B) Operations Complex Numbers

Happe
on

IWINDIRE formula
.
1 Addition

: 2,
&
Eze
subtraction

= (x , =X,) +
j(y +
= yz)
↓
complex numbers

ex : Evaluate j2-j3 j6-j0 jk + +

=> j2 -j3 +
jj3)2 (j3)2xj2 ((jz2)2
-

-
=
2 + j
Argand Diagram
2 .
Multiplication FOIL
N
>z
=
x + jy
128 formula : 2, ze =
(x , +jy ,)(xz +
jya)
10 -1
jxj
Simu
=

S S

(, Xz) + (jyax) +
(jy xz) ,
-

(y Yn) ,

V
3 . Division p
in calculating
,
of D
①jyr Conjugate
X 12/cost 121 sin
y formula :
= =

X2 + Conjugate of D
Y

② 101 -

eX : 2 +j6 2 +j6
= . 5-j3
5 +j3 5 +
j3 5-j3

10 -j6 +j30 -( 1)(18)

-

25
-jxy j(5 + ( 1)(9)
-
-

I
28 + j24
34

+
=

Conjugate
>
-
barred z
:
get the conjugate
z =
z

jy) flip the sign of the

(x
X
+
rect = =
=
-

imaginary part.
.

A) Different forms of Complex Number

polar = = (r(t) ,
z =
Tt) =
(r - 0)
rectangular 2 =
X + jy ; X = rcost ; y
=
rsint
5 .

complement >
-
its 900 counterpart

polar 2 =
r(cost +
jsin) Degrees : 1 =
121(900 5) -

Radians : : = 121 <

-)
frigonometric z =
roist =
rLf
its 1800 counterpart
supplement
>
6
-
.

ja
exponential z =
re Degrees : 1 =
121(1800 #) -

whereo is in radians Radians := 121

: < (H-t)

(2x) (if b + 0)

S
2 areto

arg(x +jy)
y

- 0)
=
= (ifX(0 and b =

undefined lifa =
0 and b =
0)
 C) De Moirer's Theorem => Iny
=
(3 + j) (n) -

2 -j) ; Mnx" =
ninX

(-3 + j)(n) j) always in radians

j)
o

casel : z" 12/" < (n) resion Iny

= -

2 -
+ jArg) -
2 -

rounded off
=

>
- shiftofore
but always
ex : ( -b + j2)5 - Iny =
( -3 +
j)(0 .
8047 -

j2 .
uz79)
(2001"<(57(161 57%
"
=> 1 - b +j2/ = .

my = 0 2638
.
+ j8 8386 .

= 384 +
j10112
2638 j8 8386)
ethy e(0
+ .

(degrees)
.

Iradians) =
=

=>

# + 360k A + 2k
20 263788175 ; 8 83885409
<In 12 n
.

y f
.

or => = ·

case2 : -
=

N
Euler's Roomuld
whereh =

50 1 , 2 3 n -

13 1 3019 (los (8 8386) + jsin (8 83847)

, , ....

Y = .
. .

ex : (-3 + jz) k = n -

1
jn 1 =

y
= - 1 0845 +j0
.
.
720211
h = =

Therefore the only ,

allowable values Kis4
for

k =
50 ,
1 ,
2
33 There
.
will be answers ! (per value of i) E) irigonometric & Hyperbolic Functions of Complex Numbers

(3) <
146 31 + 360(0)
j2/
.

conversions
=> 1 -
3 + =

& ① Hyperbolic irigonometric to

1 11 + j0 82/
cosly)
= .
.

(s(jy) loshly) coshijy)

=
- =

(3) * 31 340l
146 sinh join(y)
=
·

>
-
sin(jy) =
jsinkly) (jy) =

② Sum and Difference Formulas

-0
=

82 + j1 11/ .

Ijy) cosxcoshy - jsinx sinny

.

>
-
Cos(X =

(3) t < 146 31 + 300 (n)

cosh(x Ijy) Coshycosy + joinhx siny
·

=
=

&

-1
=

.
1) -j0 82 .
- Sin (x Ijy) sinxcoshy + jcosxsinhu
=

Sinh (x Ijy) Sinhx cosy + joshx siny

=

146 31 + 360(3)
(3) "
.

+
= 0 .
82-jlolly
HAND IHWINDIRE
MOVE EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
D) logarithm of a complex Number
radians
-strictule in natural logs ① je to polar form
formula In (2) In/2) +
jE
=
In121 +
jarg12)
j-
=
:

~ um
=> z= -
(2 solutions)
complex
logarithm
rect
logaritum => Inz = In(j)
OX'
1 In (2 +j3) =
In 12 +j3) +
jarg(2+j3) => In2 =

&Inj ; get In
(j) =
In/j) +
jarg(j)
1 2815 +
j0 98281
En(j)
= .

In2
jarg (j)
.

=> = +

2
log (-3-)) => Inz =
Ej
(
-
2 + j)

Note , property of log :

logb =

loob Nibase
T
implies base ofon a => Inz = j( 2) +

=
In a ; modified
the angle by addingAk DEFAULT RULE
IN RATIONAL EXPONENTS !
In 1-3-j) &

Therefore 100 + 2 +
j)
(3-j) =

In 1-2+j)
=> Inz =

j(3 + 3πh)
Inl-3-j) +
jarg) - 3 -j) 8473-j0
0
6845/-
distributed
= -
=

inside the quantity

.
.

(n) -2 + j) + jarg(-2+j) ;

3 +j) - enz ejtin) ;

since we're
jj)
-

3 ( 2 -
-

Note , logrule: Inx" =

ninX looking for 2 ,
we raise both sides by

since you cannot physically multiply a number by itself 11-3 +;

"
,
times
=> z = ej( + brn)
; z = 12(eit z =
12/
exponent using functions be and In (x)
you redefine the

Therefore , 1-2 -

jj(-3
+ j) 2 =

1((+3) ,
where K = 0, 1

jj) j)
-

3+
=> 1 2
y = -
-

Take the In of both sides

In1-2-j))-3 j) ;
+
=> Iny =
② Find 2 in rectangular form : 2-8 =
j(7-22)
Since z =
X +jy

E = X jy
-

z
-

8 =
j(7 22) -

>
-

(x +jy) -

8 =
j(7 -
2(x -

jy))

>
-
(x +jy) -

8 =
j(z -

2x + 2jy)
X +jy 8 j7 j2x 2y
-

=>
-
-

=> X +jy
-

8 -

j7 +j2x +
2y =
0
- ↑
-
----

Complex) (Real)

0 ; buto
=> X -

8 +
2y +jy j7 +j2x - = = 0 +j0

Since it's a

complex number

0 +j0
=> X -

8 +
2y +jy j7 +j2x -
=

X -

8 +
2y = 0/y y7 +j2x - =
/j0
7 2x 0
2y 8 y
-
+ =
X+ =

2x + y = 7

2x + y = 7
X+
2y = 8
3
X =

2y =

2= 2 +j 3
Therefore z =
x +jy - >
11

③ (es9)" =
19 .
Solve for N
.

since est = rest +

jusin
0
1 E +
+ 1
-

v = =
+ = z = =

if est = -1 then

(eq) =
19 =
(+: (d) " =
19

Therefore
=> In ( +

19) N =
en(19)
=> NIn)-19) = In 19

N =
In(19) =
In(19) but est
In (-19) In (19) + In)-1)
In (19)
Thus N =

In (a)
+ (T)
In(19j
=>
N
=
N =
0 468 +j
.
-
0 499
.