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Number_System_Notes

The document provides a comprehensive guide on the number system, covering classifications of numbers such as complex, real, and imaginary numbers, as well as rational and irrational numbers. It includes detailed explanations of natural, whole, and integer numbers, along with types of natural numbers, divisibility rules, and formulas for factors and sums. Additionally, it offers practical examples and tricks for calculations related to unit digits and trailing zeros.

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Deepak Baghel
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
4 views4 pages

Number_System_Notes

The document provides a comprehensive guide on the number system, covering classifications of numbers such as complex, real, and imaginary numbers, as well as rational and irrational numbers. It includes detailed explanations of natural, whole, and integer numbers, along with types of natural numbers, divisibility rules, and formulas for factors and sums. Additionally, it offers practical examples and tricks for calculations related to unit digits and trailing zeros.

Uploaded by

Deepak Baghel
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Number System (संख्या पद्ध ति)

Complete Concept Notes — Basic to Advanced (Hinglish)

QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE

1. Classification of Numbers (Numbers ke Prakar)


Duniya ke saare numbers ko hum do badi categories me baant te hain:

Complex Numbers (स मिश्र संख्याएं)


|
+--------------------+--------------------+
| |
Real Numbers (वास्त वक) Imaginary Numbers (काल्प निक)
| (e.g., √-1 = i)
+--------+--------+
| |
Rational (प रिमिेय) Irrational (अप रिमिेय)
| (e.g., √2, √3, π)
Integers (पू ार्णांक)
|
+----+----+
| |
Negative Whole (पू र्ण)
|
+--+--+
| |
0 Natural (प्राकृ तक)

(A) Real vs Imaginary Numbers


• Real Numbers (वास्ति वक संख्याएं): Jin numbers ko aap Number Line par dikha sakte ho. (Examples:
-5, 0, 2.5, 1/2, √3).
• Imaginary Numbers (काल्प निक संख्याएं): Jo reality me exist nahi karte, bas math me suppose kiye
jaate hain. Jaise square root ke andar minus: √(-1) (ise i ya iota bolte hain).

(B) Rational vs Irrational Numbers


• Rational Numbers (प रिमेय): Jinhe aap Fraction (p/q) ke roop me likh sakte ho (jahan niche wala q ≠
0 ho).
Examples: 3/4, 5 (kyunki 5 = 5/1), 0.75, -2. Inka decimal ya to ruk jata hai (0.5) ya repeat hota hai
(0.333...).
• Irrational Numbers (अप रिमेय): Jinhe p/q me nahi likha ja sakta. Inka decimal kabhi khatam nahi
hota aur na hi repeat hota hai.
Examples: √2, √3, π, 0.1010010001...

Golden Note: π ek Irrational Number hai, lekin iski approximate value 22/7 ek Rational Number hai.

(C) Integers, Whole & Natural Numbers


• Natural Numbers (प्राकृ तिक): Counting wali numbers jo 1 se shuru hoti hain. (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...)

Number System — Complete Study Notes Page 1 of 4


• Whole Numbers (पू र्ण): Agar Natural numbers me 0 ko bhi mila do. (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...)
• Integers (पू ार्णांक): Poore numbers (bina point/fraction ke) chahe positive ho ya negative. (..., -3, -2, -1,
0, 1, 2, 3, ...)

2. Natural Numbers ke Types (Very Basic)


1. Even Numbers (सम): Jo 2 ke table me aate hain (Last digit: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8). Ex: 2, 4, 6, 8, ...
2. Odd Numbers ( वषम): Jo 2 se nahi kat te (Last digit: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9). Ex: 1, 3, 5, 7, ...
3. Prime Numbers (अभाज्य): Aisi numbers jinke Sirf 2 Factors hote hain — 1 aur wo Number khud!
Ex: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, ...

• 1 na to Prime hai na hi Composite.


• Sabse chhota Prime Number 2 hai (aur ye akela Even Prime Number hai).
• 1 se 50 tak = 15 Prime numbers | 1 se 100 tak = 25 Prime numbers.

4. Composite Numbers (भाज्य): Jinke 2 se jyada factors hote hain. Ex: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, ... (Sabse chhota
Composite Number = 4).
5. Co-Prime Numbers (सह-अभाज्य): Aisi do numbers ka joda (pair) jinka HCF = 1 ho. Ex: (8, 9), (15, 22).
6. Twin Prime Numbers: Aise do Prime numbers jinke beech me 2 ka gap ho. Ex: (3, 5), (5, 7), (11, 13).

3. Divisibility Rules (Kisse Katega?)

Divisor Divisibility Rule & Shortcut

2 Last digit 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 ho.

3 Sabhi digits ka sum (योग) 3 se katna chahiye. (Ex: 123 → 1+2+3 = 6)

4 Last ke 2 digits 4 se katne chahiye. (Ex: 4524 → 24 kat ta hai)

5 Last digit 0 ya 5 ho.

6 Number 2 aur 3 dono ke rules ko follow kare.

8 Last ke 3 digits 8 se katne chahiye.

9 Sabhi digits ka sum 9 se katna chahiye.

10 Last digit hamesha 0 ho.

Alternate digits ke sum ka difference 0 ya 11 ka multiple ho. (Ex: 1331 → (1+3)-(3+1) =


11
0)

4. Division Algorithm & Remainder (भाग औरि शेषफल)

Basic Division Formula:

Dividend (भाज्य) = [Divisor (भाजक) × Quotient (भागफल)] + Remainder (शेषफल)

D = (d × Q) + R

Number System — Complete Study Notes Page 2 of 4


Negative Remainder Concept: Calculation easy karne ke liye negative remainder use karte hain.

• Example: 49 / 10 → Positive Remainder = +9, Negative Remainder = -1.


• Final answer hamesha positive hoga: 10 - 1 = 9.

5. Unit Digit Trick (इकाई का अंक)


Kisi badi power wale question me last digit kaise nikale:

• Rule for 0, 1, 5, 6: Power kuch bhi ho, Unit Digit same rehta hai.
0n → 0, 1n → 1, 5n → 5, 6n → 6
• Rule for 4 & 9:
4Odd → 4 | 4Even → 6
9Odd → 9 | 9Even → 1
• Rule for 2, 3, 7, 8 (Cyclicity of 4):
Power ko 4 se divide karo aur Remainder dekho:
• Remainder 1 → Power 1 | Remainder 2 → Power 2 | Remainder 3 → Power 3
• Remainder 0 → Power 4 (Yaad rakhein: 0 aaye to power 4 leni hai).

6. Number of Factors (कुल गु निखंड)

Agar kisi number N ka Prime Factorization karein: N = ap × bq × cr

Formulas for Factors:


• Total Factors: (p + 1)(q + 1)(r + 1)
• Sum of Factors: [(ap+1 - 1) / (a - 1)] × [(bq+1 - 1) / (b - 1)]

Example: 12 = 22 × 31 → Total Factors = (2+1)(1+1) = 3 × 2 = 6.

7. Number of Trailing Zeros (अं तिम शून्यों की संख्या)


Zero (0) hamesha 2 × 5 ke pair se banta hai.

Factorial (n!) me kitne Zeros honge, uske liye number ko 5 se tab tak divide karte hain jab tak quotient
5 se chhota na ho jaye:

Example (100! me Zeros):


100 / 5 = 20
20 / 5 = 4
Total Zeros = 20 + 4 = 24 Zeros

8. Important Sum Formulas (जोड़ के तिरिीके)

1. First n Natural numbers ka sum: S = [n(n + 1)] / 2


2. First n Even numbers ka sum: S = n(n + 1)
3. First n Odd numbers ka sum: S = n2
4. First n Natural numbers ke Squares ka sum: S = [n(n + 1)(2n + 1)] / 6
5. First n Natural numbers ke Cubes ka sum: S = [[n(n + 1)] / 2]2

Number System — Complete Study Notes Page 3 of 4


9. Recurring Decimals to Fraction (बारि वाले सवाल)
• Type 1 (Pure Recurring): 0.ā = a/9 and 0.āb̄ = ab/99
Examples: 0.7̄ = 7/9, 0.35̄ = 35/99
• Type 2 (Mixed Recurring): [Link]̄ = (ab - a) / 90
Example: 0.16̄ = (16 - 1) / 90 = 15/90 = 1/6

10. Practice Examples (Topic-wise Worked Problems)

Topic Question Solution

(7+8+6) - (3+2A) = 0 → 21 - 3 - 2A = 0 →
Divisibility (11 Rule) If 738A6A is divisible by 11, find A.
2A = 18 → A = 9

Number ÷ 56 leaves R=29. What Direct divide 29 by 8: 29 / 8 →


Remainder Theorem
is R when ÷ 8? Remainder = 5

Unit Digit Find unit digit of (234)102 + (234)103 4Even(6) + 4Odd(4) = 10 → Unit Digit = 0

Factors Find total factors of 72. 72 = 23 × 32 → (3+1)(2+1) = 4 × 3 = 12

Power Remainder Find remainder of (6767 + 67) / 68 (-1)67 + (-1) = -2 → 68 - 2 = 66

Number System — Complete Study Notes Page 4 of 4

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