ictura

Tee-Beam
5
T-beam
5.1 Concept of
diagram for T-beam
Stress-strain
5.2
Position of neutral axis
force 5.3
of beam
KNm 5.4 To decide type
of resistance of beam
5.5 Moment
mm T-beam
5.6 Design of
bean 5.7 Flowchart for T-beam Analysis
le and
Exercise

concrete slab
mm:INTRODUCTION
floor systems, a
mm reinforced concrete
and, Particularly in
structures
In many construction a portion of
the slab
beams. In such a
ctore is cast monolithically with rectangular slab portion is
a part of the
beam in compression. The
quired above the beam behaves structurally as

web.
beam is called the
called the flange and the web or rib, the resulting
cross
side of the rectangular
mm are on either
lf the flange projectins other hand, if the flange
called T-beam. On the
force section resembles the T-shape and henceis is termed as
an inverted L and
eross-section resembles
the resulting
projection is on one side,
USing

L-beam. beam.
are analogous to doubly reinforced rectangular
ade (
The flanged beam analysis and design reinforcement
is provided by adding
m reinforced beams additional
compressive force
doubly this is providedby the sl1b concrete.
n
beams,
0m whereas in flanged
nthe compression zone, resistance only if it is situated in the compression
of Ote that the slab concrete can provide this of the beam.
to that
the slab must be perpendicular
T C Ol beam, Also, the spanning of

200 Flanged beams

f 30
an

200
L-beamns

T- beams
 of
Reinforced Strues
Design
Tee-Beam

19
=
distance between poonts of zero
moments in the beam
b = breadth of web or rib
118
D, = thickness of flange

b = actual width of the (lange

aFor continnous beams and irames, may be assumed as 0.7 times the effective
span.

5.1 Concept of Tee-beam

br-b
L-beam (-boam

Flange- -WOo

(o) T-beam conatructon

BEAMS
T AND L
FIG. 5.1 (a)

Effective width of flange distribution that

can be assumed
(b) SINGLY REINFORCED
stress (o) TEE BEAM (c) SLAB PORION
width of the slab with uniform width of flange. RECTANGULAR BEAMA
An equivalent the effective
calculation is called
act along with the
beam for strength be take
determination, the
effective width of flange may FIG. 5.1
In the absence of more
a c c u r a t e

the web plus

half the sum of d
than the breath of
but in no case greater
the following
as
beams on either side.
Tee-beam= Singly reinforced rectangular Slab portion of
distances to the adjacent
beam of size by x D size (b-b)x D
(a) For T -
beams
IS 456 2000 P. 36, 37
The analysis and design of T-beam is analogous to the analysis and design of doubly
b bw +6D
R.C. beam.
(b) For L - beams
In case of doubly R.C. beam, additional compressive resistance is obtained by providing

b, bw +3Df A in the compression zone.

12
While in T-beam, additional compressive resistance is obtained by considering siab
(c) For isolated beams
width shall be obtained as below but in no case greater tha concrete of width (b - b)as a flange of T-beam.
flange
The effective
actual width: Slab concrete can provide this resistance only if it is situated in the compressiOn

the slab must be perpendicular to that of the beam.

T beam
Zone. Also, the spanning of
: B=
A flanged beam also can be doubly reinforced. However, doubly reinforced flanged
the slab concrete.
Deams are rare as a large amount of compressive force is provided by

L beam : b=| 0.5o+ b Moment of [Link] singly reinforced M.R. of slab concrete
resistance of Tee beam rectangular beam
where. b effective width of flange
120 Design of Reinforced Te-beam

Steel area required Steel arca required

Steel area
Striuctures Position
of eutral axis 121
5.3
for Tee beam for singly reinforeed a5Sume that nautral axis lies at the
required for Lel
c
bottom of
rectangular beam slab portion.
F.= Force of total compression
iange.
5.2 Stress-strain diagram for T-beam:
Fe 0.36 fck br. Dp
F force of total tension (6)
0.0035
0.4461ck ca
0.42Xu
F-0.87 fyAst
(7)
0 If F> F. N.A. lies in the flange.

G If F. =
F, N.A. lies at the
junction of flange and web.
0.870.002
E+0.002

(b) STRAIN DIAGRAM

(in) If Fe < F, N.A. lies in the web
(o) SECTION (o) STRESs DAGRAM
to find depth of N.A. (x):
FIG. 5.2
br = width of flange
Force of compression =
Force of tension

C +C2 = T
b width of web

D= depth of flange 0.36 fck bw Xy +0.446 fck

(b -b) D =0.87 f, Ag . . (8)
Find value of
d =effective depth x by this equation.
D overal depth ) If*< Df. N.A. lies in the flange
C = force of compression in concrete (of rect. beam) in) If x
De. =
N.A. lies at the junction.
C 0.36 fck .

b u . (O n) If x >
De, N.A. lies in the web.
C force of compression in concrete (of slab)
C2 0.446 fok (b- b) D
ods
decided by
contradiction between the location of N.A. obtained by F. Fr and the location
(I equation (8),.
T force of tension in steel in web Substitute D, =
ye in equation (8) and
T =0.87 fyAst Find u
Z d 0.42 x
Where
Y 0.15 x +0.65
(5 Df

ORS Eng12015116
 e-Beam

122 Design of Reinforce

123
5.4 To decide type of beam: ci) If0.2
(Is : 456-2000
P. 96, Cl. G-2.2)
from equation (8).
Find
IS: 456-2000, P. 70
ndumax from
section (URS)
under reinforced My = 0.36 Au max
uXu max»
1-0.4242 u max
u maxu
balanced section (BAL)
section (ORS)
d
d fck bd
(i) i u > u max over
reinforced
045 fk r-b)
where
5.5 Moment of resistance of
*
beam
to be used max

:
ra- .

(13)
Case (1): Fe> F (IS
Neutral axis, lies in flange (x, < D) where : 456-2000. P. 97,.
zone becomes br x G-2.2.1)
flange the size of the compression
When the neutral axis lies in the yr= 0.15 Xu +0.65 D
the width of tension zone
has no effect on the
As does not resist any tension,
concrete
beam of dimensions Yr should
beam can be thought of as a rectangular not be more than D.
M.R. of the section. Therefore, this

bx .
R.C. beam.
(b) If Xu< Xu max under
reinforced section
beam is carried out as per singly
In this case, the analysis of IS: 456 2000, 97, CI.
Therefore, M, can be
calculated as per IS : 456 2000,
P. 96, CI. G. 1.1 .
P. G-2.3

Au
0.87 fy A b br
.

)If s0.43
0.36 fekb
IS: 456-2000, P. 96 CI. G-1.1 (6|
reinforced section (URS) Use
(i) Ifx <X max, under equation (12) above and substitute
xumax Xu
**
(10 i) If>0.43
My =0.87 fy Ast
> max over
reinforced section (ORS) us
balanced section or
Xy Xu
(i1) If x =
X max
Use equation (13) above and substitute
u X u max
5.6 T-beam design Xumax Xu
0.42 X max
Mlim
0.36 u max,
d
obpd Design steps for T-beam are
d
(IS: 456-2000, P. 96 CI. G-1.I ( as number:
) Assume,
lever arm (z),
Case (2): F < F
Neurtal axis, lies in web (x> D 2d-
(a) If xu =
Xy max, balanced section 2
(i) Then
(Is0.2
M 0.87 .fy. AstXZ
M,-0.36 -042 d
bd
0.87 1, Ast . . (14)
+0.45 fek (br - b) Dg
.

Find A from this

equation.
 Tee-beam

A Siruct. Find moment of Resistan

124
Example-1:
of a Tee 125
Deslgn of k I500
)
Flange
width mm
sing folowing daa.
()Find Fe= 0.36. fck by. D Web width
0K) mm
F 0.87 Iy Ast i)
Effective Depth A)mm
iiy
From Fe and F , decide the position of N.A. 4-20 mn
(iv)
Tension steel
Dia-le 41s
(iv)
C+C2 =T (v) Depth
of Flange 150 min
Find using cquation (8). (viy M 20
under reitorced
(V) From the values of x and x, max, decide whether the sectio (Der. 2M, Similar
ex. w16
balanced or over reinforced.
b-1600 SoAotion
M, as per IS : 456 2000, P. 96, 97 CI. G.-2.
(v1) Then find
chosen is OK, otnerwic revse
29 lmm
(VIu) It calculated M,> M, acting on thec beam, the section ,415 N/nm?
the section. D 150
A4-2
5.7 Flow chart of T-beam analysis: = 1256 mm
(Ref. IS 456-2000, P. 96,97, CI. G-2 d=600mm
F=0.36 f by .D
T-beam Analysis
0.36x 20x J500 x 150
Ast 1.62 x 106 N
FT 0.87 fy A
b=300 = 0.87 x 415 1256

- If Fe > F N.A lies in the falnge If Fc <

F, N.A. lies in web = 453478.8N
FIG. 5.3
Find My as per G-2.1 K < D Xu Df =0.453x 10 N
Here F> FyT N.A. lies in the flange
.

D
As per IS: 456-2000, P.96, cl. G 2.1
(i) If xu = Xu max (ii) If Dyu Xu max (iin) IfXu> u max
Find Mu as per singly RC beam.
over reinforced secto
balanced section under reinforced section To find
Find My as per
(Limiting section) 0.87 fy Ast
balanced section
u0.36 fek De
0.87 x 415 x 1256
DL s0.43 If Di>0.43
Xu 0.36x 20 x1500
41.98 mm < 150 mm 0.K.
irs0.2 0.2 Find M as Find M, as
d d u max0.48d
Find M, as per G-2.2 per G-2.2.1
Find M, as 0.48
=
x 600 under reinforced section.

per Cl. G-2.2

Per CI. G-2.2.1 In both cases

288 mm u u max
Substitute Xumax u

e e Engi201116
 Tee-Beam

126 ires 0.87 x 415 x 1953

Design of R 127
To find M,:
0.36 x 25 x 170
46.08 mm < 120 mm
=D,
My 0.87 fy Ast I.S.:456-2000 -

0.K.
0.48 d
max
0.87 415 1256 600 415 x 1256 P. 96
= x x x x
|20 x1500 x600 = 0.48 x 450

264.20 x 10° [Link] 216 mnm

264.20 kN.m 46.08 mm <
Xu max 216 mm
Example-2: Example-2 : Calculate the moment of reistance of T width beam having

1700 mm, depth of flange 120 mm, width of web 250 mm, effectivee depth of
= = under reinforced section
of flange =

450 and reinforced with 4 nos.

concrete
of 25 mm diameter bar. Take M-25 and
beam = mm
To find M,
Fe-415 steel.
(May 2015)

Solution M, =0.87f, As.d IS:

fck 25 N/mm2 456 2000, P. 96
-b-1700mm-

415 N/mm2 Dy 120mm

= 0.87 x 415 x 1953 x 450 x1- 415 x 1953
A 4 25 25x 1700 x 450
= 1953 mm- 303.86 x
10Ó [Link]
F = 0.36 fk b D
d-450mm
303.86 kN.m|
0.36 x 25 x 1700 x 120 Example-3: Calculate flange width of a
T-beam from the following data :
= 1836 x 10' N () Depth of flange = 110 mm

Fr 0.87 y A i) Width of rib =

400 mm
Ast
= 0.87 x 415 x 1953 (i) Effective span 6500 =
mm
bu-250mm (May 2015)
705.13x 10 N Solution: D 110 mm. =
400
FIG. 5.4
by =
mm. , =
6500 mm
IS: 456-2000, P. 37
Here. F > FT
N.A. lies in flange
b 6 +b +6
D Assume beam as simply supported
D 6500
calculated as per singly RC beam. 6 +400+6 x 110 = distance between points of zero moments
M, is

IS 456 2000, P. 96, CI. G-2.1 be = 2143.33

mm| effective span
Tofind = 6500 mm
0.87 1,A
Example-4 A R.C.C. T-beam section reinforced for tension has the following data:
:
0.36 f.b
Flange width 2000 mm
1)
Thickness of flange =130 mm
 Design of Reinforced
128
Structures Tebeam
129
Solution:

(11) Effective depth = 800 mm

D = 120 mm
Assume beam
(iv) Breadth of rib 400 mm
415 N/mm2
as
simply upported
moment of resistance of
the section. take
fy = by 2 5 0 mm

distance between points zero moments

Determine the limiting
(May 2003, May 2006, Nov. 200
k 20 N/mm
4000 mm effective span
456-2000, P. 37 = 4000 mm.
IS :
Solution:
Assnot given.
D2000mm ty +6 D
moment of resistance is t0 be
Limiting De-130mm 4000+150 +6 x 120
calculated. 6
d-800mm
Assume balanced section. b 1636.66 mm

Art Cvample-6: Find Moment of Resistence

fck 20 N/mm-, f, =415 N/mm of a Tee Beam using following data:
by=400mm Flange width 1500 mm.
As per IS: 456-2000, P. 96, CI. G-2.2 )
(i) Web Width- 230 mm.
D_130 FIG. 5.5
Cin) Overall Depth of Beam 600 mm.
-

d 800
(iv) Effective cover 50 mm.
0.162 < 0.2
()Depth of Flange 150 mm.
0.48 d (vi) Main steel 4 Nos 16 mm ¢. Use M 20, Fe 415.
M0.36 1-0.42
d
fckby . d Xu max
=
(June 2007, Nov. 2013)
Solution:
= 0.48 x 800
byb)Drd- 20 N/mm
, 415 N/nmm2 b=1500
= 384 mm

-0.42 x8 4 x 20 x 400 x 800

A4 16 o bars
=0.36 x 800 X
800 804 mm
d 550
130 F =0.36 fck br Dr .
-600
+0.45 x 20 (2000 400) x 130 x
800- =
0.36 20 4-16
x x 1500 x 150 Ast
= 706.37 x 100 +1375.92 x 10° = 1620,000DN
50=e
= 2082.29x 10° [Link]
F, 0.87 y Ast b-230
M, - 2082.29 kN.m =
0.87 x 415 x 804 FIG. .b

Example-5: Calculate flange width of a T-beam from following data 290,284.1 N

(1) Depth of flange = 120 mm here,
F [Link] in flange. D
Width of rib 250 IS: 456
(1i)
= mm
2000, P. 96, CI. G. 2.
= 4 m alculate M, as per singly R.C. beam.
(1) Effective span (June 201

DORS
 Tee-beam

Design of Reinforced Structures 0.36 fck br. D.

130 F. =

20 x 1500x 100 131

0.36 x

tofind 1.08 x 10° N

0.87 fy As F. =

u0.36 fck . bf
F 0.87 ly Ast
0.87 x 415 x 4454
415 x 804
0.87 x

0.36 x 20 x 1500 1.608 x 10° N

= 26.87 mm < Df ... O.K.
FF
N.A. lies in web.
x> D
max
= 0.48 d
tofind Xu
= 0,48 x 550 = T
C +C2
264 mm +0.45 fck (br-
under reinforced section (URS)
0.36fck bw Xu
b) D=0.87 fy Ast
u max. 0.36 x 20 x 300 x Xu+045 x 20 x
(1500 -300)
To find M,: 2160 Xx + 1080000 = 1.608 x 106
x
100 =0.87 x 415 x 4454

Xu 244.44 mm
M,=0.87,Ad bya Here, Xu > De 0 . K.
415 x 804
Xu max = 0.48 d
= 0.87 x 415 x 804 x 550
20x1500 x 550 0.48
IS: 456-2000. P. 70
= x 600
= 156.42 x 10° N. mm
288 mm
= 156.42 kN.m Here, X Xu max .under reinforced section
Example-7: Determine factored moment for the T-beam with the following requirements As per 1S:
(Dec. 2011, Similar May 2013 456-2000, P. 97, CI. G-2.3
Width of flange = 1500 mm

i) Depth of flange = 100 mm D 100

=
0.409 < 0.43
Xu 244.44
(ii) Width of rib = 300 mm

(iv) Overall depth = 650 mm

Use equation G-2.2, IS: 456, P. 96
Tensile reinforcement total 8 nos.
Use x max =
(v) Xu
6 nos. of 28 mm and
Dr-1500mm My0.36 Xy ax
2 nos. of 22 mm of an effective
d
0.42 Ay|fk
d
bw
cover of 50 mm. Take M-20 concrete and f =100mm
415 steel
Solution D-650mm d-600mm
2 0 Nmms, f, = 415 N/mm At 0.36 x 244.44 20x 300 x 600
****50mm -0.42 x**|x
A 6 - 28 mm o +2 22 mm o 600 600
=3694 + 760 (SP. 16, P. 229) by 300mm
*045 x 20
= 4454 mm
FIG. 5.7
x
(1500 -

300) x 100 x
U2
 Tte-beam
132 Structures
Design of Reinforced which is not
D... possible.
262.58 10° Here, Xu 133
x + 594 x 10° =
856.58 x 10° [Link] not O. K.
M 856.58 kN.m
Substitute yr
in place of De in the above
Example-8 Calculate factor moment for
:
equation and find x
a T-beam with following data O.15 Ku D +0.65
IS:
i)Width of flange = 1500 mm y
0.15 xu +0.65 x 100
456-2000, P. 97
(11) Depth of beam = 750 mnm
= 0.15 Ku + 65
(i) Width of web = 300 mm
0.36 fck bw u +0.45 fek b- b)
(v) Flange thickness = 100 mm y =087 f, A
1620 X., +0.45 x 15 (1500 300) (0.15 -

(v) Beam is reinforced with 7 nos. of 28 mm at an effective cover

of 50 mm. take xu +65) 937.42 =
x 103
M-15 and f-250 1620 X +8100 (0.15 x + 65) =937.42 x 103

What U.D.L. the above beam can carry if it is supported on 6 m span. 1620 xu+ 1215 X + 526500 =937.42 x 103

Solution: 2835 x 410920

ck 15 N/mm*, f, = 250 N/mm b 1500mm 144.94 mm

A 7-28 mm ¢ De N.A. lies in web 0.K.
= 4310 mm (SP. 16, P. 229) D-100mm u max 0.53 d
IS: 456-2000, P. 70
= 0.53 x 700
D-750mm d 700mm
F 0.36 k [Link] = 371 mm
= 0.36 x 15 x 1500 x 100
u Xu max . under reinforced section
810810x 10 N bw 300mm
As per IS : 456-2000, P. 97, CI. G-2.3

F 0.87Iy Ast D100

FIG. 5.8 144..94 = 0.68> 0.43
0.87x 250 x 4310
Use equation G-2.2.1 of IS: 456, P. 97
937.42 x 10 N| Substitute x max = X = 144.94
Here, F. < N.A. lies in web . Xu> Dr
M0.36 10.42 [Link]=0.15xu+0.65 D
tofind Nu
= 0.15 x 144.94
C+C =T 045 f (r b) Yrd
0 36 fk by +0.45 fck (by-b) D =0.87 fy Ast +0.65 x 100
0.36 x 15 x 300 x x, + 045 x I5 x (1500 - 300) x 100 = 0.87 x 250 asa 0.36 x44.94 1-0.42 144.94 x 15 x 300 x 700
700 700
1620 810000 =
937.42 x 10 86.74 mm D
*0.45 86.7
127420 (1500- 300) 86.74x 700 2
x 15 x x

1620 1S0.06 10 + 461.34

x
OK
611.40 10 x
78.65 mm x 10 [Link]
M =61140 KN m
 Design of Reinforced Str Trebeam

134
tofind
C +C2 T
Now, My 135
8
0.36fck bw Xu 45
106Wx
60004 0.36 x 20 x 300:
fck (b b) D =0.87
611.40x 8 (factored) +045 x 20
W 135.86 kN/m (1000 300
W = 135.86 N/mm 2160X+ 756000 =
1020688.35 120 0.87 x
415 2327
Working u.d.l. = 35.80 90.57 kN/m 2160 264688.35
1.5 x 25
0.30) Xu 122.54 mm
0.10 +0.65
x

Self wt. of beam =

(1.5 x

8.625 kN/m
(Refer figure)
=

8.625
XuD.. O.K.
90.57
-

Safe u.d.l. for beam

=

Xu max =
0.48 d
W =81.94 kN/m|
dimensions = 0.48x 450
IS : 456-2000, P. 70
beam has the following
Example-9: A flanged
216 mm
1000 mm
width of flange
=

XuXu max
width of web 300 mm under reinforced
section (URS)
thickness of slab =120 mm
120
500 mm
=
0.98 > 0.43
overall depth of
beam =
122.54
50 mm Use equation
=
effective c o v e r G
= 2827 mm
2.2.1, IS : 456, P. 97
reinforcement
tensile
resistance of the beam.
Substitute Xy max =
Xy =
122.54
moment of mm
Find out
concrete = M-20 grade 36 Aa1-0.42
d
steel Fe-415 grade b-1000mm ck d
Yf =0.15 Ky +0.65 D
Solution: 0.45
N/mm fot by-b) 0.15
415
yrd4
=
x 122.54
fck 20 N/mm, fy
=

Ast 2827 mm +0.65 x 120

d-450mm =
0.36 x
F 0.36 fck . br. De
=

1000 x 120
D-500mm
450 1-0.42 x 45054 x 20 x 300 x 450 =
96.38 mm < D;
= 0.36 x 20 x

F864000 N Jomm +0.45 x 20 x

(1000 300) -

96.38 96.38
. O.K
F 0.87 fy Ast b300mm
x x
450-
= 0.87 x 415 x 2827
FIG. 5.9 105.48 x
10 +243.97x 10
1020688.35 N
F =

349.45 x 10° [Link]

FP |My 349.45 kN.m
N.A. lies in web. X> De
 TeeBeam

1R00X 871.5 K, +
340250 =
70%741
136 Design of Kelnforcedsuructure
ions
2677.5 = 328491 137
RCC Tee beam having following dimen
RCC Tee
and M, for an
Example-10: Find max Ty
respectively : 100 mm and 900 mm 122.68 mm > Dg 100 mm.
OK
Depth and width of flange 250 mm m
and 550 mm. N.A. lies in web.
respectively:
effective depth
Width of web and = 0.48 d
umax
Tension steel 4 25 . (June 2010) = 0.48 250
415.
Take M.20 and Fe
264 mm
Solution :
br-900mm here, , Xumax Under reinforced section.
ck 20 N/mm IS : 456 2000, p.97,
f, 415 N/mm D-100m CIG 2.3,

As 4 25 D 100
1226R 0.815 > 043
1963 mm d-550mm
F = 0.36 fk br D
use
equation G 2.2.1, P.97.
100 - Substitute umaxu = 122.68 mm
0 . 3 6 x 20x 900x AST

= 648,000 N

0.87 As
M =0.36a1-0.42
d
ab
Fr f, by-250mmn
0.87x 415x 1963 9.15 ,
Y +
065 D,
045
= 708741 NN FIG.5.10 fa (b- b) d 0.15 122% -065 1

here 83.40 mm <D, OK

Fr Fc
N.A. lies in the
web. 036x 22.b8
550 1-0.42 x 20 250 550
D
+0.45x 20x
To find x (900 250)x 83.40 550-
C+C=T =
110x 10+ 248.0 10
0.36 fck b, +045
f (b- b) Dr =
0.87
fy As 358 x 10 [Link]
100 = 708741
20x (900 250) x
0.36 20 x
250 x x, + 0.45 M, 358 kN.m
708741
1800x, 585,000
+
Example-11: Calculate area of steel required for the factored
68.75 mm < D, =
10) mm .
not OK
the T-beam with the following requirements
momenm
of 450 kNm for

Which is not possible () width of flange 1250 mm =

Find , by putting y in place of D in the above equation. (ii) depth of

flange 100 mm =

Y0.15 +065 D, ii) width of web = 250 mm

i00 IS: 456, P.97 (iv) overall depth

=0.15 x +0.65 = 600 mm

= 0.15 +65 (v) effective depth 550 mm

0.36fb 1, +045 f d- b) D, =0.87 f, A Take M 20 concrete mix and -415 steel.

f,
-

0.36 20250 , +045 29 (00- 250) (0.15 x, +65) =708141 DORS Eng\2015118
 The-beam
+ 0.65
Design of Reinforced Structures ye
0.15 Xu D
138 IS : 456-2000, 139
= 0.15 xu +0.65 x 10o P. 97
Solution b1250mm
= 0.15 u +65
fck 20 N/mm2 bw 0.45
De-100mm .36 fck u fek (b -

b) D =0.87
f 415 N/mm 0.36 20 x 250 x +0.45 x f. A_t
M, = 450 kN.m d-550mm
1800 + 1350 Xu + 585000
20(1250-250)x (0.15 x, +65) =0.87
=970 x 103 x 415 x2689
3150 x = 385000
-d-
assume, lever arm =
z
u122.22 mm
100 by-250mm
z 550- 2 X D N.A. lies in web.
.. 0.K.
FIG. 5.11 max= 0.48 d
Xu
z = 500 mm
0.48x 550
IS : 456-2000, P. 70
My = 0.87 fy . Ast X 2

X 500 264 mm
450 x 10° = 0.87 x 415 x Ast
Ast 2492 mm
u X u max
under reinforced section

Provide 4-28 + 2 - 12 As per IS: 456-2000, P. 97, CI. G-2.3

Ast 2463 226

DE100 =
0.81 > 0.43
provided) Xu 122.22
2689 mm (Ast
Now, analyse the
beam with this Ast Use equation G-2.2.1, IS : 456-2000, P. 97
F =0.87 fy Ast
Use
Fe =0.36 fck br. Dr 415 x 2689 Xu max =
Xu= 122.22 mm
= 0.87 x
1250 x 100
20 x
= 0.36 x

10 N 970 x N
10 970
. 0.36
1-0.42 ot b yf 0.15 X +0.65D
|Fe 900 x =

N.A. lies in web

XDf
F<F
+0.45 fek o b) yd = 0.15x 122.22
+0.65 x 100
tofind u
C +C2 T

fck (b b ) D =0.87 fy
Ast
=
0.36 xL1-0.42x
S50 550
x
20 x 250 x(550) 83.33 mm <D
u+045
0.36 fk b 250) x 100 = 970 x 105 O.K.
+0.45 x 20 (1250
0.36 x 20x 250 x x,, +0.45 x 20 (1250 250) x 83.33 55083.33)

1800 x, 900000 970 x 10

=
109.70 x 10 + 381.23 x 10
1800 x, 70000 My =490.93x 10° [Link]
3 8 88 mm My 490.93 kN.m
here x D, Which is not possble . not O.K. 490.93 kN.m> 450 kN.m
. Hence 0.K.
Substitute v in placPs of D in the above equation and find xu
140 Design of Reinfe ToBeam
Determine area of tension reinforcement for infor
rced Structures y max=0.48 8d
Example-12
300 kN.m. Use M-20 and fe-415
steel. T-beam to resistTo Tesist factored
0.48 x 700
IS:
456-2000, P. 70
141
moment =

Width of flange = 1400 mm 3 3 6 mm

300 mm u X um a x
under reinforced section.
Width of web
Thickness of flange = 100 mm tofind M,

Effective depth = 700 mm b 1400Omm M 0.87 fy Ast d f.b.d

ke h
take b = b
Solution:
Assume M-20 concrete and
fe-415 steel I100m = 0.87 x 415 x 1407 x 7001-45x1407
d-700mm
20x1400x 700
M 300 kN.m
= 345.0 x 10° [Link]
d t
Assume, lever arm = z = -

= 345.0 kN.m
M
Z 700
100 bw 300mm 345.0kN.m> 300 kN.m
2 . Hence O.K.
= 650 mm
FIG. 5.12
amnle-13 Design T-beam for effective span of 6 m. It has to support concrete slab
My 0.87 fy Ast XZ 25 nm thick with live load 3 kN/m*. Take spacing of beam 3.0 m. Take M 20, Fe-415.
300x 10 = 0.87 x 415 x A_t X 650
June 2009)
Ast1278.32 mm Solution
Provide 7 Nos -16 bars At 1407 mm (A_t Provided) fck 20 N/mm
fy 415 N/mm2
| As 1407 mm
Now, analyse the beam using this Ast
Fe 0.36 fck br. De F 0.87 fy Ast
= 0.36 x 20 x 1400x 100 = 0.87 x 415 x 1407
D 125mm
F 1008000 N F S07997 N
N.A. lies in flange.
FeFr
the beam as per singly RC beam
Analyse
(Ref IS: 456-2000, P. 96, CI. G-2.|
tofind x 3000mm-
0.87 fyAt
*u
0.36 fek .D FIG. 5.13

0.87 x 415x 1407

0.36x 20 x 1400
Span of beam =6 m
XuD O.K.
50.40 mm Assume depth of beam 17=
10
00CSEngi2011118
 Design of Reinforced
143
142 6000 Tee-Bean
6000 5752
to 10 0.632 x 20 x 300 x
M,lim =

= 12 = 1253.73 x 10 [Link]
mm
= 500 to 600
= 1253.73 kN.m
500
a singly T-beam.
mm
of web =
< M,lim Design as
Let depth Since M,
D 500 + 125
z -d- y
=

Overall depth =

Z
625 mm .. M, = 0.87 f, Ax
125
Assume effective
cover = 50 mm

149.4 x 10 = 0.87 x 415 x

A x 512.5 =575
d 625 50
512.5 mm
Ast 807.40 mm2
575 mm
16 ¢ (A = 804 mm)
Assume bw 300 mm. Provide 4 nos

checked.
The design is now

by +6D D
F =0.36fk br 2050 x125 20 x
= 0.36 x
6000
+3006 x 125 IS 456- 2000, P.37 = 1.845 x 10 N
6
F0.87 y A
by =2050 mm
415x 804
Load calculation = 0.87 x
i) D.L. of slab = (3.0 x 0.125) x 25 9.375 kN/m
= 0.29x 106 N
N.A. lies in the flange.
i) D.L. of rib =
(0.3 x
0.500) x 25 = 3.75 kN/m Since, Fc> FT,
singly beam.
(ii) Live load Analyse the beam as per
= 3 kN/m x 3.0 m width = 9.00 kN/m
To find x
Total 22.125 kN/m
P.96
Factored w = 1.5 x 22.125 0.87 f, As IS: 456- 2000,

33.20 kN/m u0.36 fck b

0.87x 415x 804
factored moment 33.20 x 62
M, = =
0.36 x 20x 2050
= 19.66 mm
M 149.4 kN.m IS 456- 2000, P.70
From Sp.16, P.94, table 58. "umax 0.48 d

2 0.48 x 575
DL0=5 0 6.83
bw 300 = 276 mm
u umax U.R.S.

To find M,:
M,lim M = T x Z
fokb d?
=
0.632 0.87 f, Asx (d - 0.42 )
 144 Design of Snucure
145
= 0.87 x 415 x 804 x (575 - 0.42 x 19.66)
Reinforce u.d.l= w =
1.5x 60 90 kN/m
Factone

= 164.51 x 10° [Link] 90 x6

405 kN.m
> 149.4 kN.m
164.51 kN.m M
The design is OK. 93, table-57
SP. 16, P.
From
Example-14: Design the reinforcement for a T-beam for the following data, If bean
span and subjected to total U.D.L. of 60 kN/m of span.
beam b2030-8.12, 0.20
is simply supported on 6 m
650
250
(i) Spacing of beam =3.5 m b
(ii) Thickness of slab =130 mm M, lim
= 0.720
bw-d2
(ii) Width of web = 250 mm

(iv) Overall depth = 700 mm

M,lim= 0.720
x 25 x 250 x 6502

(v) Effective cover = 50 mm = 1901.25 x 106 [Link]

Use M-25 concrete mix and Fe-250 as steel.

= 1901.25 kN.m

Solution:
MM,lim
fck 2 5 N/mm2
as a singly T-beam.
Design
fy 250 N/mm2
Calculate Ast by the following equation.
Z=d- Dr
134
650
My 0.87 fy Ast x Z 2
585 585 mm
405 x 106 =0.87 x 250 x Ast x

Ast 3183 mm2

32 bars (A 3217 mm)

Provide 4 NOS -

The design is now checked.

250 bw-250
F 0.36
SPACING3500 f b D
0.36 x 25 x 2030 x 130
FIG. 5.14
2.375x 10 N

IS:456-2000, P. 37
F 0.87 fy As
br +bw
6
+6D,
0.87 x 250 x 3217
60004 250 + 6 x 130 0.699 x 10 N
6
= 1000 + 250 + 780 ince, Fc > FT, N.A. lies in the flange.
= 2030 mm beam.

Analyse the beam

as per singly

0ORS Eng 12015119

 Design of Reinforced s
146
Tee-Beam 147
To find r,
F
0.36 fckbrD Fr 0.87 f,A
0.87 f, Ag IS: 456 2000, P.96 = 0.36 x 20 x 900 x 100 0.87
= x 415 x 2945
0.36 fab = 648000 N = 1063292.25 N

3217
0.87x 250 x Fr Fc N.A. lies in web D.
0.36 x 25 x 2030
Tofind
38.29 mm C +C2 T
*umax
0.53 d 0.36 fek b u +0.45 fek (b-b) D = 0.87 f, A
0.53x 650
0.36 x 20 x 250 x zy +0.45 x 20 x (900 -

250) x 100 =1063292.25

= 344.5 mm
. 1800 x + 585000 =1063292.25
umax . U.R.S.
478292.
To find M,: . 1800 u
265.72 mm D. Hence O.K.
M,=0.87 1, A o bd Fymax=
0.48 d

= 0.48 x 600
250 x 3217 288 mm
=
0.87 x 250 x 3217 x
63025 x2030 x650 max. under reinforced section (URS)
443.71
u
=
x 10° [Link] G .2.3
= 443.71 kN.m> 405 kN.m
As per IS: 456-2000 P.97, Cl.
..
The design is OK.
OR D 10 = 0.376 <0.43
My = Tx Z
265.7

use equation G.2.2, Page-96

=0.87 f, A, (d 0.42
Example-15: Find moment
() effective width of flange 900 mm
of resistance of a T-beam from the following data. M, U.36 X,
max =
a bw+045fa r-b)Dd
=
d
(ii) thickness of flange 100 mm = 250 x
600
=
0.36 x 20 x10.42 x x
600
20 x

(ii) effective depth = 600 mm

(iv) width of web 250 mm
(v)Area of tensile stecl = 2945 mm2 b-900mm +0.45 x 20 x (900 250) x 100 x (600
(vi) Grade of concrete and steel D=100m
=M-20, Fe- 233.59 x 106 + 321.75 x 10
415. (Similar May 2014)
d600mm 555.34 x 106 [Link]
Solution
Ast 2945 mm2 Ast M 555.34 kN.m
fok 20 N/mm2 bw-25Qmm
fy= 415 N/mm2 FIG. 5.15
 Design Qf Reinforcea Structure
148
EXERCISE

Tee-beam from following data:

Calculate tlange width of a
of flange 120 mm
(i) depth =

(i) width of rib 350 mm =

(i) eftective span 7500 mm = (Ans. b 2320 mm) (May 20

A R.C.C. Tee-beam section reinforced for tension has the following data:

() ange width = 1500 mm (ii) effective depth =750 mm

(i) thickness of flange = 120 mm (iv) width of rib = 350 mm
Determine the limiting moment of resistance of the section. Take M-20
Fe415 steel. concrete ad
(Ans. M, lim = 1400.21 kN.
3. Find out limiting value of M.R.
of T beam for the following
data
width of flange = 1800 mm
i) Depth of flange 120 mm =

(ii) Width of web = 250 mm

(iv) effective depth of beam 450 =
mm
() concrete grade M 15.
(vi) Reinforcement 4 Nos. 25 mm dia. of Fe-415 grade steel.

Find (Ans. M, lim =

560.76 kN/m
out limiting value of M.R. of T - beam with the
) flange width = 1500 mm following data :
i) depth of flange = 120 mm
(ii) width of web = 230 mm
(iv) clear depth of web 450 mm =

(v)effective cover =50 mm

(vi) M-20 and steel Fe-415
concrete
grade. (Ans. d 520 mm, M, =
Find M.R. of a T beam with the
-

following data
=
781.56 kN.m
G) flange width 1500 mm =
(iv effective depth 450 mm =
(ii) depth of flange 100 =
mm (v) steel 3 nos. 28
(i) width of web 300 mm =
(vi) Use M-15 & Fe-415 stecel.
(Ans. Xu 82.33 mm,
6. Calculate Ultimate moment of resistance M, for Tee-beam with following
=
277.4 kN.m
) Mange 2000 mm
x120 mm dimensions
(i) rib 250 x 430 mmc
(ii) Steel in tension,.7 nos. of 20 mm dia. at eff. cover of 50 mm
(iv) M-15 concrete and f 415 N/mm =

7 A T-beam has the

following dimensions (Ans.X=73.51 mm, M =372.82 kN.
G) effective width of
(ii)
1500 mm
thickness of slab = 100 mm
Nange' = aesrStamce
(ii) width of rib = 300 mm
(iv) effective depth = 560 mm
(v) tension reinforcement = 3 28 d +3 25
(vi) concrete M-15 and steel Fe - 415 grade.
(Ans. Mu
fe 590.63 kN.n