Practical Java Programs (NEW)

Program 1

Bank Account System

Create a class where withdrawing more than the available balance throws an exception.

Concepts:

 Exception Handling
 throw

try-catch

ArithmeticException works, but it's not the best choice.

Why?

Because this isn't an arithmetic error like 10 / 0.

It's a business rule violation (insufficient balance).

In real applications, developers often use:

 IllegalArgumentException

 a custom exception like InsufficientBalanceException

However, if your topic is just learning throw, using ArithmeticException

is perfectly acceptable.

class Bank{

public static void main(String[] args){

int balance=100;

int withdrawal=120;

if(balance<withdrawal){

throw new ArithmeticException("insufficient balance");

[Link]("withdrawal successfull");
 }

Or

Custom exceptions

class Bank {

public static void main(String[] args) throws

InsufficientBalanceException {

int balance = 100;

int withdrawal = 120;

if (withdrawal > balance) {

throw new InsufficientBalanceException("Insufficient Balance");

[Link]("Withdrawal Successful");

Program 2

Student Marks Validator

If marks are less than 0 or greater than 100, throw an exception.

Concepts:

 Custom validation
 Exception Handling

class Student{

public static void main(String[] args) {

 int marks=-1;

if (marks < 0 || marks > 100){

throw new IllegalArgumentException("marks must be between 0-100");

[Link]("marks:"+marks);

This is a rule you'll use everywhere:

 Valid range: marks >= 0 && marks <= 100

 Invalid range: marks < 0 || marks > 100

⭐ Interview tip: Whenever you see a range question, first ask yourself:

"Am I checking the valid range or the invalid range?"

Program 3

Animal → Dog

Practice:

 Inheritance

 Method Overriding (basic)

class Animal{

void eat(){

[Link]("all animals eat");

class Dog extends Animal{

 void bark(){

[Link]("all dogs barks");

void eat(){

[Link]("overriding");

class Main{

public static void main(String[] args){

Dog d=new Dog();

[Link]();

[Link]();

Program 4

Calculator

Implement:

add(int a, int b)

add(int a, int b, int c)

Practice:

 Method Overloading

class Parent{

int add(int a,int b){

return a+b;

}
}

class Child extends Parent{

int add(int a,int b, int c){

return a+b+c;

class Calc{

public static void main(String[] args){

Child c=new Child();

[Link]([Link](10,20));

[Link]([Link](10,20,30));

Program 6

Student Management

Private variables

Getter

Setter

Encapsulation

requirements

A student has:

 Student ID
 Name
 Age
 Course
class Student{

private int studentId;

private String name;

private int age;

private String course;

public int getStudentId(){

return studentId;

public void setStudentId(int studentId){

[Link]=studentId;

public String getName(){

return name;

public void setName(String name){

[Link]=name;

public int getAge(){

return age;

public void setAge(int age){

[Link]=age;

public String getCourse(){

return course;

public void setCourse(String course){

[Link]=course;
 }

class Main{

public static void main(String[] args){

Student s=new Student();

[Link](12);

[Link]([Link]());

[Link]("jhansi");

[Link]([Link]());

[Link](21);

[Link]([Link]());

[Link]("java");

[Link]([Link]());

Program-7

Employee Salary System

 Abstract class Employee

 FullTimeEmployee
 PartTimeEmployee
 Implement calculateSalary()

Concept:

 Abstraction

abstract class Employee{

private int id;

 private String name;

abstract int calculateSalary();

public int getId(){

return id;}

public void setId(int id){

[Link]=id;

public String getName(){

return name;

public void setName(String name){

[Link]=name;

}}

class FullTimeEmployee extends Employee{

@Override

int calculateSalary() {

return 50000;

class PartTimeEmployee extends Employee{

@Override

int calculateSalary() {

return 10000;

class Main{

public static void main(String[] args){

 FullTimeEmployee f = new FullTimeEmployee();

PartTimeEmployee p=new PartTimeEmployee();

[Link](1);

[Link]("lee");

[Link](2);

[Link]("jhansi");

[Link]( "Employee Id :" + [Link]());

[Link]( "Employee Name :"+ [Link]());

[Link]( "Employee Id :"+ [Link]());

[Link]( "Employee Name:" + [Link]());

[Link]("Employee salary : " + [Link]());

[Link]("Employee salary :" + [Link]());

Program-8

Create:

 Notification interface
 EmailNotification
 SMSNotification
 PushNotification

Use:

 Interface
 Runtime Polymorphism

interface Notification {

default void sound(){

[Link]("many types of notification sounds");

 }

class EmailNotification implements Notification{

@Override

public void sound(){

[Link]("notification turned on");

class SMSNotification implements Notification{

@Override

public void sound(){

[Link]("notification is in mute");

class PushNotification implements Notification{

@Override

public void sound(){

[Link]("notification turned off");

class Main{

public static void main(String[] args){

Notification pn=new PushNotification(); //run time polymorphism

[Link]();

Program-9

Student Result System

Create:

 Accept student marks.

 Throw a custom exception for invalid marks.
 Use try-catch-finally.
 Use a Supplier to generate a default grade/message when needed.

import [Link];

import [Link];

class InvalidMarksException extends Exception {

InvalidMarksException(String msg) {

super(msg);

class Result {

void result() {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

Supplier<String> defaultMessage = () -> "Fail";

[Link]("Enter Marks: ");

int marks = [Link]();

try {

if (marks < 0 || marks > 100) {

throw new InvalidMarksException("Invalid Marks");

if (marks >= 35) {

[Link]("Result : Pass");

[Link]("Marks : " + marks);

} else {

[Link]("Result : " + [Link]());

} catch (InvalidMarksException e) {
 [Link]([Link]());

} finally {

[Link]("Thank you");

[Link]();

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Result r = new Result();

[Link]();

Program-10

Student File Manager

Features:

 Write student details to a file

 Read them back
 Append new records
 Handle exceptions properly

import [Link];

import [Link];

import [Link];

import [Link];

import [Link];

import [Link];

class Student{
 public static void main(String[] args){

try{

FileWriter fw=new FileWriter("[Link]",true);

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

[Link]("Enter Name: ");

String name = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Age: ");

int age = [Link]();

[Link](name + "," + age + "\n");

[Link]();

[Link]();}

catch(IOException e){

[Link]("I/O Error");

try{

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new FileReader("[Link]"));

String line;

while((line=[Link]())!=null){

[Link](line);

[Link]();

}catch (IOException e){

[Link]("I/O Error");

}
 }

Program-11

Thread Counter

Create:

 One thread prints 1–10

 Another thread prints A–J
 Observe concurrent execution

Concepts:

 Multithreading
 Runnable

class MyThread implements Runnable{

public void run(){

for(int i=1;i<=10;i++){

[Link](i);

class Alpha implements Runnable{

public void run(){

for (char ch = 'A'; ch<='J';ch++) {

[Link](ch);

class Main{

public static void main(String[] args){

 // MyThread t1=new MyThread();

// Thread tr1=new Thread(t1);

Thread tr1 = new Thread(new MyThread());

Thread tr2 = new Thread(new Alpha());

// Alpha t2=new Alpha();

// Thread tr2=new Thread(t2);

[Link]();

[Link]();

Program-12

Employee Stream Manager

 Create a list of employees.

 Filter employees with salary > X.
 Convert employee names to uppercase.
 Print using forEach().

import [Link];
import [Link];
class Emp{
String name;
int salary;
Emp(String name,int salary){
[Link]=name;
[Link]=salary;
}}
class Main{

public static void main(String[] args){

List<Emp> emp1=new ArrayList<>();
[Link](new Emp("jk",90));
[Link](new Emp("k",70));
[Link](new Emp("kj",80));
[Link](new Emp("jj",30));
[Link]("salary>60" );
[Link]()
.filter(emp->[Link]>30)
.forEach(emp->
[Link]([Link]+" " +[Link]));
[Link]("\nNames in Uppercase");
[Link]()
.map(emp -> [Link]())
.forEach([Link]::println);
}
}