heart rate during
the task was recorded. Using ANOVA method, test the appropriate hypotheses at the α = 0.05

01
level to decide if the mean heart rate differs between the groups.
2
t er
es
em
IS