Why Choose Java?

1. Industry Proven: Java has been a dominant force in the software

development industry, trusted by many organizations for building

scalable and secure applications. It has established itself as a

reliable toolkit for enterprise-level application development.

2. Open-Source Libraries: Java boasts a vast array of open-source

libraries, providing various approaches to achieving similar

outcomes. This flexibility allows developers to select the best tools

for their specific needs.

3. Competitive Edge: In today’s competitive technology landscape,

developers and engineers are constantly looking for ways to

process information efficiently, extract meaningful insights, and

build models that handle massive datasets. Java’s performance

and scalability make it an ideal choice for these tasks.

4. Versatility: Java is a versatile platform that supports a wide range

of libraries and frameworks, enabling developers to tackle various

tasks, from data processing to application development. Being

well-versed in these libraries will enhance the robustness and

speed of your development work.

1. What is Java Language?

Java is a Object Oriented programming language and platform

independent. So, java is secure and reliable for coding mobile apps and
enterprise software to big data applications and server-side

technologies.

2. What is java virtual machine?

Java virtual machine is known as JVM, it allows to run java programs on

any device or operating system based on “write once run anywhere”

principal and all the java programs are compiled for the JVM.

3. Is Java Platform Independent?

Yes, Java is Platform Independent because all APIs compiled into

bytecodes and the virtual machine taking care of bytecode form different

platforms.

4. Explain difference between Heap and Stack memory in Java?

Basically, stack memory is small in size when compared to heap size and

stack having temporary variables and data but heap used large amount

of data. If stack having no space to create new object it throws an error

message like [Link] but if heap size is full it

throws [Link].

5. Explain difference between Instance variable and Local

variable?

Instance variables are declared out side of the class but local variables

are declared inside of method or constructor.

Marker Interface does not have any method inside. JDK having built in

marker interfaces are Serializable interface, Cloneable interface and

Remote interface.

7. What is functional interface?

Functional interface means it allows only one abstract method and it

provides from the java version 1.8 onwards. We use

@FunctionalInterface annotation to make an interface into fuctional

interface.

We have four type of functional interfaces and these are applied at

multiple situations

 Consumer

 Predicate

 Function

 Supplier

8. What is singleton class?

Singleton class allows only one instance of class exist.

Follow some rules for Singleton class

Declare Access modifier must be private for all construtors and static

method returns a reference to the instance.

The instance must be stored into private static variable.

Singleton class allows only one instance of class exist.

Follow some rules for Singleton class

Declare Access modifier must be private for all construtors and static

method returns a reference to the instance.

The instance must be stored into private static variable.

9. What is subclass?

A class that derived from another class or parent/super class is known as

subclass.

10. What is constructor in java?

A construcor is special method of class and the declare same name of

class if required. Whenever object is created the constructor

automatically called.

Construcor does not have any return rype and it calls only once at the

time of object creation.

11. What are the various types of interfaces in java?

There are mainly three types of interfaces

1. Noramal interface

Examples: List, Set, Map

2. Functional interface

Example: Runnable
3. Marker interface

Example: Serilizable interface

12. What is the difference between Set and List?

The major difference is List allows duplicate values but Set does not

allows duplicate values and List allows multiple null values but set

allows only one null value.

13. What is linked list?

Linked list is one of linear data structure and data and next node

consider as single node. Where single node stores the data and address

of the next node and the last node is contains NULL value.

Different types of Linked list

1. Single Linked list

2. Double Linked List

3. Circular Linked List

14. What is ArrayList?

ArrayList is a class implemented by using List interface. The

functionality of ArrayList is dynamic array and there is no fixed size of

an array. ArrayList is found in [Link] package. It contains duplicate

values and maintain insertion order. By using add() method to add new

elements into ArrayList

Syntax:

ArrayList<E> al = new ArrayList<E>();

ArrayList<String> al = new ArrayList<String>();

15. What is Deque?

DeQue stands for Double-ended-queue, it is linear data structure which

allows the data manipulation the data from both the ends.

16. What is TreeSet?

TreeSet is a class which provides an implementation of Set interface and

stored the elements or objects in ascending order.

Syntax:

TreeSet<E> tree = new TreeSet<E>();

17. What is Iterator in java?

Iterator is a loop for collection framework to retrieve the elements one

after other by using iterator method. In Iterator we have three methods

called as

next() : It prints next element if present otherwise it throws

NoSuchElementException

hasNext() : It return all the elements available in the collection

remove() : It remove next element in the in iterator.

18. What is hash map?

HashMap is the implementation of Map interface and it stores the data

in the form if key and value pair.

will replace the element of correspondent key.

Example of HashMap:

19. What is the super class of Object?

Object is a parent class of all classes in java.

20. What is the difference between method overloading and method

overriding?

Method overloading is compile time polymorphism and method

overriding run time polymorphism.

Method overloading shares more than one method with different

arguments in the class but method overriding is based on inheritance

which develops from parent class.

21. What is the difference between method interface and abstract

class?

Abstract class having abstract and non-abstract methods but interface

having abstract, default and static methods.

Abstract class does not support multiple inheritance but Interface

supports multiple inheritance.

22. Explain Constructor overloading?

Constructor overloading is more than one Constructor with different

parameters of same class name.

main() method is overloaded but according to java syntax first jvm calls

main method like “public static void main(String[] args)” only

24. What is Lambda function?

Lambda function is commonly known as anonymous function and it is

user defined function without name. In java we have lambda expression

for express instances of functional interfaces.

Lambda Expression are divided into three parts one is Arguments next

Arrow token and Body of Lambda expression

Syntax:

Lambda operator -> body

25. What is polymorphism?

Polymorphism in general known as many forms and we have two types

of polymorphism

1. Run time polymorphism (method overriding) : same name from

different class and this is called as “Late binding”.

2. Compile polymorphism (method overloading) : Same name with

different parameters

26. What is encapsulation?

Encapsulation is one of the fundamental concept of Object-Oriented-

Programming language and we encapsulate both variables(data) and

data and code together in single unit.

Binding the data by using private keyword for variables and to access

the data from setter and getter method.