Mensuration
Introduction
This chapter deals with the concept of finding the surface area and volume of the regular figures. By regular
figures we mean to say that the figures whose parameters are known to us.
This chapter also deals with the application of geometry to our real life problems like finding the area of the
land or finding the volume of the buckets or many other such items.
Previously we have learnt to find the perimeter and area of the rectilinear figures, but now onwards we will
learn to find the surface area of some of the two dimensional figures or the volume of some of the three
dimensional figures. In this chapter we will basically discuss about the figures such as cube, cuboid, cylinder,
cone, sphere, and frustums.
Surface Area and Volume of Cuboids
A cuboid is a closed rectangular solid which has six rectangular faces.
Length of the cuboid = AB = CD = EF = GH. (Equal length)
Width of the cuboid = AD = BC = EH = FG. (Equal width)
Height of the cuboid = AE = BF = CG = DH.
Diagonal of the cuboid AB2 BC2 BF2
Diagonal of a Cuboid ( Length2 Breadth2 Height 2 )
l 2 b2 h2
Lateral surface area of cuboid 2h(l b)
Total surface area of cuboid 2(lb bh hl )
Volume of the cuboid l b h
Surface Area and Volume of Cube
Cube
It is a cuboid of equal sides.
Diagonal of a Cube
Diagonal of a cube = 3 (side)
In the above given figure alongside of the cube,
side = AB = CD = EF = 6H = AD = BC = EH = FG = AE = BF = CG = DH.
Diagonal of the cube 3 1
Lateral surface area of the cube 4 l 2
Total surface area of the cube 6 l 2
Volume of the cube l 3
Surface Area and Volume of Cylinder
Surface Area of Cylinder
Total surface area of cylinder = curve surface area + 2 (area of face)
Total surface area 2 r (r h)
Curve surface area 2 rh
Volume of Cylinder
Volume of cylinder r 2 h
Where r is the radius of cylinder and h is the height of cylinder.
Surface Area of Cone
A cone is a solid with a circular base. It has a curved surface which tapers (i.e. decreases in size) towards the
vertex along the top.
The height of the cone is the perpendicular distance from the base to the vertex.
Area of sec tor ABC Arclength AB of sec tor ABC
Now,
Area of circle withcentre at C Circumferenceof circle withcentre at C
r
Area of sector ABC l 2 rl .
l
The curved surface area of a cone = The area of sector ABC.
The curved surface area of a cone rl
Total surface area of the cone = Area of the base + Curved surface area
TSA r 2 rl
or, TSA r (r l ) .
The volume of the cone is given by,
1
V r 2h
3
Surface Area of Sphere
Any round figure like football, cricket ball, etc are known as sphere.
Sphere is a three dimensional figure having certain radius and volume.
The surface area of the sphere 4 r 2
4
Volume of the sphere r 3
3
Surface Area of Hemisphere
It is obtained by cutting the plane through the centre of a sphere into two equal parts and each part is
known as the hemisphere.
The curved surface area of the hemisphere 2 r 2
The total surface area of the hemisphere 3 r 2
2
Volume of the hemisphere r 3
3
Surface Area of Frustum
It is the figure obtained by cutting the cone by a plane parallel to the base of the cone, then the portion
between the plane and the base is known as the frustum of the cone.
The curved surface area of frustum l ( R r )
Where, l 2 h2 ( R r )2 .
Total surface area of the frustum ( R2 r 2 l ( R r )
1
Volume of the frustum h( R 2 r 2 Rr )
3
Among the regular figures circles has the shortest perimeter.
Among the regular figures circles has the largest area.
Menstruation canons is the voice sing the same melodic pattern in different speeds and notes.
1
The volume of a four dimensional ball is 2 R 4 .
2
A triangle on a sphere has the sum of angles greater than 180o .
The magnitude of a space or the solid region is called its volume.
Total surface area is the sum of area of all faces.
Lateral surface area is the area of all sides excluding top and bottom.
Volume of cuboid is lbh .
Volume is measured in cubic unit and area in square unit.
1m3 1000000 cm3 ,1m3 1000 dm3 1000 litres
1dm3 1000 cm3 1000mil lim etre
1kilolitre 1000 litre 106 cm6 1m3
1cm3 1000mm3
The guest room of Mary's flat is in the form of rectangle. If the width of the room is three fourth of its
length and its area is given as 600 m 2 . The difference between the length and width of the room is:
(a) 5 2 m (b) 7 2 m
(c) 9 2 m (d) 3 2 m
(e) None of these
Answer: (a)
Explanation
Let the length of the room x .
3
Then the width of the room x
4
3 2
Area of the room x
4
But the area of the room 600m2
Therefore, x 600m2
x 800 20 2
The ratio between the length and breath of a field is 10 : 6. The area of the field is 3840 m2. Find the
difference between the length and width of the field.
(a) 32m (b) 24m
(c) 20m (d) 18m
(e) None of these
Answer: (a)
Explanation
Let the length of the field be 10x and breath be 6x .
Then the area of the field 10 x 6 x 60 x2
Therefore, 60 x2 3840
x 8m
Therefore, length of the field = 80 m and breath of the field = 48 m
Difference 80 48 32 m
A room of the hall is such that the ratio of the height of the room to its semi perimeter is 6 : 10 and the
cost of paper wall of the room to cover the wall of the room is Rs. 1700, when the width of the paper is
100 cm at the rate of Rs. 10 per meter, except the door and window whose area is 40 m2 . The height of
the room is:
(a) 2 6 m
(b) 3 3.5 m
(c) 4 6 m
(d) 5 6 m
(e) None of these
Answer: (b)
Exploration
Let the height of the room be 6x and its semi-perimeter be 10x .
Area of the four wall 2 6 x 10 x 120 x2
Area of the paper needed 120 x2 40
120 x 2 40
Length of the paper needed
1
Total cost of the paper,
10 (120 x2 40) 1700
120 x2 210
210
x2 1.75
120
x 1.75 m
Therefore, height of the room is 6 1.75 m .
A solid in the form of right circular cone mounted on a hemisphere having radius 3.5 cm and height of the
conical part is 5 cm is immersed in a cylindrical bucket whose radius and height are 5 cm and 9.8 cm
respectively containing water. When the solid is immersed in the bucket some of the water from the
bucket spelt out. The volume of the water left in the bucket:
(a) 576 cm3 (b) 616 cm3
(c) 484 cm3 (d) 764 cm3
(e) None of these
Answer: (a)
A metallic pillar is such that its lower part is in the form of cylinder mounted by a right circular cone. The
radius of the pillar is 7 cm and the height of the cylindrical part is 250 cm and that of the conical part is 60
cm. If the density of the metallic pillar is 8 gm/cm cube, then find the weight of the pillar in kg.
(a) 396.69kg (b) 356.85kg
(c) 323.54kg (d) 332.64kg
(e) None of these
Answer: (d)
Mr. Robert purchased a toy for his son Michael. The toy is in the form of hemisphere at one end and in the
form of cone at the other end and cylindrical in the middle. The radius and height of the cylindrical part
are 5 cm and 13 cm respectively. The radii of hemispherical and conical part is same as that of cylindrical
part. If the total length of the toy is 40 cm, then find its total surface area.
(a) 911.43cm2 (b) 895.5cm2
(c) 784.54cm2 (d) 1022.56cm2
(e) None of these
Answer: (a)
A letter 'T' shape is made by sticking together 2 cuboids as shown in the diagram. What is the total volume
of the letter 'T'?
(a) 57cm3 (b) 64cm3
(c) 48cm3 (d) 25cm3
(e) None of these
Answer: (c)
Exploration
Volume of upper part
7 2 2 28cm3
Volume of lower part
5 2 2 20 cm3
Total volume 20 28 48 cm3
Therefore, option (c) is correct and rest of the options is incorrect.
A metallic spherical ball of radius 5 cm is dropped into a conical vessel containing water. The diameter of
the vessel is 20 cm. If the ball is completely submersed in the vessel, the raise in water level in the vessel
is:
(a) 5cm
(b) 4cm
(c) 6cm
(d) 3cm
(e) None of these
Answer: (a)
Robert wants to water his garden with the pipe connected with a tank. If the water is flowing at the rate
of 20 km/h through the pipe whose diameter is 15 cm. If the length and breath of the rectangular garden
is 50 m and 45 m respectively, then find the time required to raise the level of the water by 20 cm in the
garden?
(a) 345.45 sec
(b) 343.63 sec
(c) 350 sec
(d) 505.46cm
(e) None of these
Answer: (b)
An open plastic bucket mounted on a cylindrical base is such that the diameters of the two ends are 48 cm
and 28 cm. If the total height of the bucket is 35 cm and that of the cylindrical part is 5 cm, then find the
area of the sheet require to make the bucket?
(a) 4832.33cm2 (b) 3822.5cm2
(c) 3587.33cm2 (d) 4589.69cm2
(e) None of these
Answer: (a)
Martina is a national badminton player and also a national champion in badminton. She uses a shuttlecock
such that the diameters of the two ends are 8 cm and 4 cm respectively and the height of the entire
shuttlecock is 8 cm. It is mounted with a hemispherical shaped at the lower end. Find the external surface
area of the shuttlecock.
(a) 176.84cm2 (b) 156.46cm2
(c) 144.32cm2 (d) 114.96cm2
(e) None of these
Answer: (c)
The dimension of the James guest room is 14m 12m 10m . He wants to fix a pole in his room so that he
can hang some of the important posters on it. He wants that the room should contain maximum number
of the posters on it. The length of the longest pole he can fit in his room is:
(a) 21.36m (b) 20.44m
(c) 22.56m (d) 20.98m
(e) None of these
Answer: (d)
1. If the area of the three adjacent faces of the room is p, q , r respectively, then the volume of air in the
room is:
(a) pqr (b) 2 pqr
(c) 3 pqr (d) 4 pqr
(e) None of these
2. Find the volume of the figure given below:
(a) 267cm3
(b) 284cm3
(c) 228cm3
(d) 240cm3
(e) None of these
3. We know that the surface area and volume of any figure depend on its dimensions. If we change the
dimension of the figure there is corresponding change in the surface area and volume of the figure. There
is a cubical box of certain length, if we increase the length of the cube by 40%, what will be the
corresponding change in the surface area of the cube?
(a) 120% (b) 100%
(c) 96% (d) 140%
(e) None of these
4. Three cubes of metal with edges 3 cm , 4 cm and 5 cm respectively are melted to form a single cube. Find
the lateral surf ace area of the new cube formed.
(a) 267cm2
(b) 284cm2
(c) 224cm2
(d) 144cm2
(e) None of these
5. A tool is made up of a cone on top of a cylinder as shown in the figure below. The cylinder has a height of
15 cm and a radius of 5 cm. The volume of the cone is 100 ncm3. If 0 is the vertex of the cone and AB is the
diameter of the base of the cone and C its centre. Points 0, A, B and C are in the same plane. Calculate the
lateral surface area of the tool.
(a) 675.714cm2 (b) 685.4cm2
(c) 695.4cm2 (d) 775.4cm2
(e) None of these
6. Peter is a farmer and wants to buy a field which is in the shape of trapezium. Its side along the river is
parallel to the river bank and twice the side along the road. If the area of the field is 12600 m2 and the
perpendicular distance between the two parallel sides is 100 m, the length of side along the river is:
(a) 74m (b) 84m
(c) 86m (d) 82m
(e) None of these
7. The external diameter of an iron pipe is 25 cm and its length is 20 cm. If the thickness of the pipe is 1 cm,
find the total surface area of the pipe.
(a) 3267cm2
(b) 3384cm2
(c) 3224cm2
(d) 3168cm2
(e) None of these
8. A cylinder is open at both ends and is made of 1.5 cm thick metal . Its external diameter is 12 cm and
height is 84 cm. What is the volume of metal used in making the cylinder?
(a) 4267cm3
(b) 4384cm3
(c) 4224cm3
(d) 4158cm3
(e) None of these
9. The length of metallic tube is one meter. Its thickness is 1 cm and its internal diameter is 12 cm. Find the
weight of the tube if the density of the metal is 7.7 grams per cubic cm.
(a) 32.67kg (b) 33.84kg
(c) 32.24kg (d) 31.4314kg
(e) None of these
10. A hollow garden roller whose external diameter is 42 cm and has a length of 132 cm is made of 2 cm thick
cast iron. Find the weight of the roller if 1cm3 of iron weight 10 grams.
(a) 331.584kg (b) 277.78kg
(c) 279.78kg (d) 278.5kg
(e) None of these
Answers – Self Evaluation Test
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. A
1. Let the length, breath, and height of the room be I, b, and h respectively.
Then Ib = p, bh = q, hl = r.
Therefore, lbh pqr volume
2. Volume of the figure shown above is the summation of volume of the both cuboid.
Therefore, total volume = (144) + (84) = 228 cm3
Volume of new cube (33 43 53 ) 216 cm3
Edge of this cube = 6 cm.
Lateral surface area 4l 2 4 6 6 144 cm2
3. Note that the radius of the cylinder and the radius of the base of the cone have the same size. We first use
the formula of the volume of the cone to find its height H:
1
5 H 100
2
3
H = 12 cm
The area lateral surface of the cone and that of the cylinder is added to obtain the total area A of the
surface.
Area r [ H 2 r 2 ] 2 rh
5 [122 52 ] 2 5 15
675.4 cm2 (approx)
7. Length of the pipe, h = 20 cm.
25
External radius of the pipe, R 12.5 cm
2
Thickness of pipe = 1 cm
Internal radius of this pipe, r = (12.5 - 1) = 11.5 cm.
Total surface area of the pipe
2 rh 2 rh 2( R2 r 2 ) 3168cm2
8. External radius = 6 cm, internal radius = 4.5 cm.
Volume of metal
[(62 ) 84 (4.5)2 84] 4158cm3
9. Weight of 1 cm3 of metal = 7.7 grams .
Its volume
[ (72 ) 100 (6)2 100]cm3 4082 cm3
Weight of 4082cm3 of metal 4082 7.7 grams = 31.4314 kg.
10. Volume of iron h( R2 r 2 )
132 (212 192 )
33188.57cm3
Therefore, weight of the roller
33158.57 10
331.584 kg.