TAGBILARAN CITY COLLEGE

College of Business and Industry

Tagbilaran City, Bohol

Course Code NSTP1 Instructor Ritz Oniel P. Parducho

Course Title National Service Email
splpardz@[Link]
Training Program 1
Course Credits 3 units Contact Number
Course Consultation
7:30 – 11:30 AM
Classification Hours
Pre-Requisite(s) Consultation
302
Venue

Learning Module 3:
Duration of Delivery: Saturday, August 15, 2026
Due Date of Deliverables: Saturday, August 15, 2026

Intended Learning Outcomes:

• Define and expound on the nature and philosophical values of being a Filipino;
• Cite popular Filipino values of good citizenship; and
• Relate the concepts discussed to real-life situations.

LESSON 3: Values Development for Citizenship Training

The Preamble
The preamble to the 1987 Constitution states: “We, the sovereign Filipino people
imploring the aid of the Almighty god, in order to build a just and humane society and establish a
Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve
and develop out patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of
independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love,
equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution” (De Leon et al., 2011)
A preamble is an introductory and preliminary statement in a document that explains
the document’s purpose and underlying philosophy. It may cite historical facts pertinent to the
subject of the statute. The preamble to the constitution of the Philippines dictates that the
Philippines and the Filipino people are the sovereign masters of the Philippine Islands.
Philosophy of Values
Understanding the philosophy of human values is necessary in understanding Filipino
values such as family closeness and solidarity (pagkamalapit at pagkakaisa ng pamilya),
politeness (pagkamagalang through the use of po or ho ), hospitality, and gratitude (utang na
loob).
Values are both subjective and objective. They involve a subject or person who values
(e.g., a young girl) and an object or value to be realized (e.g., pagkamahinhin). Justice is objective
because it is a value that should be realized by all. There is a difference between value and
disvalue such as pleasure and pain, in life and death, poverty and affluence, heroism and
cowardice, truth and falsehood, right and wrong, holiness and sinfulness. The difference is not
only in the mind or simply matter of personal taste or preference. It is real and evident.
Filipino Values
What are Filipino values? What is distinctly Filipino in our value system? The Filipino
value system arises from our culture or way of life, our distinctive way of becoming human in this
particular place and time. We speak of Filipino values in a fourfold sense.
1. It is obvious that certain values take on a distinctively Filipino flavor for us. The Greek ideal
of moderation or meden agan, the Roman in medio stat virtus, and the Confucian and
Buddhist doctrine of the middle way or path, find their Filipino equivalent in walang labis,
walang kulang, or katamtaman lamang.
2. Speaking of Filipino values, we do not mean that elements of these Filipino values are
absent in the value systems of other people and cultures. All people eat, talk, and sing;
but they eat a variety of food, speak various languages, and sing different songs. Thus, we
easily recognize Filipino, American, Chinese, Japanese, or any other foreign food,
language, or music. The difference lies in the way these elements are ranked, combined,
or emphasized, so that they take on a distinctively Filipino slant or cast.
For instance, in China, honesty and hard work may rank highest; Chinese and
Japanese cultures greatly value politeness and beauty; American culture highlights
promptness and efficiency; and Filipino culture emphasizes spiritual and family
centeredness. In this sense of value ranking and prioritizing, we can speak of dominant
valFilipino values.
3. Universally, human values in the Filipino context (historical, cultural, socio-economic,
political, moral, and religious) take on a distinctive set of Filipino meaning and
motivations. This is true not only of the aims and goals, beliefs, convictions, and social
principles of the traditional value system of the lowland rural family but also of what Fr.
Horacio de la Costa, S.J. calls the Filipino “nationalistic” tradition (pagsasarili, pagkakaisa,
pakikisama, pakikipagkapwatao, and pagkabayani).
 A Filipino value is not a discrete item which exist alone, in isolation, or in a vacuum.
Filipino values like bahala na, utang na loob, hiya, pakikisama, and pakiusap are clustered
around core values like social acceptance, economic security, and social mobility. They
are always found in a definite context or set of circumstances.
4. Values in the sense of historical consciousness had evolved among the Filipino people,
leading to the concept of justice evolving from inequality to equality and to human dignity.
From the tribe, to the family, and to the nation, consciousness of different values varies
during the distinct periods of Philippine history.
From a historical perspective, the question to ask about Filipino values is: Ganito
kami noon: paano kayo ngayon? How are we to know toward what goal or direction
Filipino values ought to move?
Now that we have regained our democratic form of government and have arrived at privileged
historical karios, how do we transform Filipino values to build a more “just and humane society”
(Preamble, 1987 Constitution)? We need both external structural and internal cultural change. It
is here that the Christian faith, in the last analysis, should point the way to the kind of values
education needed for national reconstruction.
Good Citizenship Values
1. Love for God or Pagkamaka-Diyos
The Philippines is the only Christian nation in Asia, our population being predominantly
Catholic. Therefore, religiousness is a prime Filipino value.

Faith is the deeply rooted submission to a divine Creator and believing in His authority
over all creations. It is also putting oneself in the hands of the Divine Authority which is an
expression of faith in and unconditional love for God.

Jesus said to them, “Have faith in God . . . whoever says to this mountain; Be lifted up
and thrown in to the sea! And does not doubt at all in his heart but believes that what he
says will take place, it will be done for him” (Mark 11:22-23 Amplified Bible).

2. Love for Fellowmen or Pagkamaka-Tao

St. Paul defines love in a different way: Love is patient; it never fails; it is eternal. There
are faith, hope, and love and the greatest of these is love (1 Corinthians 13). It illustrates
the real essence of love which strengthens the foundation of the family and other social
groupings. It is the strongest force within the human community. It provides a deeper
meaning to the purpose of human existence.
 3. Love for Country or Pagkamaka-Bayan
Progressive countries are able to attain their economic goals because the people have
trust and confidence in their governments and are actively supporting their policies and
programs. These governments, in turn, reciprocate their people’s support with honest,
sound, and dynamic governance.

4. Love for the Environment or Pagkamaka-Kalikasan

Environment refers to everything that surrounds us from the natural world to the man-
made physical structures. Human interventions are important to derive the full benefits
from natural resources, but such interventions have at times gone beyond the limits of the
domain reserved for human utilization.

It is high time we work hand in hand to protect our natural resources and ecosystem.
In our own little way, we can start taking care of our immediate environment and
participate in the sustainable management of our natural resources.

Roots of the Filipino Character

Here are some highlights from “A Moral Recovery Programs: Building a People-
Building Nation” by Patricia Licuanan (1988)
The strengths and weaknesses of the Filipino have their roots in many factors such as
(a) the home environment, (b) the social environment, (c) culture and language, (d) history, (e) the
educational system, (f) religion, (g) the economic environment, (h) the political environment, (i)
mass media and (j) leadership and role models.
1. The Family and Home Environment. Child-bearing practices, family relations, and
family attitudes and orientation are the main components of the home environment.
Child-bearing Filipino family generally is characterized by high nurturance, low
independence training, and low discipline. The Filipino child grows up in an atmosphere
of affection and overprotection, where one learns security and trust, on the one hand,
and dependence, on the other. In the indulgent atmosphere of the Filipino home, rigid
standards of behavior or performance are not imposed, leading to a lack of discipline.
Attempts to maintain discipline come in the form of many “no’s” and “don’ts” and a
system of criticism to keep children in line. Sometimes, subtle comparisons among
siblings are also used by mothers to control their children. These may contribute to the
“crab mentality”.
In a large family where we are encouraged to get along with our siblings and other
relatives, we learn pakikipagkapwa-tao. In an authoritarian setting, we learn respect for
age and authority; at the same time, we become passive and dependent on authority. In
the family, children are taught to value family and to give it primary importance.
2. The Social Environment. The main components of the social environment are social
structures and social systems such as interpersonal, religious, and community
interaction. The social environment of the Filipino is characterized by feudal structure
with great gaps between the rich minority and the poor majority. These gaps are not
merely economic but cultural as well. With the elite being highly Westernized and
alienated from the masses. This feudal structure develops dependence and passivity.

The Filipino is raised in an environment where one must depend on relationships with
others in order to survive. In a poor country where resources are scarce and where the
systems meant to respond to people’s needs can be insensitive, inefficient, or non-
existent, the Filipino becomes very dependent on kinship and interpersonal relationships.

Sensitivity about hurting established relationships controls our behavior. We are

restrained from making criticisms no matter how constructive, so standards of quality are
not imposed. We have difficulty saying no to requests and are pressured to favor our
family and friends. That trying to get ahead of others is not considered acceptable exerts a
strong brake upon efforts to improve our individual performance. The struggle for survival
and our dependence on relationships make us in-group oriented.

3. Culture and Language. Much has been written about Filipino culture values. Such
characteristics as warmth and person orientation, devotion to family, and sense of joy
and humor are part of our culture and are reinforced by all socializing forces like family,
school, and peer group. Filipino culture rewards such traits and corresponding behavioral
patterns develop because they make one more likeable and enable life to proceed more
easily.
Aside from emphasizing interpersonal values, Filipino culture is also characterized by
an openness to the outside world which easily incorporates foreign elements without a
basic consciousness of our culture core. This is related to our colonial mentality and to
the use of English as the medium of instruction in schools.

The introduction of English as the medium of education de-Filipinized the youth and
thought them to regard American culture as superior. The use of English contributes also
to a lack of self-confidence on the part of Filipino. The fact that doing well means using a
foreign language, which foreigners inevitably handle better, leads to an inferiority
complex. At a very early age, we find our self-esteem depends on the mystery of
something foreign.
The use of foreign language may also explain Filipino’s unreflectiveness and mental
laziness. Thinking in our native language, but expressing ourselves in English, results not
only in a lack of confidence, but also in alack on our power of expression, imprecision, and
a stunted development of one’s intellectual powers.
4. History. We are the product of our colonial history, which is regarded by many as the
culprit behind our lack of nationalism and our colonial mentality. Colonialism developed
a mindset in the Filipino which encouraged us to think of the colonial power as superior
and more powerful. As a second-class citizen beneath Spanish and then the Americans,
we developed a dependence on foreign powers that makes us believe we are not
responsible for our country’s fate.

The Americans influence is more ingrained the Philippines because the Americans set
up a public school system where we learned English and the American way of life.
Present-day media reinforce these colonial influences and the Filipino elite set the
example by their Western ways.
Another vestige of our colonial past is our basic attitude toward the government, which
we have learned to identify as foreign and apart from us. Thus, we do not identify with
government and are distrustful and uncooperative toward it. Which we have learned from
our colonial past to regard as an enemy.

5. The Educational System. Aside from the problems inherent in the use of a foreign
language in our educational system, the educational system leads to other problems for
us as a people. The lack of suitable local textbooks and dependence on foreign
textbooks, particularly in the higher school levels, force Filipino student as well as their
teachers to use school materials that are irrelevant to the Philippine setting. From this
comes a mindset that things learned in school are not related to life.

Aside from the influences of the formal curriculum, there are the influences of the “hidden
curriculum” i.e., the values taught informally by the Philippine school system. Schools
appears to be highly authoritarian, with the teacher as the central focus. The Filipino
student is taught to be dependent on the teacher as we attempt to record verbatim what
the teacher says and to give this back during examinations in its original form with little
processing. Usually, teachers reward well-behaved and obedient students. Some
teachers tend to be uncomfortable with those who ask questions and express a different
viewpoint. Hence, the Filipino student learns passivity and conformity.

6. Religion. Religion is the root of the Filipino’s optimism and capacity to accept life’s
hardships. However, religion also instills in us attitudes of resignation and preoccupation
with the afterlife and superstitions.

7. The Economic Environment. Many local traits are rooted in the poverty and hard life that
is the lot of most Filipinos. Our difficulties drive us to take risks, impel us to work very
hard, and develop us in the ability to survive. Poverty, however, has also become an
excuse for graft and corruption, particularly among the lower rungs of the bureaucracy.
Unless things gets too difficult, passivity sets in.
 8. The Political Environment. The Philippine political environment is characterized by a
centralization of power. Political power or authority is concentrated in the hands of the
elite and the participation of most Filipinos often is limited in voting elections.

Similarly, basic services from the government are concentrated in Manila and its
outlying towns and provinces. A great majority of Filipinos are not reached by such basic
services as water, electricity, roads, and health services. Government structures and
systems--- e.g., justice and education---are often ineffective or inefficient.

Since the government often is not there to offer basic services, we depend on our
family, kin, and neighbors for our everyday needs. The absence of government enhances
our extreme family- and even community-centeredness. We find it difficult to identify with
a nation-family, since the government is not there to symbolize or represent the state.

The fact that political powers is still very much concentrated in the hands of a few
may lead to a lack of integrity and accountability in our public servants.

9. Mass Media. Mass media reinforce our colonial mentality. Advertisements using
Caucasian model and emphasizing a product’s similarity with imported brands are part
of our daily lives.

The tendency of media to produce escapist movies, soap operas, comics, etc., feed
the Filipino’s passivity. Rather than confront our poverty and oppression, we fantasize
instead. The propensity to use flashy sets, designer clothes, superstars, and other
bongga features reinforce porma.

10. Leadership and Role Models. Filipinos look up to their leaders as role models. Political
leaders are the main models, but all other leaders serve as role models as well. Thus,
when our leaders violate the law or show themselves to be self-serving and driven by
personal interest, when there is lack of public accountability, there is a negative impact
on the Filipinos.

Nationalism and Patriotism

The philosophy if nationalism nowadays does not concern itself much with the
aggressive and dangerous from of invidious nationalism that often occupies center stage in the
news and in the news and in sociological research. Although this pernicious from can be of
significant, instrumental value mobilizing oppressed people and giving them a sense of dignity, its
moral costs are usually taken by philosophers to outweigh its benefits.
 The term nationalism is generally used to describe two things. The first is the attitude
of the members of a nation which includes the concepts of national identity, origin, ethnicity, and
cultural ties. The second is the action that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve
or sustain full statehood with complete authority over domestic and international affairs.
Patriotism is love of and devotion to one’s country. The word comes from the Greek patris,
meaning “fatherland.” However, patriotism has had different meanings over time, and its meaning
is highly dependent upon context, geography, and philosophy. Although patriotism is used in
certain vernaculars as a synonym for nationalism is not necessarily considered an inherent part
of particularly some communities that may have their own holy places. This also implies a value
preference for a specific civic or political community.

Development of Nationalism and Patriotism in the Philippines

Nationalism is characterized by the attachment of superiority to one’s country, an
aspiration for its continuity and prosperity, and maintaining a high regard and respect for its las,
principles and policies. A country is an artificial body of people that need protection and identity.
The government constitutes all non-political and political personnel in the service of the country.
They range from the President to the last civil servant. Philippine nationalism witnessed an
upsurge of patriotic sentiments and nationalistic ideas in the late 1800s as a result of the Filipino
Propaganda Movement from 1872 to 1896. It became the main ideology of the first Asian
nationalist uprising, the Philippine Revolution 1896. Spain already ruled the Philippines for about
333 years before Philippine nationalism was developed
The term Filipino originally referred to Spaniards born in the Philippines and not in the
native inhabitants. But certain events finally led to the development of native patriotism and
transcended the cultural and geographical boundaries that had been barriers to the unification of
the inhabitants of the archipelago.

Personal Development Plan

Do you know where you are going to? Where do you see yourself one year, five years,
and perhaps ten years down the road?
A personal development plan will help you figure that out and help you get there.
Well (2012), in his book Seven Simple Steps—Life transformation Guide, states that
success requires an articulated goal. It is not a product of wishful thinking. Purpose will set the
context and get you thinking about your life and what is important to you.
Prepare your own personal development plan. Be guided by these components
suggested by Wells.
1. Your True Self- Begin with some introspection to help you define your values, your pattern, and
your beliefs.
2. Make It Personal- Understand success achievement, and what it means to you and to others.
3. Know Your Outcome- Set your goals and how to achieve them. This section is really about
knowing where you’re going.
4. Design Success- Lay out your “success blueprint” If the prior section covers where you’re
going, this is about how you’ll get there.
5. Harness the Power- Determine to make your plans a reality. In order to succeed, you need
more than a plan; that needs to be executed.
6. Accept Success- Establish a mindset to succeed in bringing your desired outcomes to fruition.
7. Life is Circular- Look forward to the future, and move on beyond the completion of your plan.

Conclusion
A value literally means the worth or importance of a particular thing. Some things have
greater value than other. Thing with greater value are more preferred and sought out by
individuals. They serve as a basis for a decision-making since people normally choose those
which will bring them happiness and contentment both intrinsically and extrinsically.
Happiness is the end point of every human action. This desire for happiness helps
create the picture of what we really need or want to or experience. In the process, we are able to
identify the things which we value the most.