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P5 Science Notes

The document outlines various biological and physical processes, including life cycles of plants and animals, heat transfer, light behavior, and human body systems. It explains the roles of the respiratory and circulatory systems, plant transport systems, and the water cycle. Additionally, it covers electrical systems, detailing the flow of current and the components involved.

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3 views5 pages

P5 Science Notes

The document outlines various biological and physical processes, including life cycles of plants and animals, heat transfer, light behavior, and human body systems. It explains the roles of the respiratory and circulatory systems, plant transport systems, and the water cycle. Additionally, it covers electrical systems, detailing the flow of current and the components involved.

Uploaded by

vindol72
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Cycles in Plants and Animals

• All living things grow, reproduce and die.

• Animals have different life cycles: Some undergo metamorphosis (e.g. frogs, insects), while others
do not (e.g. humans, birds).

• Plants reproduce through seeds: A seed → seedling → adult plant → flower → fruit → seeds
again.

• Pollination: Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.

• Fertilisation: Male cell from pollen fuses with female cell in ovary to form a seed.
Heat

• Heat travels from hotter places to colder places.

• Good conductors: Metal allows heat to pass quickly.

• Poor conductors: Wood, plastic slow heat transfer (used for handles).

• State changes involve heat gain/loss:

– Melting: solid → liquid (gain heat)

– Evaporation: liquid → gas (gain heat)

– Condensation: gas → liquid (lose heat)

Light

• Light travels in a straight line.

• Opaque objects block light → shadows formed.

• Larger shadows formed when object is closer to light source.


Human Respiratory System

• Brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide.

• When we inhale: chest expands, diaphragm moves down, air enters lungs.

• When we exhale: chest contracts, diaphragm moves up, air pushed out.

Human Circulatory System

• Heart pumps blood through blood vessels.

• Blood transports oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes waste.

• Respiratory & circulatory systems work together to supply oxygen for energy release.
Plant Transport System

• Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to leaves.

• Phloem transports food made in leaves to other parts.

• Photosynthesis occurs in leaves using: sunlight + water + carbon dioxide → food + oxygen.

Parts of a Flower

• Anther: Produces pollen (male).

• Stigma: Receives pollen.

• Ovary: Produces ovules (female).


Electrical System

• A complete circuit is needed for current to flow.

• Batteries provide electrical energy.

• Conductors allow electricity to flow (metals).

• Insulators block electricity (plastic, rubber).

Water Cycle

• Evaporation: Heat from sun changes water into water vapour.

• Condensation: Water vapour cools and becomes tiny water droplets in clouds.

• Precipitation: Rain falls when droplets become heavy.

• Cycle repeats to distribute water on Earth.

End of Notes

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