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Identifying Variables

The document explains the concepts of independent and dependent variables in experiments, highlighting the importance of controlling other factors to ensure valid results. It provides examples, such as the effect of light on plant growth and sugar on bread rising, to illustrate how these variables interact. Additionally, it emphasizes the necessity of conducting multiple trials for reliable outcomes.

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3bernese
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2 views12 pages

Identifying Variables

The document explains the concepts of independent and dependent variables in experiments, highlighting the importance of controlling other factors to ensure valid results. It provides examples, such as the effect of light on plant growth and sugar on bread rising, to illustrate how these variables interact. Additionally, it emphasizes the necessity of conducting multiple trials for reliable outcomes.

Uploaded by

3bernese
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Experimental Variables

Independent Variable – variable over


which researcher has control; something
that is changed by the scientist
– What is tested
– What is manipulated
Dependent Variable – something that
might be affected by the change in the
independent variable. (It depends on the
independent variable.)
– What is observed
– What is measured
– The data collected during the investigation
CAUSE and EFFECT

Independent and Dependent


Variable Variable
• All other properties remain the same; they
are "controlled".

• A "VALID" experiment is one that assures


that the result (dependent variable) is due
to the cause (independent variable), not to
any other factor.

• It also has a starting point to compare to:


the "control” group
LIGHT affects plant GROWTH
• Hypothesis: more light, more growth
• Independent variable: amount of light
• Dependent variable: amount of growth

• Control Group: Room setup with NO light

• Constants: everything else (food, air, etc.. All


CONTROLLED)

• Constants allow for a “fair test”


Example……
Hypothesis:

“If more sugar is added, then the


bread will rise higher.”
What is the independent variable?

The amount of sugar.

(Variable controlled by researcher:


the “cause.”)
What is the dependent variable?

The size of the loaf of bread.

(Variable that depends on the independent


variable: the “effect”)
What would be the control?
Constants
All other factors (type of flour, baking
time, etc.) must be the same so that
any observed changes in the bread
can be attributed to the variation in
the amount of sugar.
Why have multiple trials?

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