Example –2
Determine the data and draw the winding
diagram for single layer winding of 3 phase
400 v0lt AC motor having 2 pole 24slots, 12
coil.
Answer -
Given data-
No of phase – 3
No of pole -2
No of slot – 24 , No of coil = 12
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
No of pole pitch = no of slot / no of pole
= 24 / 2 = 12
For full pitch coil
Coil pitch = pole pitch
So , coil pitch = 12
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Coil group = pole x phase
= 2 x 3 = 6
Coil per group = number of coils / coil group
= 12 / 6 = 2
2 is a integer number , so the winding is
balanced winding
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
No of pole pairs x 360°
Degree per slot =
No of slots
1 x 360°
= = 15°
24
Number of slot per phase displacement
120°
= = 8
15°
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Coil leads
A phase = 1
B phase = 1 + 8 = 9
C phase = 9 + 8 = 17
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Winding table
A B C
phase phase phase
1 - 10 9 - 18 17 - 2
+2 = 3 - 12 11 - 20 19 - 4
13 - 22 21 - 6 5 - 14
+2 = 15 - 24 23 - 8 7 - 16
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
1 10 3 12 13 22 15 24
9 18 11 20 21 6 23 8
17 2 19 4 5 14 7 16
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
DC
Armature Winding
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Pole Pitch YP
The pole pitch is defined as peripheral
distance between center of two adjacent
poles in DC machine.
NUMBER OF SLOT
YP =
NUMBER OF POLE
YP = NUMBER OF CONDUCTOR Z
NUMBER OF POLE
= P
GENERALLY POLE PITCH IS 180° ELECTRICAL
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Coil Span or Coil Pitch
Distance between two sides of coil is
called coil span.
That means all conductors of one side of a
particular coil must be placed in one single
slot only. Similarly, we place all conductors of
opposite side of the coil in another single
armature slot.
NUMBER OF SLOT
Coil span = =
NUMBER OF POLE
GENERALLY POLE PITCH IS 180° ELECTRICAL
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Front-pitch (Yf)
we define the front-pitch as the distance
between the second conductor of the next
coil which connects the front, i.e.,
commutator end of the armature. In other
words, it is the number difference of the
conductors connected together at the back
end of the armature. We are showing both
front and back pitches for a lap, and a wave
windings in the figure below.
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Y R
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Back Pitch (Yb)
A coil advances on the back of the
armature. This advancement is measured
in terms of armature conductors and is
called back pitch. It is equal to the
number difference of the conductor
connected to a given segment of the
commutator
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Resultant Pitch (YR)
It is the distance between the beginning of
one coil and the beginning of the next coil
to which it is connected. As a matter of
precautions, we should keep in mind that
all these pitches, though normally stated
concerning armature conductors, are also
times of armature slots or commutator bars
For lap winding YR = Yb - Yf
For wave winding YR = Yb + Yf
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Commutator Pitch Yc
The distance on the commutator segments
between two end of coil element.
For lap winding Yc = 1
For wave winding
Number of segment + - 1
Yc =
Pole pair
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Average Pitch YA
The average value of front pitch and
back pitch is called average pitch
Yb + Yf
YA =
2
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Lap Winding
If the winding is done in such a way that
the two ends of the coil are connected to
the adjacent commutator segments and
the shape of the winding is like laping
over eachother.
Where A = P
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Wave Winding
If the winding is done in such a way that
the two ends of the coil are connected
with that segment which is about one
pole pitch .the shape of the winding is like
wave.
P
Where A =
2
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Type of Lap Winding
Lap Winding
Simplex Lap Multiplex
Winding Lap Winding
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Simplex Lap Winding
In this type of winding the first end and last
end of the coil is connected to the
adjacent segment. That is finishing end of
the first coil is connected with the starting
end of the second coil.
in this case Y = 1
c
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Multiplex Lap Winding
When number of coils could be two , three
or four times than the number of slots .
When number of parallel paths need to be
increased without increasing the number of
pole.
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Duplex Lap Winding
When the last end of a first coil is
connected with the third segment that is
one segment left.
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Triplex Lap Winding
When first end of coil 1 is connected with
the forth segment that is two segment left.
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Quadraplex Lap Winding
When first end of coil 1 is connected with
the fifth segment that is three segment
left.
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Progressive lap winding
The connection to the commutator segment
will be in the same direction as the coil are
laid. In this case the back pitch Yb will be
grater than front pitchYf . The coil are laid in
clock wise direction .
Yb > Yf Yf
Yb
Yc = + 1
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Retrogressive lap winding
The connection to the commutator segment
will be in the opposite direction as the coil
are laid. In this case the back pitch Yb will be
less than front pitchYf . The coil are laid in
clock wise direction .
Yf
Yb < Yf Yb
Yc = - 1
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Law of lap winding
[Link] pitch Yf and back pitch Yb should
be approximately equal to pole pitch
YP
2. Front pitch and back pitch both are
odd number , that is 1 , 3 , 5 ,..........
3. In simplex lap winding both front pitch
and back pitch differ by the value of
two (2) conductor.
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
While in case of multiplex winding front pitch
and back pitch differ by the value of
2 x plex
Example:- 2 x plex
Simplex 2 x 1 = 2
Duplex 2 x 2 = 4
Triplex 2 x 3 = 6
4. Commutator pitch (Yc)
Simplex Yc = +- 1
Duplex Yc = +- 2
Triplex Yc = +- 3
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
5. Parallel path (A )
A = P x plex
Simplex A= P x 1 = P
Duplex A= P x 2 = 2 P
Triplex A = P x 3 = 3 P
6. Number of brush is equal to no of pole
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Example –1
Simplex lap winding , slot = 6 , pole = 2 ,
commutator segment = 6
Ans =
Pole Pitch YP
= slot / pole = 6 / 2 = 3
Number of coil
= no of commutator segment = 6
Number of conductor = coil x side
= 6 x 2 = 12
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
Back Pitch (Yb) = Z / P + 1 odd number
= 6 + 1 = 7
Front-pitch (Yf) = 7 - 2 Yb > Yf
= 5
Front pitch and back pitch both are odd
number
Commutator Pitch Y c
= + 1
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL
COIL SLOT NO CONDUCTOR NO. COMMUTATOR
SEGMENT
FROM TO ( + YP ) FROM TO ( + YB ) FROM TO
1 1 1 +3=4 1 1 +7=8 1 2
2 2 2+3=5 8- YF = 8 - 5 = 3 3+7=10 2 3
3 3 3+3=6 10 - 5 = 5 5+7=12 3 4
4 4 4 + 3 = 7=1 12 - 5 = 7 7+7=14 4 5
=2
5 5 5 + 3 = 8=2 14 - 5 = 9 9+7=16 5 6
=4
6 6 6 + 3 = 9 =3 16 - 5 = 11 11+7=18 6 1
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL =6
6 1 2 3
5
4
1 2 3 4 5 6
1
2
1 2 3 4 5 6
PRADIP KUMAR MONDAL