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A Title Proposal Presented to the
Faculty of the Senior High School Program
Esperanza National High School- Annex, San Jose Campus
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato
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In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements in
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Karl Vincent M. Lagarita
Jennifer D. Lopez
Hashly
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AUGUST 2025
Background of the Study
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) are among the most popular
ornamental fish worldwide because of their attractive appearance,
ease of care, and adaptability to aquarium environments. Despite
their popularity, maintaining the health and well-being of goldfish
requires proper aquarium management, particularly in feeding
practices. Goldfish require a balanced feeding schedule and
appropriate feed portions to support healthy growth and maintain
water quality. Overfeeding often results in uneaten feed
accumulating in the aquarium, where it decomposes and releases
ammonia and other nitrogenous wastes that degrade water quality
and increase the risk of disease. Conversely, underfeeding may
affect fish growth and overall health. Therefore, proper feeding
management is essential for ensuring the welfare of goldfish and
maintaining a stable aquarium ecosystem (An et al., 2021; Food and
Agriculture Organization [FAO], 2024).
The rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has
transformed traditional aquarium management by enabling devices
to communicate and exchange data through internet connectivity.
IoT technologies allow aquarium owners to remotely monitor and
control feeding operations using smartphones or other internet-
connected devices. Combined with microcontroller platforms such as
Arduino, IoT has made automated aquarium systems more
affordable, flexible, and accessible for both hobbyists and
researchers. Arduino-based systems are widely used because they
support the integration of sensors, cameras, communication
modules, and actuators necessary for intelligent automation (Kim et
al., 2021; Arduino, n.d.).
Although many commercially available automatic fish feeders
provide scheduled feeding, most of these systems operate using
fixed timers and predetermined feed quantities. Such feeders are
unable to determine whether the previously dispensed food has
already been consumed by the fish before releasing another portion.
As a result, repeated overfeeding may occur, leading to feed
wastage, declining water quality, increased maintenance costs, and
potential health problems for goldfish. These limitations indicate the
need for a more intelligent feeding system capable of responding to
the actual feeding conditions inside the aquarium rather than
relying solely on preset schedules (An et al., 2021).
Recent developments in computer vision have opened new
opportunities for intelligent fish-feeding systems. Computer vision
enables computers to analyze images and videos captured by
cameras to recognize objects and interpret visual information
automatically. In aquaculture applications, computer vision has been
successfully used to monitor fish behavior, estimate biomass, detect
feeding activity, and identify uneaten feed remaining in the water.
When integrated with IoT and adaptive control algorithms, computer
vision enables feeding systems to adjust the amount of food
dispensed based on the fish’s actual consumption. This adaptive
feeding approach helps minimize feed waste, improve water quality,
reduce operational costs, and promote healthier fish growth while
supporting sustainable aquarium management (An et al., 2021;
Abdullah et al., 2025).
In response to these challenges, this study proposes “AquaMIND: An
IoT-Enabled, Arduino-Based Smart Goldfish Feeder with Computer
Vision-Driven Uneaten Feed Detection and Adaptive Feeding Control
for Aquarium Care.” The proposed system integrates an Arduino-
based automatic feeder with IoT connectivity, allowing users to
remotely monitor and control feeding activities while utilizing
computer vision to detect uneaten fish feed after every feeding
cycle. Based on the detected feeding outcome, the system
automatically adjusts the succeeding feed quantity to match the
goldfish’s actual consumption. Through this adaptive feeding
mechanism, the proposed system aims to reduce feed wastage,
maintain better water quality, improve goldfish health, and provide
aquarium owners with a more intelligent, efficient, and sustainable
solution for aquarium care.
Ultimately, this study seeks to contribute to the growing field of
smart aquarium technology by demonstrating the integration of IoT,
Arduino, and computer vision into an intelligent feeding system
specifically designed for goldfish. The findings of this research may
benefit aquarium hobbyists, educators, researchers, and future
developers by providing an innovative approach to automated
aquarium management that promotes responsible fish care and
efficient resource utilization.