LY

ON
S E
PO
SENSOR CODINGP &U R
TECHNOLOGY
IN G
A I N WÄRTSILÄ

T R
O R
F

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SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Coding definition

The letter codes are formed according

ISO standard 3511 part 1 and 2.
LY
ON
Examples
S E
PT201 Pressure sensor for
PO
lubrication oil, engine inlet
UR
LS103A Fuel leakage level switch
G P
N I N
A
TEZ402 Temperature sensor I for HT

T R
water, jacket outlet

O R
F

Fig. name: Instrument coding definition

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Coding definition
1. The first letter: Measured or initiating variable

PT201
LY
Pressure sensor for lubrication oil, engine inlet
LS103A Fuel leakage level switch, A-bank
ON
TEZ402
S E
Temperature sensor for HT water, jacket outlet
PO
UR
E = Electrical variable

G P
N
F = Flow, flow rate
G = Position
I N I
K = Time
R A
R
L = Level T
F O
P = Pressure
Q = Quantity (e.g. concentration)
S = Speed
T = Temperature

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Coding definition
2. The second letter: Output function

PT201
LY
Pressure sensor for lubrication oil, engine inlet
LS103A Fuel leakage level switch, A-bank
ON
TEZ402
S E
Temperature sensor for HT water, jacket outlet
PO
UR
C = Controlling

G P
N
D = Difference
E = Sensing element
I N I
I = Indicating
R A
R T
M = Signal converting

F O
S = Switching
T = Transmitting
V = Valve, solenoid, actuating element
Z = Emergency or safety acting

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Coding definition
3. The number code is formed according to following:

PT201
LY
Pressure sensor for lubrication oil, engine inlet
LS103A Fuel leakage level switch, A-bank
ON
TEZ402
S E
Temperature sensor for HT water, jacket outlet
PO
R
100 series = Fuel oil
200 series = Lubrication oil
P U
300 series = Compressed air
IN G
I
400 series = Cooling water
A N
R
400 = HT-water
T
O R 450 = LT-water

F 500 series = Exhaust gas system

600 series = Combustion air system
700 series = Miscellaneous systems
800 series = Computer/Automation systems
900 series = Gas systems

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Coding definition
4. The number code is formed according to following:

PT201 Pressure sensor for lubrication oil, engine inlet

LY
LS103A Fuel leakage level switch, A-bank
ON
TEZ402 Temperature sensor for HT water, jacket outlet
S E
P
In liquid and air systems: (series: 100, 200, 300, 400, and 600)
O
- XX1 = Inlet
U R
- XX2 = Outlet
G P
- XX3-9 = Other
- XXXA = Bank (A or B, I N N
I only)
R A V-engines

R T
- XXXP/S = Primary / Secondary (Speed sensor only)

FO
In exhaust gas, per cylinder and other systems: (series: 500 - 900)
- XX1 = Bearing or cylinder number (up to 10)
- X0X1A or X0X2A, 1 or 2 = sensor, A = bank
- XXX3-9A = Other, Bank (A or B, V-engines only)
If there will be installed additional sensors for the same variable, function and
location, the number code is formed by using additional running number.
- XXX-1, XXX-2, etc.
© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Coding definition, examples of codes

100 Series

LY
N
Fuel oil system: Code Remarks
Fuel oil pressure, engine inlet PT101
E O
Alarm

O S
P
Fuel oil temperature, engine inlet TI101
Fuel oil leakage, injection pipe (A-bank or line) R
U PS110
LS103A Alarm
Fuel oil standby pump start switch
G P Alarm

N I N
A I
Fuel oil rail pressure, A-bank Driving End PT115A

T R
O R
F

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Coding definition

200 Series

LY
N
Lubricating oil system: Code Remarks
Lubrication oil pressure, engine inlet PTZ201
EAlarmO
Alarm/Shut down

O S
Lubrication oil pressure, engine inlet
R P
PS201

PU PI201
Pre lubrication oil pressure, engine inlet PT201 Alarm/start block

Lubrication oil level, wet sump IN G

Lube oil pressure meter, engine inlet -

A I N LS204 Alarm

T R
O R
F

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Coding definition

300 Series

LY
N
Compressed air system: Code Remarks
Starting air pressure, engine inlet PT301
E O
Alarm
Control air pressure
O
PT311S Alarm
R P
PU CV321
Instrument air pressure PT312 Alarm
Starting solenoid
IN G
Slow turning solenoid
A I N CV331

T R
O R
F

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Coding definition

400 Series

LY
N
Cooling water system: Code Remarks
HT-water pressure, jacket inlet PT401
E O
Alarm
HT-water temperature, inlet
O S
TI401
R P
PU PS451
HT-water temperature, jacket outlet A-bank TEZ402 Alarm/Shut down
LT water pressure, engine inlet
IN G Alarm

I N
LT water temperature, CAC inlet TI471

T RA
LT water temperature, LOC outlet TI482

O R
F

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Coding definition

500 Series

LY
N
Exhaust gas system: Code Remarks
Exhaust gas temperature, after cylinder TE50*1A
EAlarmO
Alarm/Shut down
TE511 S
Exhaust gas temperature, TC A inlet
P O
R
PU SE518
Exhaust gas temperature, TC B outlet TE527 Alarm
Turbocharger A-bank speed pickup
IN G Alarm

A I N
T R
O R
F

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Coding definition

600 Series

LY
N
Charge air system: Code Remarks
Charge air temperature, Turbocharger A-bank inlet TE600 O
EAlarm
TE601 S
Charge air temperature, engine inlet
P O
Charge air pressure, engine inlet R
U PI601
PT601 Alarm
Charge air pressure
G P
N I N
A I
T R
O R
F

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Coding definition

700 Series

LY
N
Miscellaneous system: Code Remarks
Crankcase pressure PT700
E O
TE70* S Alarm/Stop
Thrust & Main bearing temperatures
P O
R
PU HS721
Oil mist detector QU700
Local start button
IN G
Turning gear engaged
A I N GS792 Alarm/Start block

T R
O R
F

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Coding definition

800 Series

LY
N
Computer / Automation system: Code Remarks
Internal temperature of MCM TE802
E O
Alarm

OS
P
Temperature in terminal box TE814 Alarm

UR
G P
N IN
900 Series
A I
Gas system:
T R Code Remarks

O R
Main fuel pressure PT901 Alarm
F
Pilot fuel pressure PT911 Alarm

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Measurement techniques
General
The engine is equipped with following type of sensors:

LY
N
Temperature sensors Limit switches
Thermometer
E O
Proximity switches
Pt100
OS
Mechanical switches
Thermocouple
R P
Position sensors
Pressure sensors
P U
Capacitive proximity switches
Low pressure (crankcase)
IN G LVDT (linear variable differential transformers)

N
Medium pressure (0-40 bar) Speed sensors

A I
R
Cylinder pressure (0-300 bar) Magnetic type

R T
High pressure (0-2500 bar) Inductive type/Proximity sensor

F O Pressure switches
Level sensors
Accelerometers
Piezoelectric
Capacitive sensor System
BEB monitoring

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors
Resistance temperature detectors (RTD)
Effect of temperature on resistance
RT = RT0 (1+ T)
LY
ON
RT, the resistance
S E
RT0, the resistance at base
PO
temperature of 0 °C
UR
T, the temperature of the sensor
G P
N
(to be determined from RT)

I N I
, temperature coefficient of the
metal
R A
R T
F O
Components
01 Temperature transmitter
02 Protection well
03 Connector
04 Sealing ring

Fig. name: Typical RTD-sensors, Pt-100

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors
Pt-100 Temperature sensors

Pt-100 is a standard sensor and

LY
is the common abbreviation for
ON
the most common type of
S E
resistance temperature sensor
PO
R
used in industry.
Pt-100 sensors should be used
P U
when measuring temperatures in
range of -40º C…+160º C.
IN G
A I N
T R
R
Components
O
F 01 Sensing element
02 Protection well
03 Cable

Fig. name: Pt-100 Temperature sensor

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors
Pt-100 Temperature sensors

A three-wire connection will

LY
eliminate most of the effect of
ON
the lead resistance on the
S E
measured value.
PO
UR
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Principle of Pt-100 sensors

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors
Pt-100 Temperature sensors

LY
ON
S E
O
Error source Range of error contribution
Detector design/installation 0.1-3 %

R P
U
Pt 100-detector Tolerance 0.03-0.3 % (at 0 C)
Lead 2-wire
3-wire
G P
0.1-5 %
0.01-0.5 %

IN
4-wire
N
About 0.000 %
Instrument
A I 0.03-0.3 %

T R
O R
F

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors
Pt-100 Temperature sensors

LY
ON
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Temperature Co efficiency

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors Resistance material is platinum
Pt-100 Temperature sensors R=100

OoC Pt-100
LY
O N
S E
P OCoefficient (PTC)
Platinum has Positive Temperature
U R
R/
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

T/oC
© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors
Pt-100 Temperature sensors

LY
ON
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors
Thermocouple 02
Thermocouples are the most
commonly used temperature
LY
sensors.
ON
E
There are a dozen of standard
types of thermocouple sensors
OS
but Wärtsilä is using the K-type.
R P
K: Chromel/Alumel
P U
G
(Nickel-Aluminium)

N IN
A I
T R
OR
Components
01
F
01 Sensing element
02 Protection well

Fig. name: Thermocouple

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors
Thermocouple

LY
ON K-type thermocouple:

S E +NiCr

PO
”Hot End”
UR ”Cold End”

G75°C P 1,0mV 50°C

N IN
I
T RA Measuring
-NiAl
Reference

O R temperature temperature

F T=25°C

Fig. name: Principle of thermocouple

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors
Thermocouple

LY
ON
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN
AI
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Thermocouple NiCr / NiAl

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors
Thermocouple

LY
ON
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN
AI
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Thermocouple NiCr / NiAl

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors
Thermocouple
International colour codes for
different thermocouple types.
LY
Wärtsilä is using K-type
ON
thermocouple only.
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Colour codes for different thermocouple types

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors
Thermocouple
Thermocouple connections

+ Extension cable is
LY
compensation cable (same
ON
material)
S E
+ Cold end is generated into
PO
PLC-terminals
UR
+ Cold end compensation is
G P
N
done inside PLC by internal
temperature measurement
I N I
(Pt-100)
R A
R T
F- O
- Relatively expensive set-up
Compensation cable is difficult
to get in some countries
- Not so flexible to handle and
do connection than Copper

Fig. name: Extension cable is compensation cable

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors
Thermocouple
Thermocouple connections

+ Extension cable is
LY
normal Copper-cable
ON
+ Cold end is generated
S E
into connection box
PO
+ Low price and easy to
UR
get, by using standard
G P
N
instrumentation cables

I N I
R A
- Cold end compensation

T
have to do in connection
R
O
box for example by using
F Pt-100 sensor

Fig. name: Extension cable is normal

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors
Thermocouple
Thermocouple connections

+ Amplifier takes care about

LY
“cold end” compensation
ON
+ We can use analog input
S E
card for receiving mA-signal
PO
+ Useful for marine
UR
installations where limited
G P
N
space
+ Testing can be done by
I N I
R A
shorting thermocouple input,
T
so amplifier should send
R
O
internal temperature signal
F forward to PLC.

- More costs, because

amplifier is needed in every
measuring channel

Fig. name: Thermocouple amplifier

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors
Thermocouple
Thermocouple connections

+ Data transfer with digital

LY
CAN-bus, better EMC
ON
behaviour
S E
+ Cold end is generated into
PO
WECS/UNIC terminals
UR
+ Cold end compensation is
G P
N
done inside WECS/UNIC by
internal temperature
I N I
A
measurement (Pt-100)
R
R T
F O

Fig. name: Data transfer

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors
Thermocouple
Cylinder liner temperature sensor

The cylinder liner temperature

LY
reveals not only the condition
ON
of the liner, but also those of
S E
the piston and the piston rings,
PO
R
see picture.

P U
IN G
A I N
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Cylinder liner temperature sensor

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors
Thermocouple
Temperature sensors of the main bearing

The temperature of the main

LY
bearing is monitored with the
ON
sensor in direct contact with the
S E
bearing shell, see picture.
PO
UR
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Temperature sensor of the main bearing

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors
Thermocouple
Temperature sensors of the exhaust gas

The temperature of the exhaust

LY
gas is monitored with the
ON
sensor in direct contact with the
S E
exhaust gas, see picture.
PO
UR
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Temperature sensor of the main bearing

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Temperature sensors
Thermometers

Y
Thermometers measure temperature by
making use of the thermic mechanical
N L
deformation of material of the measuring
element.
E O
Typically, one side of the element is
OS
exposed to atmospheric conditions and
R P
the instrument measures the
P U
G
mechanical deformation that occurs
when an unknown temperature is

N IN
exposed to the other side.
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Thermometer

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Pressure sensors and switches
Introduction
Pressures can be measured by
piezoelectric, capacitive and strain
LY
pressure transducers. The engine
is equipped with pressure
ON
measuring devices, which are
S E
monitored system wise by the
PO
automation system. The number of
UR
P
pressure sensor may vary

G
depending on the installation.

N IN
Components
A I
T R
01 Pressure sensor

O R
02 Pressure gauge valve
F 03 Shut-off valve
04 Connector

Fig. name: Pressure sensor with valve

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Pressure sensors and switches
Piezoelectric
In an piezoelectric material a charge is generated due to
mechanical pressure
LY
ON
A voltage is generated between two electrodes covering the E
O S
[Link]
R P
P U
the shape of the material IN
G
Works also inversely a voltage will generate a force that changes

A I N
T R
O R
F

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Pressure sensors and switches
Piezoelectric
Piezoelectric pressure transducers
are mainly used to measure very
LY
high pressure changes occurring in
ON
a short time
S E
PO
Tourmaline is the most generally
UR
used piezoelectric material
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Pressure sensors and switches
Capacitive

A capacitance change
LY
results from the
ON
movement of a metallic
S E
diaphragm element
PO
UR
The diaphragm is
G P
I
exposed to the process
N N
A I
pressure on one side and

T R
to the reference pressure Diaphragm in rest

O R on the other
F Diaphragm under pressure

Capacitor plate

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Pressure sensors and switches
Strain gauges
Used for narrow span pressure and for differential pressure
measurements
LY
ON
A thin metal diaphragm is attached to a moving element
S E
P O
U R
G P
The resistance of the metal wire changes while it’s shape changes.

N I N
A I
Can also be made of semiconductors, whose resistance changes when

T R
exposed into strain.

O R
F

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Pressure sensors and switches
Pressure transmitter

X = Raised current at
LY
defined pressure
ON
? = Output signal at defined
S E
pressure
PO
UR
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Example of calculating output signal

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Pressure sensors and switches
Pressure transmitter

LY
ON
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: The ratio between pressure and current

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Pressure sensors and switches
Pressure transmitter

LY
PLC ON
0 bar…6 bar mA O S E
p
R P
mA U
G P 4 mA…20 mA

N IN
A I
R TR
F O 0% 100 %
Zero Span
Offset Gain

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Pressure sensors and switches
Pressure switches

Pressure switches work on the

LY
principle that the output signal
is on/off type. The number of
ON
pressure switches may vary
S E
depending on the installation.
PO
UR
Components
G P
01 Pressure sensor
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Pressure switch

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Pressure sensors and switches
Pressure switches

LY
ON
10 k
S E 10 k

PO
UR
G
NO
P
N IN NC

A I
T R
O R No pressure / pressure loss
F Pressurised

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Pressure sensors and switches
Cylinder pressure sensor

Cylinder pressure sensor measures the

LY
combustion pressure that the piston is
ON
E
subject to.

OS
R P
P U
IN G
Components

A I N
R
01 Sensor head

R T
02 Signal Condition Unit (SCU)

F O
03 Connector

Fig. name: Cylinder pressure sensor

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Pressure sensors and switches
Cylinder pressure sensor
A Cylinder pressure curve
LY
N
B Signal supplied by the piezo-electric knock sensor
O
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Pressure sensors and switches
High pressure sensors

High pressure sensors are mainly

LY 01
used for fuel rail pressures and
ON
E
control oil circuits.

OS
R P
P U
IN G
A I N
Components
T R
O R
01 Pressure transmitter

Fig. name: High pressure transmitter

© Wärtsilä
 SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Pressure sensors and switches
High pressure sensors
Thin film on steel type sensor
Very good long term stability.
LY
With high pressure threaded
ON
connection.
S E
Excellent resistance to
PO
pressure peaks.
UR
All wetted parts are stainless steel
G P
(without additional material).

N IN
Very good overpressure
A I
resistance, ideal for nominal
T R
R
pressures up to 2000 bar.

F O
Components
01 Pressure transmitter
02 Connection plug

Fig. name: High pressure transmitter

49 © Wärtsilä 16 September 2016 0-000R07CB0720A001S_03en / Turku Training Centre

SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Pressure sensors and switches
Principle of the ratiometric output

LY
ON
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Ratiometric sensor output

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Pressure sensors and switches
Principle of the ratiometric output

In WECS installations.
LY
ON
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Ratio between pressure and voltage 0-16

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Pressure sensors and switches
Principle of the ratiometric output

In UNIC installations.
LY
ON
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Ratio between pressure and voltage 0-2000

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Pressure sensors and switches
Pressure gauges

The engine can be equipped by

LY
a series of pressure gauges.
Those are located close to the
ON
related measuring points.
S E
PO
Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauges
UR
Liquid filling Glycerine
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Pressure gauge

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Position sensors
Introduction

Y
Position sensors are used for speed
measurement of the engine and the
N L
turbocharger and for fuel rack control
position.
E O
OS
R P Inductive type /
Magnetic type

P U Proximity sensor

Application
IN G
Speed sensor
Speed sensor

I N Limit switch/Position sensor

RA
Suitable for High surface speed Slow surface speed

R T Certain minimum

F O Limits
Detection frequency
(Depend on type &
Limited switching frequency
(500-4000 Hz)
Measuring circuit)
Power supply No Yes
Output voltage Variable to speed Constant

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Position sensors
Speed Magnetic Pick-Up’s

Components
LY
01 Ferrous gear
ON
02 Pole piece
S E
03 Coil
PO
04 Permanent magnet
UR
05 Bracket
G P
06 Locking nut

N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Principle of magnetic Pick-Up’s

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Position sensors
Speed Magnetic Pick-Up’s
For high speeds only Magnetic field lines
LY
O
Induced voltageN
S E
across the coil

Magnet P
O
U R V
G P t

N IN
I
T RA Magnetic pick-up coil

O R
FPassing gear-tooth
• causing changing magnetic field
Low speed

• causing induction voltage in

magnetic pick-up coil High speed

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Position sensors
Speed Magnetic Pick-Up’s

LY
ON
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Position sensors
Proximity Probes
Proximity Probes or Proximity
Switches are active devices
LY
usually used where slow rpm
or a large air gap is required.
ON
Proximity probes require an
S E
external power supply, usually
PO
24 VDC to operate.
UR
G P
Components
N IN
01 Ferrous gear
A I
T R
02 Solid state circuitry

O R
03 Bracket

F 04 Locking nut

Fig. name: Principle of proximity Probes

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Position sensors
Proximity Probes
Magnetic field lines
LY
ON
Coil (with weak-iron core),
S E
O
part of tuned circuit of oscillator
P
U R
G P
Frequency
Oscillator
N IN demodulator
A I
T R
R
Vp (“1”)

O
F Passing gear-tooth “0”

causing de-tuning
Frequency in
of oscillator circuit LC-oscillator
1
f
Tooth No tooth Tooth 2 LC
passage passage
© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Position sensors
Proximity Probes

LY
ON
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN
AI
T R
O R
F

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Load indicator (Fuel rack position)
Example of sensors

LY
ON
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Position sensor

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Load indicator (Fuel & timing rack position)
Fuel rack position sensors used
for load sharing must be more
accurate. LVDT (Linear Variable
LY
Differential Transformer)
ON
E
transmitter is used.

OS
R P
Connections
P U
1 = +V
IN G
2 = 0V
A I N
T R
3 = Output signal

O R
F Output: 4-20mA
I out max: 25mA
Supply current: max 60mA
Supply voltage: 21.5 – 32 VDC
Operating temperature: -10Co to +80Co
Fig. name: Load indicator

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Load indicator (Fuel & timing rack position)
Target
Target
neutra
up
l

LY
ON
OSC
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN Output

A I (V/mA)

T R
O R
F Displacement
(mm)

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Level switches

Connections
1 = Plus (+)
LY
2 = Minus (-)
ON
3 = Signal (S)
S E
PO
Output; PNP-Type
UR
Short circuit proof and
G P
N
overload protected
Operating voltage; 12/24
I N I
VDC (-25% +30%)
R A
R T
F O

Fig. name: Level switches

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Level switches

LY
Frequency ON
E
Oscillator
demodulator
O S
R P
P U
IN G
A I N
T R
O R
F A coaxial capacitor in means of measuring fluid level.

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Reed level switches

There is a magnetic vane inside the reed.

When a magnet is brought near the vane it
LY
changes the position of the vane and
ON
switches the circuit on in a level of question.
S E
PO
UR
G
inert gas P
gap
IN
IN
lead

R A
T
ORS
sealed envelope

F N

S N
N S

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Accelerometers
Piezoelectric

Measurement of structure-borne
LY
vibrations (knocking). Heavy
knocking in combustion damages
ON
the engine. The data from the
S E
knock sensor enables counter-
PO
measures to be undertaken.
UR
Sensing principle is piezoelectric.

G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Knock sensor

© Wärtsilä
 SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Accelerometers
Piezoelectric

Measurement of structure-borne
LY
vibrations (knocking). Heavy
knocking in combustion damages
ON
the engine. The data from the
S E
knock sensor enables counter-
PO
measures to be undertaken.
UR
Sensing principle is piezoelectric.

G P
Components
N IN
01 Screw
A I
02 Housing
T R
O R
03 Seismic mass with

F compressive forces F
04 Piezo-ceramic
05 Electrical connection
06 Contact
07 Machine block
V Vibration Fig. name: Knock sensor

68 © Wärtsilä 16 September 2016 0-000R07CB0720A001S_03en / Turku Training Centre

SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Accelerometers
Piezoelectric accelerometer

Piezoelectricity
LY
N
“The ability of certain materials to develop an electric charge that is proportional to
O
E
the direct applied mechanical stress”
Piezoelectric accelerometer
OS
The force causing the acceleration/knock charges the P
U R
G P
piezoelectric material. The charged plates have then a

IN
voltage relative to the acceleration or
N
knock.

A I
T R Cover (Loose)

R
Force
vibration plate

F O ____________
_ Electrical output
Piezoelectric µV/m/s2
element
++++++++++++

Base
© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
Accelerometers

LY
ON
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN
AI
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Knock sensor

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
System
Wireless monitoring
Big end bearing temperature
Information is communicated to
LY
UNIC via bus or hardwired
ON
E
signals.

OS
R P
P U
IN G
A I N 02 01

Components
T R
O R
01 Stationary antenna
F 02 Temperature sensor

Fig. name: Wireless monitoring of big end bearing temperature

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
System
Wireless monitoring
Big end bearing temperature
Big end bearing monitoring is
LY
carried out with one wireless
ON
E
temperature sensor with a
stationary antenna per cylinder
OS
and one or more signal
R P
U
processing units.

G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Wireless monitoring of big end bearing temperature

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
System
Wireless monitoring
Big end bearing temperature

LY
ON
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Wireless monitoring of big end bearing temperature

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY ALT. DESIGN 1

System
Wireless monitoring
Big end bearing temperature
The system comprises one
LY
wireless temperature sensor
ON
E
with a stationary antenna per
cylinder and a signal processing
OS
unit/units.
R P
U
The temperature sensor is
mounted close to the connecting
G P
N
rod big end bearing.

I N I
R A
Components
R T
F O
01 Stationary antenna
02 Sensor

Fig. name: Wireless monitoring of big end bearing temperature

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
System
Wireless monitoring
Big end bearing temperature

LY
Measuring range: 0 to 200 oC
ON
Amb. temp. SPU: -40 to 85 oC
S E
Amb. temp. antenna: 0 to 110 oC
PO
Storage temp: -40 to 120 oC
UR
G
Accuracy: +/-0,5 oC or +/- 2 oC P
Repeatability: +/-0,2 oC
N IN
A I
Sensor passage speed: 1 to 80 m/s
T R
Sensor/antenna gap: 7 to 30 mm

O R
Communication: RS485 Modbus or 4-20mA
F Max. antenna cable length: 25 m
Min. sensor diameter: 5mm
Automatic gain control (AGC)

Fig. name: Wireless monitoring of big end bearing temperature

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
System
Wireless monitoring
Big end bearing temperature
( oC )
LY
ON Abstracts from report made by Main Bearing

Alarm from temperature sensor

[Link], G. Liljenfeldt, T. Blomberg, Wârtsilä

E
Temperature
400
OS
R P
Cutting the oil supply
P U

Alarm from oil mist

G
300

N IN
I
RA
Oil Mist

T
200

O R
F 100
Alarm limit

1 2 3 4 5 ( Min )

Fig. name: Wireless monitoring of big end bearing temperature

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
System
Wireless monitoring
Big end bearing temperature
Wartsila 32
LY
ON
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Engine installation Principal drawing

Fig. name: Wireless monitoring of big end bearing temperature

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
System
Wireless monitoring
Big end bearing temperature
Wartsila 46/50
LY
ON
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Engine installation Principal drawing

Fig. name: Wireless monitoring of big end bearing temperature

© Wärtsilä
SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
System
Wireless monitoring
Big end bearing temperature
Wartsila 46F
LY
ON
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Wireless monitoring of big end bearing temperature

© Wärtsilä
 SENSOR CODING & TECHNOLOGY
System
Wireless monitoring
Big end bearing temperature
Wartsila 46F
LY
ON
S E
PO
UR
G P
N IN
A I
T R
O R
F

Fig. name: Wireless monitoring of big end bearing temperature

80 © Wärtsilä 16 September 2016 0-000R07CB0720A001S_03en / Turku Training Centre