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Science Reviewer

The document outlines the particle nature of matter, detailing the characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases, as well as the processes of state changes such as melting and boiling. It also explains solutions, including unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions, and factors affecting solubility like temperature and stirring. Additionally, it covers the properties of acids and bases, their reactions, and the use of litmus paper for pH testing.

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richalynmanangan04
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2 views5 pages

Science Reviewer

The document outlines the particle nature of matter, detailing the characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases, as well as the processes of state changes such as melting and boiling. It also explains solutions, including unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions, and factors affecting solubility like temperature and stirring. Additionally, it covers the properties of acids and bases, their reactions, and the use of litmus paper for pH testing.

Uploaded by

richalynmanangan04
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

I.

Particle Nature of Matter

Remember:

1. Solids

 Particles are tightly packed.


 Have definite shape and volume.
 Particles only vibrate.

2. Liquids

 Particles are close together but can move.


 Have definite volume but no definite shape.
 Take the shape of their container.

3. Gases

Particles are far apart.

Move freely and rapidly.

No definite shape or volume.

Key Idea

 The more thermal energy particles receive, the faster they move.
 Less thermal energy means particles move more slowly.

II. Changes of State of Matter


Know these processes:

| Melting | Solid → Liquid

| Freezing | Liquid → Solid

| Evaporation | Liquid → Gas (at the surface)

| Boiling | Liquid → Gas (throughout the liquid)

| Condensation | Gas → Liquid

| Sublimation | Solid → Gas

Important

 Heating causes particles to gain kinetic energy.


 Cooling causes particles to lose kinetic energy.

III. Solutions

Terms to Remember

 Unsaturated Solution- Can still dissolve more solute.


 Saturated Solution- Contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute.
 Supersaturated Solution- Contains more dissolved solute than normally possible,Unstable and
Crystals may suddenly form.

IV. Factors Affecting Solubility

Remember:

Temperature

 Most solids dissolve better in hot water.


 Gases dissolve better in cold water.

Nature of Solute and Solvent

 "Like dissolves like."


 Polar substances dissolve in polar substances.
 Nonpolar substances dissolve in nonpolar substances.

Stirring

 Speeds up dissolving.
 Does NOT increase the amount that can dissolve.

Crushing- Smaller particles dissolve faster

V. Acids and Bases

Acids

 Characteristics:
 Sour taste
 pH below 7
 Turn blue litmus paper red

Examples:

Vinegar

Lemon juice

Calamansi juice

Bases

Characteristics:

 Bitter taste
 Slippery feel
 pH above 7
 Turn red litmus paper blue
Examples:

Soap

Toothpaste

Baking soda solution

Neutral

 pH = 7
 Does not change litmus paper

Example:

Pure water

VI. Litmus Paper

Blue Litmus Paper

Turns red in acids.

Stays blue in bases.

Red Litmus Paper

 Turns blue in bases.


 Stays red in acids.

VII. Neutralization

Neutralization Reaction

Acid + Base → Salt + Water


Example:

Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide → Sodium Chloride + Water

GOODLUCK, EVERYONE! DON'T PRESSURE YOURSELF. 🫶🍀

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