31/10/2019

PART ONE

E-LEARNING
By: Raed Khalil
Balqa Applied University

Topics to be covered:

1. What is e-learning?
2. The benefits and drawbacks of online learning.
3. Can we learn online?
4. Best practices of online training.
5. Learning vs. Training .
6. E-learning in education vs. corporate sector.
7. The future of e-learning.

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1- What is e-learning?
e-learning is a computer based educational tool
or system that enables you to learn anywhere
and at any time. Today e-learning is mostly
delivered though the internet, although in the

past it was delivered using a blend of computer-

based methods like CD-ROM.

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Conducting webinars (live online classes) and

communicating with professors via chat and
message forums is also an option available to
users.

• Many of different e-learning systems (known as

Learning Management Systems, or LMS for short)
and methods, which allow for courses to be
delivered.
• With the right tool various processes can be
automated such as the marking of tests or the
creation of attractive content.
• E-learning provides the learners with the ability
to fit learning around their lifestyles, effectively
allowing even the busiest person to further a
career and gain new qualifications.

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• Some of the most important developments in

education have happened since the launch of the
internet.
• These days learners are well versed in the use of
smartphones, text messaging and using the
internet so participating in and running an online
course has become a simple affair.
• Message boards, social media and variou s other
means of online communication allow learners to
keep in touch and discuss course related matters,
whilst providing for a sense of community.

In the fast-paced world of e-learning the available

technologies to make a course exciting are always changing,
and course content can and should be updated quickly to
give students the very latest information.
This is especially important if the e-learning training is being
given to employees in a sector where keeping up-to- date on
industry developments is of the utmostimportance.
This is one of the reasons why many businesses are now
offering training via e-learning - other reasons includes low
costs and the ability for employees to study in their own
time and place.

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Overall, traditional learning is expensive, takes

a long time and the results can vary. E- learning
offers an alternative that is faster, cheaper and
better.

2-The benefits and drawbacks of online learning

When it comes to benefits that make the

creation and delivery processes easier and
hassle-free. Important benefits are outlined
below:

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A- No Boundaries, No Restrictions

• Along with locational restrictions, time is one of the

issues that learners and teachers both have to face in
learning.
• In the case of face-to-face learning, the location limits
attendance to a group of learners who have the ability
to participate in the area, and in the case of time, it
limits the crowd to those who can attend at a specific
time.
• E-learning, on the other hand, facilitates learning
without having to organize when and where everyone
who is interested in a course can be present.

B- More Fun

Designing a course in a way that makes it

interactive and fun through the use of
multimedia or the more recently developed
methods of gamification enhances not only
your participation factor, but also the relative
lifetime of the course material in question.

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C- Cost Effective

This is directed to both learners and teachers,

but there is a good chance that whatever your
role you had to pay too much amounts of
money at some point to acquire updated
versions of textbooks for school or college.
While textbooks often become old after a
certain period of time, the need to constantly
acquire new editions is not present in e-
learning.

D- It Just Fits

As companies and organizations adopt

technologies to improve the efficiency of day-
to-day operations, the use of the internet
becomes a necessity.
As multinational corporations expand across
the globe, the chances of working with people
from other countries increases, and training
all those teams together is an issue that e-
learning successfully addresses.

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Concerns that arise with e-learning

• Even given all the benefits of e-learning, one

cannot deny there are some drawbacks. Practical
skills are somewhat harder to pick up from online
resources.
• For example, although building a wooden table is
something you can easily share information
about, record videos of and explain, the practical
experience is essential. car engineering are
examples of skills that require hands-on
experience.

A- Isolation

although e-learning offers ease, flexibility and the ability to

remotely access a classroom in the student’s own time,
learners may feel a sense of isolation.

This is because learning online is an individual act for the

most part, which may give the learner the feeling that they
are acting completely alone.

As technology progresses and e-learning benefits from the

advancements being made, learners can now engage more
actively with professors or other students using tools such
as video conferencing, social media, and discussion forums
amongst others.

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B- Health Related Concerns

• E-learning requires the use of a computer and other

such devices; this means that eyestrain(fatigue of the
eyes, such as that caused by reading or looking at a
computer screen for too long.), bad posture(a position
of a person's body when standing or sitting) and other
physical problems may affect the learner.

• When running an online course it’s a good practice to

send out guidelines about correct sitting posture, desk
height, and recommendations for regular breaks.

3- Can we learn online?

• One of the most longstanding discussions in the field of
education has been whether or not we can benefitfrom
e-learning to actually learn. Do we, as human beings,
have the ability to soak up information in this fashion,
and can we truly learn new skills and expand our
knowledge by learning virtually?
• We realize the reservations of people who will discuss
that computers promote postponement , however we
illustrate deeper and see the other side of the coin that
defines the unique advantages of learning online.

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Learning online in practice!

Universities already embrace the power of e-learning to
deliver content to students all over the world, even for free.
At a time in which universities are under great pressure to
deliver education, combining technology with education is
integral to coming up with a final product that will empower
the educational institution, set it apart, and allowit to grow
its student base worldwide.
Harvard and MIT are just two of the most well-known
universities that have launched programs focused on
offering classes online for free. Harvard videotapes its
lectures and puts them online, so even its own student body
can view and review them in case they missed a lecture or
need to review a section.

• Coursera is a hub for universities that choose to offer

online classes through its platform for free. Already,
companies and corporations spanning the globe accept
certificates of completion of classes offered in Coursera
as valid credits, as if they had been completed at the
university of origin.
• The material is essentially the same, the difference is
the medium. Harvard for example, takes the delivery of
online courses very seriously, delivering live classes
which are recorded and delivered online.

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4- Best practices of online training

Online learning can offer a wide range of

benefits. However, the knowledge that a
student is able to acquire this way depends
not only on the course material that is offered,
but also the practices used to provide them
with this information.

Here are just a few of the best practices of

online training which help to better facilitate
the e-learning process:

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A supportive community

Teachers and e-learning establishments

should encourage a strong sense of community
amongst their online students. This will enable
students to interact with one another and the
instructors, as well as with the resources
provided, making for an enhanced educational
experience!

Clear expectations

• Students should be aware of what they will be

receiving from the virtual class instruction, and
both parties should know the preferred method of
communication and delivery of the core
curriculum.
• For example, a teacher may prefer to email
assignments to students, while another might
choose to deliver it via the e-learning site instead.
Also, it’s best to have clear expectations about
how long each item of coursework should take to
complete.

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4- Asynchronous and synchronous activities

It’s important to incorporate activities that are
more interactive, as well as those that require
the student to brainstorm and research a topic
in depth. Thanks to the internet students can
now attend virtual live courses as well as
complete coursework offline that can enable
them to delve into a specific subject or skill set.

Effective usage of available resources

• To get the most out of the e-learning experience
both the teacher and the student should take full
advantage of the vast amount of resources that
are available online.
• There are literally hundreds of online services that
offer access to information, with Wikipedia being
a prominent example.
• Instructors should seize the opportunity to
enhance their content with online material or
redirect students to additional web resources.

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5- Learning vs. Training

It's important to understand the difference

between learning and training. Of course they
are inextricably linked, but they are unique
aspects of any educational process.
Training is the giving of information and
knowledge, through speech, the written word
or other methods of demonstration in a
manner that instructs the trainee.

Learning is the process of absorbing that

information in order to increase skills and
abilities and make use of it under a variety of
contexts.
Whatever the goals, the quality of the learning
will rely largely on the quality of the training,
and so the role of trainer is very important as
it can have a huge effect on the outcome of a
course for the learner.

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The characteristics of learning

learning is the process of absorbing information and
retaining it with the goal of increasing skills and abilities in
order to achieve goals - but it's more than that.
Learning is what we go through when we want to be
equipped for non-specific and unexpected situations and
the two are not mutually exclusive.
While you do learn to do something specific, you are also
inadvertently equipped with the knowledge and/or skills to
face future challenges.
In essence, learning is all about equipping a person to tackle
not just today's issues, but preparing him/her to creatively
come up with ways to tackle tomorrow's issues.

The characteristics of training

Training on the other hand focuses more on the

development of new skills or skill sets that will be used.
Training is the process each new employee goes through
when joining a company to learn how to carry out the day-
to-day operations, know how their department works and
how job-specific tools operate in order to carry out their
responsibilities.
In essence, through training, we are not looking to reshape
the behavior of an individual rather the point is to teach the
employee or learner how things are done so that they can
then carry out a process on their own.

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Ideally, an e-learning environment will utilize

both learning and training principles
throughout its curriculum.
This allows instructors/trainers to provide
their learners with the tools to tackle current
issues, develop life-long skills, improve on
their problem-solving skills and utilize
resources to the best of their ability.

6- E-learning in education vs. corporate sector

• E-learning allows both students and business

executives to learn anywhere and at any time. You
can learn from virtually any place with a computer
or mobile device and internet connection,
meaning you can study from home, on vacation or
in your break. But e-learning is more than about
convenience and there are fundamental
differences between e-learning in the corporate
sector and in education.

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What happens in the corporate environment?

• The role of corporate training is to ensure an employee has the

knowledge and skills to undertake a specific operation to enable an
organization to continue to operate.
• Fundamentally, corporate training is centered on knowledge
transfer. For example, conferences and workshops are an essential
yet expensive part of business and e-learning makes it affordable
and efficient - sales people, for instance, can receive their training on
new products and sales strategies online. E-learning can be
translated to lower costs to deliver training in a shorter period of
time, especially when employees are spread worldwide.
• Corporate education however adds another dimension and depth
to training by involving learners as participants in generating new
knowledge that assists an organization to develop and evolve.

The main characteristics of corporate learning are:

• Fast-paced: Enterprise learning is mostly "fast paced" because "time
is money" in the corporate world. Training needs to be delivered in
as short a time frame as possible with maximum results.
• Career-related: Enterprise learning helps employees gain new skills
to advance their careers inside the company. Enterprise LMSs have
additional modules to facilitate that process.
• Benefits organization: Enterprise learning focuses mainly on
pragmatic issues with immediate benefits for the organization rather
than just individual benefit. Ultimately training is required for the
organization to function correctly, and corporate education in order
for it to evolve and develop.

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• Training vs. Education: Enterprise is mostly focused on training,

while education is mostly about learning though "igniting curiosity"
(check out this related post on ‘Learning through Curiosity’). Training
usually means the act of being prepared for something, of being
taught or learning a particular skill and practicing it until the required
standard is reached. This has obvious practical implicationsfor the
workplace.
• Return on investment: An enterprise needs to be able to calculate
the ROI of its learning investment. In an educational context this ROI
is difficult to calculate and usually the effects of learning take years
to show.

What happens in educational institutes?

In comparison with corporate learning, learning in the

education sector focuses primarily on knowledge transfer
and not on training i.e. in education we mainly strive to learn
things with global scope (e.g. a subject such as mathematics)
whilst corporate e-learning is more focused on business
needs (e.g. new recruit induction).
The word education means to gain general theoretical
knowledge and this may or may not involve learning how to
do any specific practical work, tasks or skills.
Please note that there is some overlap and that the word
‘education’ can also refer to a process of training or
receiving tuition. For example, basic training in a field such
as health services is usually a combination of theoretical,
educational and practical learning skills.

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‫بالمقارنة مع التعلم المؤسسي ‪ ،‬يركز التعلم في قطاع التعليم بشكل‬

‫أساسي على نقل المعرفة وليس على التدريب ‪ ،‬أي في التعليم ‪ ،‬نسعى‬
‫بشكل أساسي لتعلم أشياء ذات نطاق عالمي (مثل مادة مثل الرياضيات)‬
‫بينما يركز التعلم اإللكتروني للشركات بشكل أكبر على احتياجات العمل‬
‫(على سبيل المثال ‪ ،‬تعريف التوظيف الجديد)‪.‬‬
‫• تعني كلمة "تعليم" اكتساب المعرفة النظرية العامة وقد يشمل ذلك أو‬
‫ال يشمل تعلم كيفية القيام بأي عمل أو مهام أو مهارات عملية محددة‪.‬‬
‫• يرجى مالحظة أن هناك بعض التداخل وأن كلمة "تعليم" يمكن أن‬
‫ضا إلى عملية تدريب أو تلقي دروس‪ .‬على سبيل المثال ‪،‬‬ ‫تشير أي ً‬
‫التدريب األساسي في مجال مثل الخدمات الصحية عادة ما يكون مزي ًجا‬
‫من مهارات التعلم النظرية والتعليمية والعملية‬

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Convergence

• Corporate e-learning professionals can learn from

academic e-learning initiatives and vice versa, and we
are currently seeing a convergence of academic and
corporate e-learning needs. For example, the academic
space is starting to gravitate towards incorporating
corporate methods in the classroom on how certain
topics are taught.
• And on the corporate side they’re shifting the model of
utilizing technologies in a way that supports the
traditional classroom of academics especially with
regards to blending technologies.

‫يمكن لمتخصصي التعلم اإللكتروني في الشركات التعلم من مبادرات التعلم‬

‫ ونحن نشهد حاليًا تقاربًا في‬، ‫اإللكتروني األكاديمية والعكس صحيح‬
‫ على سبيل‬.‫احتياجات التعلم اإللكتروني األكاديمية والمتعلقة بالشركات‬
‫ بدأ الفضاء األكاديمي في االنجذاب نحو دمج أساليب الشركات في‬، ‫المثال‬
.‫الفصل الدراسي حول كيفية تدريس موضوعات معينة‬
‫ فهم يغيرون نموذج استخدام التقنيات بطريقة تدعم‬، ‫• ومن جانب الشركة‬
.‫الفصول الدراسية التقليدية لألكاديميين خاصة فيما يتعلق بمزج التقنيات‬

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• There is obvious overlap: mobile learning for example is becoming

increasingly popular with learners having one if not more mobile
devices in their possession and taking these devices to school or
work.
• Learners have access to the internet and social networks via these
mobile devices so all the technologies required to gather
information, create content and communicate with other people are
readily available and naturally create an environment conduciveto
learning.
• Currently both the education and corporate sectors are struggling
to answer the exact same questions: how do we use these for
learning? How do instructional design, and teaching methodologies
and theories apply to delivering content via mobile devices? It’sonly
natural for knowledge to be shared across the table.

‫ التعلم المتنقل على سبيل المثال أصبح شائعًا بشكل‬:‫هناك تداخل واضح‬
‫متزايد مع امتالك المتعلمين لجهاز واحد إن لم يكن أكثر من األجهزة‬
.‫المحمولة في حوزتهم ونقل هذه األجهزة إلى المدرسة أو العمل‬
‫• يمكن للمتعلمين الوصول إلى اإلنترنت والشبكات االجتماعية عبر هذه‬
‫األجهزة المحمولة بحيث تكون جميع التقنيات المطلوبة لجمع المعلومات‬
‫وإنشاء المحتوى والتواصل مع اآلخرين متاحة بسهولة وتخلق بشكل طبيعي‬
.‫بيئة مواتية للتعلم‬
:‫• يكافح قطاعا التعليم والشركات حاليًا لإلجابة على نفس األسئلة بالضبط‬
‫كيف نستخدمها للتعلم؟ كيف يتم تطبيق منهجيات ونظريات التصميم التعليمي‬
‫والتدريس على توصيل المحتوى عبر األجهزة المحمولة؟ من الطبيعي أن‬
‫تتم مشاركة المعرفة عبر الطاولة‬
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7- The future of e-learning

E-learning is here to stay. As computer ownership grows

across the globe e-learning becomes increasingly viable and
accessible. Internet connection speeds are increasing, and
with that, opportunities for more multimedia training
methods arise.
With the immense improvement of mobile networks in the
past few years and the increase in telecommuting, taking all
the awesome features of e-learning on the road is a reality
with smartphones and other portable devices.
Technologies such as social media are also transforming
education constantly.

‫ مع نمو ملكية الكمبيوتر‬.‫التعلم اإللكتروني موجود ليبقى‬

ً‫ يصبح التعلم اإللكتروني قابال‬، ‫في جميع أنحاء العالم‬
‫ تتزايد‬.‫للتطبيق ويمكن الوصول إليه بشكل متزايد‬
‫ تظهر فرص‬، ‫ ومع ذلك‬، ‫سرعات االتصال باإلنترنت‬
.‫لمزيد من أساليب التدريب على الوسائط المتعددة‬
‫• مع التحسن الهائل لشبكات المحمول في السنوات القليلة‬
‫ أصبح أخذ جميع‬، ‫الماضية وزيادة العمل عن بعد‬
‫الميزات الرائعة للتعلم اإللكتروني على الطريق حقيقة‬
.‫واقعة مع الهواتف الذكية واألجهزة المحمولة األخرى‬
‫• تعمل تقنيات مثل وسائل التواصل االجتماعي على‬
.‫تغيير التعليم باستمرار‬

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• Generally speaking, learning is expensive, takes a

long time and the results can vary.
• E-learning has been trying for years now to
complement the way we learn to make it more
effective and measurable.
• The result now being that there are a number of
tools that help create interactive courses,
standardize the learning process and/or inject
informal elements to otherwise formal learning
processes.

.‫ التعلم مكلف ويستغرق وقتًا طويالً ويمكن أن تختلف النتائج‬، ‫بشكل عام‬
‫• يحاول التعلم اإللكتروني منذ سنوات أن يكمل الطريقة التي نتعلم بها‬
.‫أن نجعلها أكثر فعالية وقابلية للقياس‬
‫• النتيجة اآلن هي أن هناك عددًا من األدوات التي تساعد في إنشاء‬
‫ أو إدخال عناصر غير رسمية‬/ ‫ وتوحيد عملية التعلم و‬، ‫دورات تفاعلية‬
.‫إلى عمليات التعلم الرسمية‬

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Several e-learning trends give us a view to

how e-learning and learning tools will be
shaped in the future:

Micro-learning
• Micro-learning focuses on the design of micro-learning activities
through micro-steps in digital media environments, which already is
a daily reality for today's knowledge workers. These activities can
be incorporated into a learner's daily routines.
• Unlike "traditional" e-learning approaches, micro-learning often
tends towards push technology through push media, which reduces
the cognitive load on the learners.
• Therefore, the selection of micro-learning objects and also pace and
timing of micro-learning activities are of importance for didactical
designs. Micro-learning is an important paradigm shift that avoids
the need to have separate learning sessions since the learning
process is embedded in the daily routine of the end-user.
• It is also perfectly suited for mobile devices where long courses can
be overkill.

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‫يركز التعلم الجزئي على تصميم أنشطة التعلم الجزئي من خالل‬

‫خطوات صغيرة في بيئات الوسائط الرقمية ‪ ،‬والتي أصبحت بالفعل‬
‫حقيقة يومية للعاملين في مجال المعرفة اليوم‪ .‬يمكن دمج هذه‬
‫األنشطة في الروتين اليومي للمتعلم‪.‬‬
‫• على عكس مناهج التعلم اإللكتروني "التقليدية" ‪ ،‬غالبًا ما يميل‬
‫التعلم الجزئي نحو دفع التكنولوجيا من خالل وسائط الدفع ‪ ،‬مما يقلل‬
‫العبء المعرفي على المتعلمين‪.‬‬
‫• ولذلك ‪ ،‬فإن اختيار كائنات التعلم الجزئي وكذلك وتيرة وتوقيت‬
‫أنشطة التعلم الجزئي من األهمية بمكان للتصميمات التعليمية‪ .‬يعد‬
‫التعلم الجزئي نقلة نوعية مهمة تتجنب الحاجة إلى الحصول على‬
‫جلسات تعليمية منفصلة ألن عملية التعلم مضمنة في الروتين اليومي‬
‫للمستخدم النهائي‪.‬‬
‫• كما أنها مناسبة تما ًما لألجهزة المحمولة حيث يمكن أن تكون‬
‫الدورات التدريبية الطويلة مبالغة فيها‪.‬‬

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Gamification
Gamification is the use of game thinking and
game mechanics in a non-game context to
engage users and solve problems.
‫ هو استخدام تفكير اللعبة وميكانيكا اللعبة‬Gamification
‫في سياق غير متعلق باللعبة إلشراك المستخدمين وحل‬
.‫المشكالت‬

Personalized Learning
• Personalized Learning is the tailoring of pedagogy,
curriculum and learning environments to meet the
needs and aspirations of individual learners.
• Personalization is broader than just individualization or
differentiation in that it affords the learner a degree of
choice about what is learned, when it is learned and
how it is learned.
• This may not indicate unlimited choice since learners
will still have targets to be met. However, it may provide
learners the opportunity to learn in ways that suit their
individual learning styles and multiple intelligences.
End of part one

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‫التعلم المخصص هو تصميم طرق التدريس والمناهج وبيئات التعلم لتلبية‬

‫احتياجات وتطلعات المتعلمين الفرديين‪.‬‬
‫• التخصيص هو أوسع من مجرد التفرد أو التمايز من حيث أنه يمنح المتعلم‬
‫درجة من االختيار حول ما يتم تعلمه ‪ ،‬ومتى يتم تعلمه وكيف يتم تعلمه‪.‬‬
‫• قد ال يشير هذا إلى اختيار غير محدود ألن المتعلمين سيظل لديهم أهداف‬
‫يتعين تحقيقها‪ .‬ومع ذلك ‪ ،‬قد يوفر للمتعلمين فرصة التعلم بطرق تناسب‬
‫أساليب التعلم الفردية والذكاء المتعدد‬

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