Strategic Management
Strategic management involves analyzing internal and external environments, formulating
strategies, implementing them, and evaluating their effectiveness to maintain competitiveness and
long-term success.
Strategy
A long-term plan to achieve competitive advantage by aligning objectives, resources, and actions
toward desired outcomes.
Strategy vs Tactics
Strategy focuses on long-term goals and competitive positioning, while tactics involve short-term
actions and operational execution.
Mintzberg's 5 Ps of Strategy
Plan, Ploy, Pattern, Position, and Perspective—the different dimensions in which strategy can be
understood and applied.
Strategic Planning Questions
Organizations must ask: Where are we now? Where do we want to be? How will we get there? How
will we measure success?
Strategic Management Process
Consists of five steps: goal-setting, environmental scanning, strategy formulation, implementation,
and evaluation.
Competitive Advantage
Achieved through innovation, customer insight, new technologies, regulatory shifts, or cost structure
advantages.
Porter's Generic Strategies
Cost Leadership, Differentiation, and Focus strategies used to outperform competitors.
Levels of Strategy
Corporate level (what industries to operate in), Business level (how to compete), and Functional
level (how departments support strategy).
Organic vs Inorganic Growth
Organic growth comes through internal expansion, while inorganic growth includes mergers and
acquisitions.
Ansoff Matrix
Market penetration, market development, product development, and diversification as four growth
strategies.
Porter's Five Forces
Analyzes industry attractiveness based on rivalry, suppliers, buyers, substitutes, and entry barriers.
Value Chain Analysis
Evaluates primary and support activities that contribute to competitive advantage through cost
efficiency or differentiation.
VRIO Framework
Assesses whether resources are Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, and Organized to provide sustained
competitive advantage.
BCG Matrix
Classifies business units into Stars, Cash Cows, Question Marks, and Dogs based on market
growth and share.
GE McKinsey Matrix
Uses industry attractiveness and business strength to guide investment decisions across nine cells.
SWOT Analysis
Identifies internal strengths and weaknesses along with external opportunities and threats.
ETOP Analysis
Profiles environmental threats and opportunities by categorizing external influence sectors.
McKinsey 7S Model
Aligns strategy, structure, systems, skills, staff, style, and shared values for organizational
effectiveness.
Balanced Scorecard
Measures performance across financial, customer, internal process, and learning perspectives.
Corporate Governance
Ensures accountability, transparency, and ethical management through board structures and
regulatory compliance.
Business Ethics & CSR
Addresses ethical responsibility, social welfare, sustainability, and stakeholder impact.
Sustainability & SDGs
Aligns business practices with environmental protection, social equity, and UN Sustainable
Development Goals.
Strategic Intent, Mission, Vision
Defines long-term aspirations, organizational purpose, values, and measurable objectives.