The graph compares the sales of different music formats from 1994 to 2006.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
comparisons where relevant.

The line chart illustrates the sales of three different music formats in the
US, between 1994 and 2006. Overall, during the twelve-year period, sales of CDs
and cassettes decreased, while digital became the most preferred format for music.

In 1994, CDs were the most popular format with/at 450 million units sold. The
first six years of the period witnessed a considerable growth to 800 million in
the sales of CDs. However, after this, a dramatic drop was seen in CD
purchases. In 2004, only 400 million units of CDs were sold, and as little as 300
million units were bought in 2006. Meanwhile, sales of cassettes were in rapid
decline throughout the whole period. Between 1994 and 2000, there was a
plunge from 400 million to just 50 million units in cassette purchases, which
was later close to zero in 2006.

While sales of digital music were either at or close to zero between 1994 and
2000, an increase to about 20 million units sold was recorded in the figure in
2002. After this, purchases of digital music soared. By 2006, they had witnessed a
rapid climb to about 750 million, which made digital music the most popular
format.
The following graph shows the rates of poverty and unemployment in an Asian country
from 2004 to 2009. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main
features and make comparisons where relevant.

The line graph illustrates data on unemployment and poverty in a given Asian
country between the years 2004 and 2009. Overall, it is clear that both
unemployment and poverty rates reached a peak in 2006, and that since then, both
rates experienced gradual declines.

In terms of the joblessness rate, the figure started at 10 million in 2004. For the
next 2 years, the rate grew gradually to a peak of 11 million in 2006. After that, the
unemployment rate decreased gradually to 9 million in 2008. The decline then
became more significant, which led to a drop to almost 7 million in 2009.

Figures for those living in poverty showed a slightly similar trend, with figures
starting at 36 million in 2004. The poverty rate then dropped slightly by around 1
million between 2004 and 2005, before it peaked at 39 million in 2006. From then
on, a steady decline was recorded. By the end of the period that was surveyed,
there were just above 30 million people living in poverty.
The graph below compares SAT math results according to gender from 1992
to 2000 in a particular school. Summarize the information by selecting and
reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The line graph shows the different average points for male and female students in
SAT math tests between 1992 and 2000 in a certain school. Overall, although boys
had higher grades in the exam throughout the period, girls’ scores seemed to be
catching up and rose at a faster pace.

In 1992, boys had an average score of 500 points, which experienced a rapid
increase to 510 in 1993. Although the next year witnessed a slight drop in scores,
they started rising steadily again after 1994 and reached somewhere around 536
points in 1998. Between 1998 and 2000, male students’ SAT scores remained
constant at 536 points.

Female students, on the other hand, started at a much lower average score of 460
points in 1992. However, their results steadily rose to over 490 points in 1995.
There was a sharper growth of 20 points per year in girls' average SAT scores
between 1995 and 1996. Following this, a slower increase of 4 points per year was
seen in girls’ grades in the last five years of the period.
The graph below shows the number of enquiries received by the Tourist
Information Office in one city over a six-month period in 2011. Summarize the
information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Outline tham khảo: (The Horizontal Approach)

Body 1: in person & by telephone Body 2: by letter/email

By telephone: By letter/email:
+ Jan: The highest (900 enquiries) + Jan - Mar: A slow decline (760 - 700
+ Jan - Feb: A slight drop to 800 enquiries)
enquiries + Feb: Be overtaken by in-person method
+ Feb - Apr: Gradually climbed + Mar - May: Decreased gradually
+ Apr - Jun: A stable increase & + May - Jun: Remained unchanged &
Ended with 1600 enquiries Ended with 380 enquiries (The lowest)
In person:
+ Jan: The lowest (420 enquiries -
half of telephone)
+ Jan - Mar: A steady growth
+ Mar: Surged & Overtook telephone
+ Apr - Jun: Rose stably & Ended
with 1900 enquiries (The highest)

(The Vertical Approach)

Body 1: Jan - Mar Body 2: Apr - Jun

Jan: Apr:
+ By telephone: The highest (900 + In person: Increase to 1300 enquiries &
enquiries) Overtake enquiries by telephone → The
+ By email: Slightly less (760 highest
enquiries)
+ In person: The lowest (420
enquiries - half of telephone)
March: Apr - Jun:
+ By telephone: increase of 100 + In person: Increase & End with 1900
enquiries & Remain as the highest enquiries
+ In person: Increase to 800 + By telephone: Increase & End with 1600
enquiries & Overtake enquiries via enquiries
email + By email: Decrease & End with 380
→ By email: The lowest enquiries → The lowest
The chart below shows the number of passengers who used public transport in
Somewhere town from 2012 to 2015. Summarize the information by selecting and
reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

The given bar chart illustrates the number of people in thousands who used three
different means of public transport, namely tram, bus, and train, in Somewhere
town over a four-year period from 2012 to 2015. Overall, while the figures for
bus and train usage fluctuated greatly, transport by tram grew significantly and
became the most popular option.
In 2012, the number of commuters who used trains was the highest at over
75,000 passengers. However, in the following year, this figure plummeted to only
17,000 passengers, which made the train the least used means of public transport.
Regardless, train usage steadily grew over the next two years, ending with 60,000
passengers in 2015. Similarly, the number of bus passengers started at 55,000,
before it went through a period of erratic behavior in the next two years. In 2015,
this figure roughly returned to its starting point and ranked last with around 57,000
passengers.
On the contrary, only 18,000 commuters used trams in 2012, which made this
means of public transport the least popular one. The number then surged to around
95,000 passengers in 2015, which was approximately five times its starting point.
This also made trams the most popular option by the end of the four-year period.
The graph below gives information on the performance of a train company in
October and November in 2008. Summarize the information by selecting and
reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The two line graphs illustrate the proportion of trains, which belong to a particular
company, that were either delayed or cancelled between October and November
in 2008. Overall, both of these figures witnessed significant fluctuations
throughout the surveyed period. Additionally, while the largest percentage of train
trips cancelled was in October, November witnessed the highest delay rates.

In the first week of October, about 20% of all trains did not run on time. This
figure then had risen slightly by 10% in the next week before it fell rapidly to
approximately 5% by the end of October. In contrast, more than half of all trains
were late during the second week in November, which was then followed by a
slight drop to 40% in the third week.

Starting at only 1% in the first week, the percentage of trains that were cancelled
reached a peak of 7% in the second week; however, it later dropped back to the
initial figure. Erratic behavior can be witnessed in the proportion of cancelled
trains for the rest of the period, with about 4% of total trains being cancelled in the
final week.

The line graphs illustrate the percentages of late-running and cancelled trains
during two months, October and November, in 2008. Overall, while the running
late rate increased significantly before dropping, the proportion of trains cancelled
fluctuated wildly throughout the given period.

With regard to the first line graph, one fifth of the total number of trains ran later
than scheduled. This rate then increased to 30% in the following month before
declining to a low of 5% in the last week of October. The situation seemed worse
when it came to November. In particular, substantially more trains were delayed,
with the figure rocketing from 10% in the first week to about 55% in the second
week, followed by a drop of 10% in the last one.

On the other hand, train cancellation rates were much lower, less than 7% for the
whole surveyed timescale, but fluctuated much more widely. Going up
dramatically from only 1% in the first week of October to a peak of 7% in the
second week, the percentage of trains being cancelled fell back to the initial figure
in the third one. This rate kept fluctuating and reached the second highest point of
5% in the second week of November, prior to a slight decline one week later.
ĐỀ BÀI: The following table compares the life expectancy and GDP for six
nations in 2009. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main
features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Dàn bài (Horizontal Approach):

USA, Australia, Spain Poland, India, Mali
USA: Poland:
- GDP: $45,900 → highest - GDP: $18,000 → less than 1/2
- Life expectancy: 78 → third highest USA’s
- Life expectancy: 75 → relatively
high
Australia: India:
- GDP: $38,600 → $8,000 lower than - GDP: $3,000
USA - Life expectancy: 65
- Life expectancy: 82 → highest
Spain: Mali:
- GDP: $32,500 - GDP: $1,200 → lowest
- Life expectancy: 81 - Life expectancy: 50 → lowest

The table illustrates both GDP per capita and life expectancy of six different
countries in 2009. Overall, those who lived in richer countries tended to have
higher life expectancy than those who lived in poorer countries. It can also be seen
that Mali had the lowest figures in both GDP and life expectancy.

The USA had a GDP of $45,900, which was the highest among the six nations.
Meanwhile, it had a life expectancy of 78, which placed it at only the third position
in this category. On the contrary, although Australia’s GDP per capita was about
$8,000 lower than the USA’s, it had the highest life expectancy at 82. Spain
followed in third place in terms of GDP at $32,500, while its life expectancy was
only slightly lower than Australia’s.

Despite Poland’s moderate GDP of $18,000, which was less than half of that of the
USA’s, it still had a relatively high life expectancy of 75. Meanwhile, India, whose
GDP was only $3,000, had an average life expectancy of 65. Finally, Mali, which
had the lowest GDP at $1,200, had a life expectancy of just 50 for an average
person.
ĐỀ BÀI: The graph below shows how the European Union spent its budget in
2001. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.

Outline:
Agriculture & Regional aid Foreign aid, Administration, Research, Other

Agriculture: 42% → highest Foreign aid: 9% → 1/3 of Regional aid

Regional aid: 31% → second highest Administration: 7%
→ 10% lower than Agriculture Research: 6%
Other: 5% → lowest

Both: make up 3/4 of EU spending All four: make up the remaining 1/4 of EU spending

Bài mẫu

The pie graph illustrates the EU’s expenditure on five specific sectors and other
unspecified spending in 2001. Overall, most of the EU's budget was spent on
Agriculture and Regional aid, while the cost of both Administration and Research
accounted for relatively little in comparison.

Spending on Agriculture and Regional aid sectors made up three quarters of all
EU expenditure in 2001. The percentage of money spent on Agriculture was the
highest at 42%. Regional aid ranked second with 31%, which was about 10%
lower than the figure for Agriculture.

Meanwhile, the remaining sectors made up only one quarter of all EU spending in
2001. Expenditure on Foreign aid accounted for 9% of the budget that year,
which was only one third of that of Regional aid. The figure for Administration
was 7% of total spending, while the amount of money expended on Research
made up 6% of the EU’s budget. Finally, other unspecified areas of expenditure
took up the least percentage of expenditure at 5%.
The bar chart shows adults’ reasons for education while the pie chart illustrates
people’s thoughts about who should pay for education. It is clear from the bar chart
that interest in the subject accounts for the highest proportion of all reasons. It can
also be seen from the pie chart that a large proportion of people think that
individuals should pay for their own education.

In terms of the bar chart, by far the highest percentage is subject interest, at 40%,
which is only 2% higher than that of gaining qualifications, the second most
important reason. The figures for helpfulness for current job, improving prospects
of promotion and enjoying learning/studying are quite similar at around 20%.
Whereas the lowest proportion belongs to meeting people at 9%.

Regarding the pie chart, 40% of people in the survey think individuals should pay
the costs of each course, followed by employers at 35%. On the other hand, only
25% say that the costs should be shared by the taxpayers.
ĐỀ BÀI: The graph below gives information about car ownership in Britain from
1971 to 2007.

The graph shows changes in the 1ownership of cars per household in Great Britain
over a period of 36 years. Overall, car ownership in Britain increased between
1971 and 2007. In particular, the proportion of households owning two cars rose,
while the proportion of households without a car fell.

In 1971, almost half of all British households did not have regular use of a car.
Around 44% of households had one car, but only about 7% had two cars. It was
uncommon for families to own three or more cars, with around 2% of households
falling into this category.

The one-car household was the most common type from the late 1970s, although
there was little variation in the figures for this category. The biggest change was
seen in the proportion of households without a car, which fell steadily over the 36-
year period to around 25% in 2007. In contrast, the percentage of families with
ownership of two cars rose steadily, reaching about 26% in 2007, and the
percentage of households who had more than two cars rose by around 5%.
 1. CT1: Lần lượt (respectively)
The number of Vietnamese car and motorbike users were 5 million and 20 million
respectively.
5 million and 20 million Vietnamese people used cars and motorbikes respectively.

2. CT2: So với (compared to / in comparison with)

The number of Vietnamese car users was 5 million, compared to 20 million
motorbike users.
There were 5 million Vietnamese cars users, in comparison with 20 million
motorbike users.
Lưu ý: Dùng đúng giới từ

3. CT3: Trong khi (while / whereas)

The number of Vietnamese car users was 5 million, while the number of motorbike
users was 20 million. 5 million Vietnamese people used cars, whereas there were
20 million individuals travelling by motorbikes.

4. CT4: Ngược lại / Trong khi đó (By contrast,… /, Meanwhile,… /, At the

same time,…)
The number of Vietnamese car users was 5 million. At the same time, the number
of motorbike users was 20 million.

5 million Vietnamese people used cars. Meanwhile, there were 20 million

individuals travelling by motorbikes.

5. CT5: So sánh gấp đôi (twice as many as / as much as)

The number of Vietnamese bike users was 10 million, which was twice as many as
that of car users.
Lưu ý: that of car users = the number of car users

6. CT6: So sánh hơn / thua (Mệnh đề quan hệ + higher / lower)

There were 20 million individuals travelling by motorbike, which was significantly
higher than that of car users, at only 5 million.

The number of Vietnamese motorbike users was 20 million, which was 15 million
higher than that of car users.
7. CT7: Theo sau bởi (followed by + N)
There were 20 million individuals travelling by motorbike, which was followed by
that of car users, at only 5 million.
There were 20 million individuals travelling by motorbike, followed by that of car
users, at only 5 million. (Dạng rút gọn)