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Population Structure Notes

The document discusses the population structure of a country, highlighting key characteristics such as age, gender, fertility, mortality, and migration. It explains concepts like GDP per capita, dependency ratio, and the use of population pyramids to visualize demographic data. Additionally, it categorizes population pyramids into four types based on growth patterns: rapid growth, slow growth, stable, and declining.

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2 views3 pages

Population Structure Notes

The document discusses the population structure of a country, highlighting key characteristics such as age, gender, fertility, mortality, and migration. It explains concepts like GDP per capita, dependency ratio, and the use of population pyramids to visualize demographic data. Additionally, it categorizes population pyramids into four types based on growth patterns: rapid growth, slow growth, stable, and declining.

Uploaded by

nelisiwekhumalo256
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

POPULATION STRUCTURE:

 Studying the population structure of a country can involve examining different


characteristics including age, gender, fertility, mortality and migration.
 The population of a country is made up of different groups including the youth,
and elderly population and children, which together are known as dependents.
 The working population consist of people who are of working age and are
economically active.
 GDP per capita - the gross domestic product per person.
 Dependency ratio - a population indicator which shows how many people in a
country need to be supported because they are not economically active.
 Dependency ratio can be calculated as:
(Children under 15 + Adults over 60)/Total adults between 15 and 59 x 100
 Structure of a population is indicated on a population pyramid.
 Population pyramid - type of graph that indicates a country’s population
according to ages and genders.

 A population pyramid also shows: High/Low birth and death rate; if the country is
a developing or developed country; dependency ratio; if the population has a
positive or negative growth and the life expectancy of the population.
 Developed country – a state that features a high income per capita, advanced
industrialisation and a high quality life.
 Developing country – a nation with low economic production, industrial growth
and standard of living.
Types of population pyramid:
1. Rapid growth population expansion

 Symmetrical shape/triangular shape;


 High birth and death rate;
 High percentage dependants;
 Low life expectancy.

2. Slow growth and gradual expansion

 Bell shaped;
 Decrease in the birth and death rate;
 Birth rate is slightly higher than the death rate (Positive growth);
 Higher life expectancy;
3. Stable and stationary

 Bell shaped;
 Birth and death rate is declining;
 Constant amount of people between the ages of 0 to 60,
 Higher life expectancy rate;
 Females life longer than the males

4. Declining and old

 Asymmetrical shape;
 Birth and death rate is low;
 Death rate exceeds the birth rate (Negative growth);
 More older people than younger people;
 Population is shrinking

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