CST 112-2 : Calculus

Tutorial - 02
Department of Computer Science and Informatics
Faculty of Applied Sciences
Uva Wellassa University

Chapter 02 : Differential Calculus

1. Using first principles differentiate the following with respect to x.

(i) y = x 3 (viii) y = x2 − 3x
(v) y =
(ii) y = x2 x
1
1 1 (ix) y = √
(iii) y = (vi) y = − x
x3 3x3 √
(iv) y = 2x2 (vii) y = 2x2 + 1 (x) y = 5x + x

2. Find the derivative of each of the following functions.

(i) x3 − 7x2 + 3 √ 4 (ix) (2x + 3)2

(v) 2 x + √
x x3 − 5x2 + 3x − 2
(ii) 4x2 + 3x − 12 (x)
x2
√ 6
3 1 1
(vi) 3 x − √ x2 + x − 1
(iii) 4x 2 − x 2 − 2x− 2
3
x (xi) √3
x
(vii) (2x − 3)(x + 4)
2 3 (3x − 2)2
(iv) − √ (xii) √
x x2 (viii) x (4x − 5) x

3. Find the gradient of each of the following curves at the given point.

(i) y = 3 − 2x2 at x=1 (iii) y = x3 − 7x2 + 3x at x=2

2 2x3 + x − 1 1
(ii) y = +2 at x = −3 (iv) y = at x=
x x2 2
 4. Find the equation of the tangent and the equation of the normal to the given curve at
the stated point.

(i) y = 2x2 − 1 at x=1 (iii) y = x2 − 5x + 4 at x=2

1 x+2
(ii) y = +2 at x = −2 (iv) y = at x=2
x x2

5. Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = x2 − 2x − 3 at the point where the
curve cuts the y-axis.

6. The curve y = x2 + ax + b has gradient 4 at the point (1, 2) on it. Find the values of
the constants a and b.

7. Find the equation of the tangent and the equation of the normal to the curve y =
x3 − 2x + 1 at the point x = 2. Find also the coordinates of the point at which the
tangent meets the curve again.

8. Find the value of k for which y = x + k is a normal to y = 3x2 − x + 1.

1 1
9. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = x2 − at the point where x =
x 2
and find the coordinates of the point at which it meets the curve again.

dy
10. In each of the following find in terms of the parameter t.
dx
i). x = 3r2 , y = 6t 1 1
ii). x = t − , y =t+
t t

11. Find the equation of the tangent at each of the points named on the curve whose
parametric equations are given below.

4 3 4
i). x = t2 , y = , (t = 1) ii). x = ,y= , (t = −1)
t t2 t

12. Differentiate the following with respect to x.

i). (2x3 − 5)6 ! 13

1 2 x3 − 3x
ii). iii). √ iv).
(2x2 + 3x)3 2x2 + 7 x2

2
13. Find the equation of the tangent and the equation of the normal to the curve y =
(3 − 2x2 )2 at the point where x = 1.

14. A curve is given by the parametric equation x = t2 , y = t3 . Find the equation of the
tangent to the curve at the point whose parameter is t. Show that this tangent meets
t
the curve again at the point whose parameter is − .
2
15. Differentiate the following with respect to x.
1
i). (x2 + 2)(2x3 − x + 1) vii). (x3 − 3x + 2)(3x + 2) 3
√
viii). (4 − x)2 x2 + 3

ii). (2x + 3)3 (3x + 2)2 x2

ix).
x+1
x
x).
iii). (5x − 2)2 (3x2 + 4x − 2) (x − 1)2
x
xi).
2 2
√ x2 + 1
iv). (x + 1) x
2x + 1
xii).
x2 − x + 1
3 1
v). (x 2 + x 2 )(3x2 − 7) 1 + x2
xiii).
1 − x2
2x2 − x3
√ xiv). √
vi). (6x − 1)2 2x + 3 x2 − 1

16. Differentiate with respect to x.

i). sin(5x − 3) 2 − cot x

vi).
ii). sec4 (4 − 3x) 2 + cot x
√ vii). cos(3 sin 2x)
iii). sec x + tan x
3
viii). sec4 (tan x)
iv). (sin 2x − tan 2x) 2
x + cos2 x
ix). √
v). (1 + sin2 x) tan 2x 2x + 1
dy
x). Given that x = 3 cos 2x and y = 4 sin 2x, find .
dx

3
17. Differentiate with respect to x.

sin 3x iii). cot2 (ln x)

i). ln 2
1 + cos 3x iv). ex ln(sec x)
ii). {ln(4x + 5)}2 v). e2x+1

√ dy
vi). Given that y = ln [x + x2 + a2 ], find and simplify .
dx
dy
vii). Given that x = θ + cos θ and y = sin θ, find in terms of θ.
dx
viii). A curve has parametric equations x = et cos t, y = et sin t. Find the gradient of
π
the curve at the point t = .
6

dy
ix). Find when y − sin(x + y) = 0.
dx

dy
x). Find when xy − exy = 0.
dx
18. Differentiate with respect to x.

i). sin−1 5x iii). ln (sin−1 x)

−1
ii). esin 3x

√ ! !
1+ x x
iv). tan−1 √ v). cos−1
1− x x+1

vi). Given that y = x − tan−1 x, prove that

!2
d2 y dy
− 2x 1 − =0
dx2 dx
.

4
 Chapter 03 : Applications of derivatives

19. Use L’Hospital’s Rule to evaluate each of the following limits.

x3 − 7x2 + 10x t3 − 7t2 + 16t − 12

(i) lim (xv) lim
x→2 x2 + x − 6 t→2 t4 − 4t3 + 4t2
sin(πw) w2 − 4w + 1
(ii) lim (xvi) lim
w→−4 w2 − 16 w→−∞ 3w2 + 7w − 4
ln (3t)
(iii) lim y 2 − e6y
t→∞ t2 (xvii) lim
y→∞ 4y 2 + e7y
sin(2z) + 7z 2 − 2z
(iv) lim 2 cos(4x) − 4x2 − 2
z→0 z 2 (z + 1)2 (xviii) lim
x 2 x→0 sin(2x) − x2 − 2x
(v) lim
x→−∞ e1−x 3e2x+6 + x2 − 12
(xix) lim
z 2 + e4z x→−3 x3 + 6x2 + 9x
(vi) lim
z→∞ 2z − ez sin(πz)
(xx) lim
" !#
3 z→6 ln (z − 5)
(vii) lim t ln 1 +
t→∞ t " !#
2
(viii) lim+ [w2 ln (4w2 )] (xxi) lim w ln 1 −
w→0 w→∞ 3w
" !#
π (xxii) lim+ [ln (t) sin(t)]
(ix) lim+ (x − 1) tan x t→0
x→1 2
1/y 2 (xxiii) lim z 2 ez
(x) lim+ [cos(2y)] z→−∞
y→0 " !#
3
x + 6x − 32 2 7
(xi) lim (xxiv) lim x sin
x→−4 x3 + 5x2
+ 4x
x→∞ x
e−6w (xxv) lim+ [z 2 (ln z)2 ]
(xii) lim z→0
w→−∞ 4 + e−3w
(xxvi) lim+ x1/x
sin(6t) x→0
(xiii) lim
t→0 sin(11t) (xxvii) lim+ [et + t]1/t
t→0
x2 + 8x − 9
(xiv) lim (xxviii) lim [e−2x + 3x]1/x
x→1 x3 − 2x2 − 5x + 6 x→∞

5
 (xxix) Suppose that we know that f ′ (x) is a continuous function. Use L’Hospital’s
Rule to show that,

f (x + h) − f (x − h)
lim = f ′ (x)
h→0 2h
(xxx) Suppose that we know that f ′′ (x) is a continuous function. Use L’Hospital’s
Rule to show that,

f (x + h) − 2f (x) + f (x − h)
lim = f ′′ (x)
h→0 h2
20. A particle moves so that after t s its distance x m from a fixed point O is given by
x = 9t2 − 2t3 .

(i) Find the speed of the particle when t = 3.

(ii) Find the distance from O of the particle when t = 4 and show that it is then
moving towards O.

21. A particle moves along a straight line so that after t s its distance x m from a fixed
point O on the line is given by x = t(t − 3)2 .

(i) At what times is the particle at O?

(ii) Find the average velocity of the particle between t = 3 and t = 4.
(iii) Find the velocity of the particle at time t = 2.

22. A particle moves in a straight line so that after t s its displacement x m from a fixed
point O on the line is given by x = t3 − 6t2 + 9t + 56.

(i) Find the velocity of the particle when t = 4.

(ii) When does the velocity of the particle is zero?
(iii) How far the particle is from O when its velocity is zero?

23. A spherical balloon is being inflated so that its volume is increasing at the constant
rate of 10 cm3 /s.

(i) At what rate is the radius increasing?

(ii) At what rate is the surface area increasing, when the radius of the balloon is
4 cm?
6
24. A conical funnel whose vertical angle is 60◦ , with axis vertical and vertex downwards,
allows water to flow from it through a small hole of its vertex at the rate of 0.2 cm3 /s.

(i) At what rate is the water level descending?

(ii) At what rate is the wetted surface decreasing, when the depth of water is 2 cm?

25. Gas is released from an elastic spherical vessel and the volume V cm3 of the vessel at
time t s is given by V = 302π − πt2 for values of t < 14. Assuming that the vessel
retains its spherical shape for this time, calculate the rate at which the radius of the
243π
vessel is decreasing when its volume is cm3 .
2
1
26. The volume V cm3 of water in a vessel is given by V = πh2 (18 − h) when the depth
3
of water in the vessel is h cm. If water is poured into the vessel at a constant rate of
5 cm3 /s, calculate the rate at which the level of water is rising when the depth is 2 cm.

27. In each of the following questions ( i - ix ), find

a) the set of values of x for which the function increases

b) the set of values of x for which the function decreases
c) the stationary values of the function and investigate their nature.

(i) x3 − 3x2 + 4 (v) x2 (3 + 2x − 3x2 ) 1

(viii)
(ii) 2x3 − 15x2 + 24x + 1 (vi) 2x4 − 12x2 + 3 x2 − 4
(iii) 8x2 − x4
1 (x − 2)2
(iv) 3x4 − 8x3 + 9 (vii) (ix)
x2 + 4 x+1
x
28. Show that the function decreases for all values of x.
x2 − 1
29. A cylinder is such that the sum of the height and the circumference of its base is 5 m.
Express the volume of the cylinder in terms of the radius of the base. Find the greatest
volume of the cylinder.

30. The length of a rectangular block of wood is twice its width and the total surface area
4
is 108 cm2 . If the width of the block is x cm, show that its volume is x(27 − x2 ) cm3 .
3
Find (with justification) the dimensions of the block when its volume is a maximum.
7
31. A cylinder open at the top has a volume of 1 m3 . Its base radius is r m and height is
h m. If its total outside surface area is S m2 , find S in terms of r. Hence prove that
S is a minimum when r = h.

32. A thin wire of length l is bent to form the complete perimeter of a sector of a circle
of radius r. If the area of the sector is A, find A in terms of r. Hence find the radius
and the angle of the sector when its area is a maximum, showing that this area is the
maximum.
v2
33. The total running cost of an intercity bus per hour is Rs. (90 + ) where v km/h is
10
the speed of the bus. If Rs C is the cost per km, write down an expression for C in
terms of v. Hence find the speed at which the cost per km is least.
The bus makes an up and down run of 400 km at a speed of 60 km/h. How much
money would have been saved had the run been made at minimum cost?

34. In each of the following questions ( i - ix ), discuss the behaviour of each of the given
functions and sketch the curve which it represents.

(i) x2 + 2x − 3 x x2 + x + 1
(iv) (vii)
x2 + 1 x+1
1 (x − 1)2
(ii) x(x + 1)(x + 2) (v) (viii)
(x − 1)(x + 3) x+2
2x − 1 x2 + 2x − 1
(vi) (ix)
(iii) (2 + x)(1 + x)(3 − x) (x − 2)2 x2 − 3x + 2
x+2
35. Given that f (x) = ,
(x + 1)(x − 2)
(i) Express f (x) in partial fractions.
(ii) Find f ′ (x) and determine the maximum and minimum values of f .
(iii) Draw a rough sketch of the graph of y = f (x).

2x2 − 4x
36. Repeat the above question (17) for the function f (x) = .
(x − 3)(x + 1)

8
 Please answer and submit the problems
1)(v), 2)(xi), 3)(i), 4)(i), 8), 10)(i), 12)(iv), 16)(x), 17)(vi), 18)(iv), 19)(xxi),
22), 26), 27) (iii), 32), 34)(v), 35)
19th July
on or before 17th of June
2023.2022.