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Chapter 3 Examples

Chapter Three discusses the analysis of retaining walls, focusing on calculating factors of safety against overturning and sliding using examples. It includes detailed calculations for cantilever and gravity retaining walls, applying Coulomb's active earth pressure theory. The chapter provides specific numerical solutions and verifies that the calculated factors of safety meet the required thresholds.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
2 views5 pages

Chapter 3 Examples

Chapter Three discusses the analysis of retaining walls, focusing on calculating factors of safety against overturning and sliding using examples. It includes detailed calculations for cantilever and gravity retaining walls, applying Coulomb's active earth pressure theory. The chapter provides specific numerical solutions and verifies that the calculated factors of safety meet the required thresholds.

Uploaded by

mkrma
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter Three  Retaining Walls

Example 3.1
For the cantilever retaining wall shown, calculate the factor of safety with respect to
2
overturning and sliding. Use k1 = k2 =
3

Solution
From Table (2.1);
For 1 = 30o , α = 10o  Ka = 0.3495
𝜙2 20
For 2 = 20o , α = 0o  𝐾𝑝 = tan2 (45 + ) = tan2 (45 + ) = 2.040
2 2

H = H1 + H2 + H3
= 0.458 + 6 + 0.7 = 7.158 m
1 1
Pa = γ1 H2 Ka = (18) (7.158)2 (0.3495)
2 2

= 161.2 kN/m
Pv = Pa . sin α = 161.2 sin 10 = 28.0 kN/m
Ph = Pa . cos α = 161.2 cos 10 = 158.75 kN/m
1
Pp = γ2 D2 Kp + 2c2 √K 𝑝 . D
2
1
= (19) (1.5)2 (2.04) + 2(40)(1.5) √2.04
2

= 215.0 kN/m
7.158
Mo = Ph . y̅a = 158.75 ( ) = 378.78 kN.m/m
3

1. Overturning;
∑ MR 1132.88
FS(overturning) = = = 2.99 > 2.0 ok
Mo 378.78

2. Sliding;
(∑ 𝑉) tan (k1 ́ 2 )+B k2 ć2 +Pp
FS(sliding) =
Ph

1
Chapter Three  Retaining Walls
2 2
(473.11) tan( × 20)+(4) ( ) (40)+215
3 3
= = 2.73 > 1.5 ok
158.75

Section Area Weight / unit length Moment arm from point c Moment
no. (m2) (kN/m) (m) (kN.m/m)
1 6 × 0.5 = 3 72 0.7+0.2+0.25= 1.15 82.8
2 0.5 (6) (0.2) = 0.6 14.4 (2/3)(0.2) + 0.7 = 0.833 12.0
3 4 × 0.7 = 2.8 67.2 2.0 134.4
4 6 × 2.6 = 15.6 280.8 (1/2) (2.6) +1.4 = 2.7 758.16
5 0.5 (2.6) (0.458) = 0.595 10.71 (2/3) (2.6) +1.4 = 3.13 33.52
Pv = 28.0 4 112
∑ 𝑉 = 473.11 ∑ M𝑅 = 1132.88

Example 3.2
For the gravity retaining wall shown, use Coulomb's active earth pressure theory to
determine;
a. The factor of safety against overturning.
b. The factor of safety against sliding.
2
Use k1 = k2 =
3

Solution
From Table (2.3);
2
For δ́ = ́ , 1 = 32o , α = 0o , β = 75o  Ka = 0.4023
3
ϕ2 24
K p = tan2 (45 + ) = tan2 (45 + ) = 2.3712
2 2

H = H1 + H2 = 5 + 1.5 = 6.5 m
1 1
Pa = γ1 H2 Ka = (18.5) (6.5)2 (0.4023) = 157.22 kN/m
2 2

2
Chapter Three  Retaining Walls
2
Pv = Pa . sin (δ́+15) = 157.22 sin ( × 32+15) = 93.15 kN/m
3
2
Ph = Pa . cos sin (δ́+15) = 157.22 cos ( × 32+15) = 126.65 kN/m
3
1
Pp = γ2 D2 Kp + 2c2 √K 𝑝 . D
2
1
Pp = (18) (1.5)2 (2.3712) + 2 (30)(1.5) √2.3712 = 186.60 kN/m
2
6.5
Mo = Ph . y̅a = 126.65 ( ) = 274.41 kN.m/m
3

Section Area Weight / unit length Moment arm from point c Moment
2
no. (m ) (kN/m) (m) (kN.m/m)
1 0.5 (5.7) (1.53) = 4.36 104.64 (1/3)(1.53) + 1.67 = 2.18 228.11
2 5.7 × 0.6 = 3.42 82.08 0.3 +1.07 = 1.37 112.45
3 0.5 (5.7) (0.27) = 0.77 18.48 (2/3)(0.27) + 0.8 = 0.98 18.11
4 ≈ 3.5 × 0.8 = 2.8 67.2 1.75 117.6
Pv = 93.15 2.833 263.89
∑ 𝑉 = 365.55 ∑ M𝑅 = 740.16

1. Overturning;
∑ MR 740.16
FS(overturning) = = = 2.7 > 2.0 ok
Mo 274.41

2. Sliding;
(∑ 𝑉) tan (k1 ́ 2 )+B k2 ć2 +Pp
FS(sliding) =
Ph
2 2
(365.55) tan( × 24)+(3.5) ( ) (30)+186.6
3 3
= = 2.85 > 1.5 ok
126.65

3
Chapter Three  Retaining Walls

Example 3.3
For the gravity retaining wall shown, determine;
a. The factor of safety against overturning.
b. The factor of safety against sliding.
2
Use k1 = k2 =
3

Solution
For α = 0
𝜙1 32
𝐾𝑎 = tan2 (45 − ) = tan2 (45 − ) = 0.3072
2 2
𝜙2 24
𝐾𝑝 = tan2 (45 + ) = tan2 (45 + ) = 2.3712
2 2

H = 5.7 + 0.8 = 6.5 m


6.5
y̅a = = 2.167 m
3
1 1
Pa = γ1 H2 Ka = (18.5) (6.5)2 (0.3072)
2 2

= 120.0 kN/m
Pv = 0 kN/m
Ph = Pa = 120.0 kN/m
1
Pp = γ2 D2 Kp + 2c2 √K 𝑝 . D
2
1
= (18) (1.5)2 (2.3712) + 2(30)(1.5) √2.3712 = 186.61 kN/m
2

Mo = Ph . y̅a = 120 × 2.167 = 260.0 kN.m/m

4
Chapter Three  Retaining Walls

Section Area Weight / unit length Moment arm from point c Moment
no. (m2) (kN/m) (m) (kN.m/m)
1 0.5 (5.7) (1.53) = 4.36 104.64 (1/3)(1.53) +1.67 = 2.18 228.12
2 0.6 × 5.7 = 3.42 82.08 0.3 + 1.07 = 1.37 112.45
3 0.5 (5.7) (0.27) = 0.77 18.48 (2/3)(0.27) + 0.8 = 0.98 18.11
4 0.8 × 3.5 = 2.8 67.2 1.75 117.6
5 0.5 (1.53) (5.7) = 4.36 80.66 (2/3)(1.53) + 1.67 = 2.69 216.98
6 0.3 × 5.7 = 1.71 31.64 (1/2) (0.3) + 3.2 = 3.35 105.99
∑ 𝑉 = 384.7 ∑ M𝑅 = 799.25

1. Overturning;
∑ MR 799.25
FS(overturning) = = = 3.07 > 2.0 ok
Mo 260

2. Sliding;
(∑ 𝑉) tan (k1 ́ 2 )+B k2 ć2 +Pp
FS(sliding) =
Ph
2 2
(384.7) tan( × 24)+(3.5) ( ) (30)+186.61
3 3
= = 3.05 > 1.5 ok
120

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