The Orchid School

Std: VIII
Subject: Science
Chapter 2: Particulate nature of matter
Multiple choice questions.
1. Diffusion in gases is faster than in liquids because:
(a) Gas particles are closer together ​​ ​ (b) Gas particles do not move
(c) Gas particles move faster and have more space ​ (d) Gas particles are heavier
2. A metal rod is placed over a flame and heated continuously. Initially, it becomes hot and starts glowing. After
some time, the solid metal begins to lose its shape and turns into a liquid form. What causes the melting of the
metal rod?
(a) Increase in interparticle attraction
(b) Particles become stationary
(c) Vibrations weaken the attractive forces between particles
(d) Particles lose energy
3. A grain of potassium permanganate was dropped into a glass of water. Over time, the water turned
uniformly pink without stirring. The teacher explained that this was due to the movement of water particles.
What does this observation suggest about the behaviour of particles in liquids?
(a) Particles in liquids are fixed in place ​ ​ (b) Particles in liquids move randomly and help in mixing
(c) Potassium permanganate is heavier than water (d) Water particles are destroyed during mixing
4. A student poured 200 mL of water into three containers of different shapes. In each case, the water took the
shape of the container, but the volume remained the same. Which property of liquids is best demonstrated by
this activity?
(a) Liquids have fixed shape and volume ​ ​ (b) Liquids are compressible
(c) Liquids have no volume or shape ​​ ​ (d) Liquids have fixed volume but no fixed shape
5. After blowing out a candle, Aarav observed solid wax at the base, liquid wax near the wick, and vapour
rising. His teacher showed him a diagram of particle arrangements in solids, liquids, and gases. Which of the
following correctly matches the states of wax with particle arrangement?
(a) Solid – loosely packed; Liquid – tightly packed; Gas – fixed
(b) Solid – free to move; Liquid – fixed; Gas – vibrating
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(c) Solid – tightly packed; Liquid – loosely packed; Gas – free to move
(d) Solid – vibrating; Liquid – stationary; Gas – compressed
6. Riya experimented by adding some sugar to a glass of water. She marked the water level before and after
stirring. After the sugar had completely dissolved, she observed that the water level had slightly decreased.
What is the reason for the decrease in water level after sugar dissolves?
(a) Sugar evaporates ​ ​ ​ (b) Sugar particles occupy interparticle spaces
(c) Water particles disappear ​​ (d) Sugar turns into a gas
7. Arun placed some solid iodine in a closed gas jar and left it undisturbed for a while. After some time, he
observed a purple-coloured vapour filling the jar. What process is responsible for the formation of iodine
vapour in the jar?
(a) Condensation ​ (b) Sublimation ​ (c) Evaporation ​ (d) Melting
8. Assertion (A): The melting point of iron is higher than that of ice.
Reason (R): The interparticle forces in iron are weaker than in ice.
i) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
ii) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
iii) A is true, but R is false.
iv) A is false, but R is true
9. Assertion (A): When sugar is added to water, the water level first increases and then decreases after the
sugar dissolves.
Reason (R): Sugar particles occupy the spaces between water particles when they dissolve.
i) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
ii) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
iii) A is true, but R is false.
iv) A is false, but R is true
10. Assertion (A): Heating increases the movement of particles in matter. Reason
(R): Heating changes the state of matter from solid to liquid and liquid to gas.
i) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
ii) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
iii) A is true, but R is false.
iv) A is false, but R is true
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2M):
1. What is a constituent particle?
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2. What happens to the particles of a solid when it is heated?
3. What is meant by the term ‘interparticle attraction’?
4. Why do liquids take the shape of the container but solids do not?
5. Why does the sugar seem to “disappear” when it dissolves in water?
6. A shopkeeper stores naphthalene balls in a cupboard. After a few weeks, the balls become much smaller
without leaving any liquid behind. Identify the process taking place and explain why no liquid is formed.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS: (3M)
1. Explain why a solid like a block of wood is difficult to move your hand through, but you can easily move it
through the air.
2. Why do liquids take the shape of their container but maintain a fixed volume?
3. Why does the fragrance of an incense stick spread throughout a room?
4. Explain the diffusion of potassium permanganate in water.
5. What happens to air when compressed in a syringe and then released?

6.
(a) What does the above activity demonstrate?
(b) What does the uniform colour of iodine vapour in the jar indicate about particle movement?
(c) Explain why iodine vapour can be used instead of incense smoke in particle motion experiments.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1.​ Describe how the arrangement and motion of particles change as ice melts and transforms into water
vapour.
2.​ Four students made the following statements.

Student A: Particles in solids do not move.

Student B: Diffusion occurs faster at higher temperatures.

Student C: Water droplets on a cold bottle come from inside the bottle.

Student D: Gases are highly compressible because of large spaces between particles.
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 Answer the following.

a) Identify the incorrect statements.

b) Rewrite them correctly.

CASE STUDY- BASED QUESTIONS/PASSAGE-BASED QUESTIONS:

Rima experimented to understand how heating affects the three states of matter. She took an ice cube and
placed it in a beaker. As she heated the beaker gently, the ice began to melt. Rima noticed that even though
the temperature stayed constant at the melting point for some time, the ice continued to turn into water. Her
teacher explained that the heat energy was being used to overcome the strong forces of attraction between
the solid particles, allowing them to move out of their fixed positions and become liquid. When Rima further
heated the water, she observed bubbles forming and escaping as steam. The teacher explained that now the
water particles had gained enough energy to completely overcome the attractive forces and move freely in all
directions — a gaseous state. Rima concluded that in solids, particles are tightly packed with very little
movement, in liquids, they move more freely but stay close together, and in gases, they are far apart and move
rapidly in all directions.

1. What happens to the particles of a solid when it reaches its melting point?
2. Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in solids, liquids, and gases with reference to Rima’s
experiment.

3.​ A family is preparing lemonade. They observe the following:

●​ Sugar dissolves faster in warm water than in cold water.
●​ Ice cubes float in the lemonade.
●​ The outside of the jug becomes wet after some time.

Answer the following.

a) Explain why sugar dissolves faster in warm water.

b) Why do water droplets appear outside the jug?

c) Name the process responsible for the formation of these droplets.

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