Operating System
Objectives of the Day
1. Define what an operating system is.
2. Determine the classifications and types
of operating system.
3. Appreciate the importance of operating
system.
Installation
the act or process of making a machine ready
to be used in a certain place
✓ PHYSICAL INSTALLATION
Computer disassembly and assembly
❖ VIRTUAL INSTALLATION
Installation of software
Software
is the component of a computer system which
refers to the set of Instructions written in a
code-that computer can understand and
execute.
Another name for this set of instructions is
program.
3 Types of Software
1. Operating System
2. Application Software
3. Programming Language
Application Software
This is designed and written to perform
specific personal, business, or scientific
processing tasks, such as payroll, processing,
human resource management, or inventory
management.
Application Software
Programming Language
This software is use by Programmers for
making computer programs.
Instructions
BRAINSTORMING
➢What is an operating system?
➢What are the functions of an operating system?
➢What are the different types of operating
system?
➢What are the classifications of operating
system?
What is an
Operating
System?
Operating System
•the most important program that runs on a
computer.
•is the primary software that manages all the
hardware and other software on a computer.
•It is a software installed on a computer's hard drive
that enables the computer hardware to
communicate and operate with the computer
software.
Operating System
the most important program that runs in a
computer
Perform basic tasks such as:
❑ recognizing input from the keyboard
❑ sending output to the display screen
❑ keeping track of files and directories on the disk
❑ controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers
❑ responsible for security, ensuring that unauthorized users do not
access the system.
FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM
Memory Management
•Keeps track of the primary memory,
for example what part of it is in use
by whom, what part is not in use.
•allocates the memory when a process
or program requests it.
Processor Management
•Allocates the processor (CPU) to a
process and deallocates the processor
when it is no longer required.
Device Management
•Keeps track of all the devices.
•This is also called I/O controller that
decides which process gets the device,
when, and for how much time.
Files Management
•It manages all the file-related
activities such as organization
storage, retrieval, naming, sharing,
and protection of files.
Security
•Prevents unauthorized access to
programs and data by means of
passwords and other similar
techniques.
Job Accounting
•Keeping track of time & resource
used by various job and users.
Control Over System Performance
•Records delays between the request for
a service and from the system.
Interaction with the Operators
•Interaction may take place via the
console of the computer in the form of
instructions.
•The Operating System acknowledges the
same, does the corresponding action,
and informs the operation by a display
screen.
Error-detecting Aids
•Production of dumps, traces, error
messages, and other debugging and
error-detecting methods.
Coordination Between Other
Software and Users
•Coordination and assignment of
compilers, interpreters, assemblers, and
other software to the various users of the
computer systems.
Different Types of OS
1. Character User Interface or
Command-Line User Interface, CUI
2. Graphical User Interface, or GUI
Character User Interface or
Command-Line User Interface (CUI)
• is a way for users to
interact with computer
programs.
• It works by allowing the
user (client) to issue
commands as one or more
lines of text to a program.
• Good examples of CUIs are
MS-DOS and the Windows
Command Prompt.
DOS (Disk Operating System)
• was the first widely-installed operating system for
personal computers.
• It is a master control program that is automatically
run when you start your PC.
• It is a single-user operating system from Microsoft
for the PC. It was the first OS for the PC and is the
underlying control program for Windows 3.1, 95, 98
and ME. Windows NT, 2000 and XP emulate DOS
in order to support existing DOS applications.
DOS (Disk Operating System)
Graphical User Interface or GUI
• Modern operating
systems use a graphical
user interface, or GUI
(pronounced gooey).
• It lets you use your
mouse to click icons,
buttons, and menus, and
everything is clearly
displayed on the screen
using a combination of
graphics and text.
GUI Types of OS
Windows
Linux
BSD
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WINDOWS OS
•computer operating system (OS)
developed by Microsoft
Corporation to run personal
computers (PCs). Featuring the
first graphical user interface (GUI)
for IBM-compatible PCs
LINUX OS
•is a free and open-source operating
system first developed by Linus
Torvalds and friends that was first
announced August 25, 1991.
•The system can be distributed, used,
and expanded free of charge.
LINUX OS
UBUNTU INTERFACE
RED HAT LINUX INTERFACE
BSD OS
•Short for Berkeley Software Distribution
•is a Unix-like operating system first
introduced in late 1977
•it was developed at the Computer System
Research Group (CSRG) of the University
of California at Berkeley.
BSD OS
• BSDi Internet Server (BSD/OS)
• FreeBSD
• NetBSD
• OpenBSD
• macOS X
MAC OS INTERFACE
FreeBSD INTERFACE
Source: Market Share
Statistics for Internet
Technologies
The following image indicates the total market share of
all desktop operating systems (November, 2017).
EVOLUTION OF WINDOWS OS
EVOLUTION OF WINDOWS OS
• MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk • Windows 2000 - Feb 2000
Operating System) - • Windows XP – Oct 2001
released in 1985
• Windows Vista – Oct 2006
• Windows 1.0 – 2.0
• Windows 7 – October 22, 2009
- 1985-1992
• Windows 8 - August. 1, 2012
• Windows 3.1 - 1990–1994
• Windows 10 – July 29, 2015
• Windows 95 - August 1995
• Windows 98 - June 1998
MS-DOS INTERFACE
WINDOWS 1.0 INTERFACE
WINDOWS 3.1
INTERFACE
WINDOWS 95 INTERFACE
WINDOWS 2000
INTERFACE
WINDOWS XP
INTERFACE
WINDOWS VISTA INTERFACE
WINDOWS 7 INTERFACE
WINDOWS 8 INTERFACE
Classification of Operating System
Multi-user
Multi-processing
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Real time
Multi-user
•use the same computer at the
same time and different times.
•Examples: Linux, Unix, Windows
Multi-processing
•capable of supporting and
utilizing more than one
computer processor
•Examples: Linux, Unix, Windows
Multi-tasking
•capable of allowing multiple
software processes to run at the
same time.
•Examples: Unix, Windows
Multi-threading
•Allows different parts of a single
program to run concurrently.
•Examples: Linux, Unix, Windows
Real time
•Responds to input instantly.
•Example: Windows