MODULE 5 :ALTERNATING CURRENT AC MACHINES
WHAT IS AN ALETERNATING CURRENT AC MACHINE ?
IT IS AN ELECTRICAL ROTATING MACHINE THAT IS USED TO
CONVERT MECHANICAL ENERGY INTO AC ELECTRICAL ENERGY OR
CONVERT AC ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO MECHANICAL ENERGY TO
MECHANICAL ENERGY
DEFINE INDUCTION MOTORS
AN ELECTRICAL MOTOR IN WHICH TORQUE IS PRODUCED BY THE
REACTION BETWEEN ROTATING MAGNETIC FIELS GENERATED IN
THE STATOR WINDING AND THE CURRENT INDUCED IN THE COILS
OF THE ROTOR .THESE TYPES OF MOTORS WORK ON THE PRINCIPLE
OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
UNIT 5.1 THREE FACE INDUCTION MOTOR
WHAT IS AN INDUCTION MOTOR ?
-THIS IS AN ELECTRIC MOTOR
WHY ARE THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS THE MOST
COMMONLY USED AC MOTORS?
LIST THE ADVANTAGES OF A THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
-CHEAP -NOT READILY AVAILABLE
-SMALLER IN SIZE -SPEED CONTROL NOT EASILY
-EFFICIENT ACHIEVED
-SIMPLE TO CONTRUCT -CANNOT IMPROVE POWER
FACTOR
APPLICATION -USED IN THE INDUSTRY
CONSTRUCTION OF A THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
A THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR IS MADE OUT THE FOLLOWING
PARTS
PART FUNCTION
STATOR STATIONARY PART OF THE MOTOR AND ITS
FUNCTION IS TO HOLD THE STATOR
FRAME,CORE AND WINDINGD
ROTOR THE ROTATING PART OF THE MACHINE AND ITS
FUNCTION ID TO PRODUCE THE TORQUE
BEARINGS SUPPORT ROTATING ROTOR WHILE MINIMISING
FRICTION .WE CAN USE BALL BEARING TO LIGHT
DUTY MACHINES AND ROLLER TO SUPPORT
HEAVY DUTY MACHINES
TERMINAL BOX PROVIDES ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
END SHIELDS SUPPORT BEARINGS AND OFFERS MECHANICAL
PROTECTION TO THE ROTOR AND FIELD SYSTEM
STATOR PROTECTS YOUR MOTOR AND SUPPORT THE
FRAME INTERNAL PARTS OF THE MOTOR
STATOR CORE ENSURE EDDY CURRENT LOSSES ARE MINIMISED
STATOR PRODUCE THE MAIN ROTATING MEGNATIC
WINDINGS FIELD
NAME AND DRAW THE TWO WAYS THAT INDUCTION MOTORS
MAY BE CONNECTED
-A THREE PHASE AC SYSTEM MAY BE EITHER STAR OR DELTA
CONNECTED
[Link] CAGE ROTORS
ADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS
-HAVE A SIMMPLE -USED IN FAN,BLOWERS AND
CONTRUCTION SINGLE PHASE MOTORS
-HAVE ROBUST CONTRUCTION
-HAVE LONG LIFE SPAN
REQUIRES NO MAINTENANCE
[Link] ROTOR/SLIP RING ROTOR/PHASE WOUND ROTOR
-THE WINDINGS HERE ARE STR CONNECTED
ADVANTAGES APPLICATION
-PRODUCES HIGH TORQUE -USED IN CRANES AND
-CAN LIMIT HIGH STARTING ELEVATORS AND MOTOR
CURRENT DRIVING HOIST
-SPEED CAN BE CONTROLLED
STATE FARADYS LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
-WHEN A COIL OR CONDUCTOR CUTS IR CUT BY A MAGNETIC FLUX
AN EMF IS INDUCED IN THAT COIL OR CONDUCTOR
-
-VOLTAGE IS APPLIED TO STATOR WINDINGS ,PRODUCING THE
MAGNETIC FIELD
-THIS MAGNETIC FIELD ROTES AT SYNCHRONOUS SPEED AND CUTS
THE ROTATING BARS ,INDUCING AN EMF IN THEM
-THIS INDUCED EMF THEN PRODUCES THE ROTOR CURRENT
-THE TWO MAGNETIC FIELDS INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER AND
PRODUCE A FORCE
-ENERGY IS TRANSFERRED FRON STATOR TO ROTOR AND THE
ROTOR WILL ROTATE AT ACTUAL SPEED
CAN A ROTOR ROTATE AT A SYNCHRONOUS SPEED?
NO BUT IF IT HAD TO ROTATE AT SYNCHRONOUS SPEED THE
FOLLOWING WOULD HAPPEN :
THERE WOULD BE NO RELATIVE SPEED BETWEEN THE ROTATION
OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD AND THE ROTOR BARS
-THEREFORE NO INDUCED EMF IN THE ROTORS BARS
-NO ROTOR CURRENTS
-NO SECONDARY MAGNETIC FIELD TO PRODUCE THE FORCE
SLIP- IS THE RELATIVE SPEED AND IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE
SYNCHRONOUS SPEED OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD AND ACTUAL
SPEED OF THE ROTOR IN AN INDUCTION SPEED
EXAMPLE
FOR THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR WE REVERSE
INTECHANGING ANY TWO PHASES
WE USE TWO METHODS
-FORWARD AND RVERSE REACTION
APPLICATIONS OF THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS
-PUMPS .COMPRESSORS,CONVEYERS ,CRANES AND ELEVATORS
UNIT 5.2
SINGLE PHASE MOTOR
APPLICATIONS : USED IN HOUSEHOLD ,GARDEN APPLIANCES AND
WORKSHOP TOOLS
LIST THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SINGLE PHASE
MOTORS
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
-EASILY AVAILABLE -NOT SELF STARTING
-EASY SPEED CONTROL -NEEDS MORE MAINTENANCE
-IMPROVES POWER FACTOR - -EXPENSIVE
HOW DO WE START A SINGLE PHASE MOTOR ?
-BY CONVERTING IT INTO A TWO PHASE MOTOR BY CONNECTING
ANOTHER WINDING IN PARALLEL WITH THE RNNING WINDING
RESISTANCE STARTING MOTOR
APPLICATIONS : THE ARE CHEAP AND AFFORDABLE MOTOR AND
SUITABLE FOR USE YOUR FANS ,BLOWERS,FRIDGES,WASHING
MACHINES
[Link] START INDUCTION MOTOR
APPLICATIONS:THESE MOTORS ARE USED IN SWIMMING POOL
PUMPS AND ELECTRIC LAWN MOWERS
[Link] START ,CAPACITOR RUN MOTORS
ADVANTAGES
-IMPROVES POWER FACTORS
-IMOROVES THE EFFICIENCY OF YOUR MOTOR
-IMPROVES RUNNING CONDITIONS
APPLICATIONS : THESE MOTORS ARE USED IN AIR
CONDITIONERS,REFRIGERATORS AND COMPRESSORS
HOW DO YOU REVERSE THE DIRECTION OF ROTATION OF A SINGLE
PHASE/SPLIT PHASE MOTOR
-BY CHANGING THE POLARITY ACROSS THE MAIN WINDING BUT
NOT AT THE SAME TIME
DEFINE A UNIVERSAL MOTOR/AC SERIES MOTOR
-ITS ANOTHER TYPE OF SINGLE PHASE MOTOR AND IT CAN
OPERATE EITHER OF A DC/AC SUPPLY
CHARACTERISTICS OF DC SERIES MOTOR
-HAVE HIGH STARTING AND OPERATING TORQUE
-VARIABLE SPEED
-DANGEROUSLY HIGH NO LOAD SPEEDS
APPLICATIONS OF UNIVERSAL MOTORS :USED IN PORTABLE DRILLS
AND GRINDERS ,SEWING MACHINES ,VACUUM CLEANERS .FOOD
MIXERS AND BLENDERS