Animation
• The word “animation” is a form of “animate,”
which means to bring to life.
• Animation is the process of making the illusion
of motion and the illusion of change by means of
the rapid succession of sequential images that
minimally differ from each other.
• It can add great power to our multimedia
projects.
• Animation is created from drawn pictures unlike
video which is created using a real time visuals.
History of Animation
A 5,200-year-old pottery bowl discovered in
Shahr-e Sukhteh, Iran has five sequential images
painted around it that seem to show phases of
a Persian Desert Ibex leaping up to nip at a tree.
History of Animation
• A projecting praxinoscope, 1882, here shown
superimposing an animated figure on a
separately projected background scene
History of Animation
• The first animated film created by using what
became known as traditional (hand-drawn)
animation - the 1908 by Émile Cohl
• 50 years ago, Walt Disney create
animation object like Mickey Mouse.
Principles of Animation
• Persistence of Vision -biological phenomenon
an object seen by the human eye remains
mapped on the retina for a brief time after
viewing.
• Causes the visual illusion of movement, when
images change slightly and rapidly
Animation and Frame Rates
• Television video creates 30 frames per
second
• Movies are shot at a rate of 24 frames
per second and replayed at 48 frames
per second
• Both are used to create motion and
animation
Animation Technique
– Performance motion and motion capture
– Cel Animation(frame by frame)
– Path animation or Key frame
– Rotoscoping
Motion capture and Performance
motion
• Is the process of recording the movement of
objects or people.
• It refers to record an action of human actors,
and using that information to animate digital
character models in 2D or 3D.
• When it includes face and fingers or captures
subtle expressions, it is often referred to
as performance capture.
Motion capture and Performance motion
Motion capture and Performance motion
Advantages
• Motion capture offers several advantages over
traditional computer animation of a 3D
model:
– More rapid.
– The amount of work does not vary with the
complexity or length.
– Complex movement and realistic physical.
– The amount of animation data that can be
produced within a given time is extremely large.
Markers
• Passive markers: Passive optical system use markers
coated with a retro reflective material to reflect light
that is generated near the cameras lens. The camera's
threshold can be adjusted so only the bright reflective
markers will be sampled, ignoring skin and fabric.
• Active marker: Active optical systems triangulate
positions by illuminating one LED at a time very quickly
or multiple LEDs with software to identify them by
their relative positions, Rather than reflecting light
back that is generated externally, the markers
themselves are powered to emit their own light.
Traditional Animation or Cel Animation
• Traditional Animation, (or Classical
Animation, Cel animation, or hand-drawn
animation)
• Is an animation technique where each frame
is drawn by hand. The technique was the
dominant form of animation in cinema until
the advent of computer animation.
• In the traditional animation process, animators will
begin by drawing sequences of animation on sheets
of paper perforated to fit the peg bars in their desks,
often using colored pencils, one picture or "frame" at
a time.
• A peg bar is an animation tool that is used in
traditional (cel) animation to keep the drawings in
place.
• Once in-between drawings for a sequence are
completed, each drawing is then transferred
from paper to a thin, clear sheet of plastic
called a Cel.
• Cel stands for Celluloid which is a clear sheet
with images drown on them.
• The Cel is usually animate in 24 frame per
second; therefore, a minute may require as
many as 1440 separate frame.
Computers and traditional animation
• The drawings are composited in a computer
program on many transparent "layers" much
the same way as they are with cels, and made
into a sequence of images which may then be
transferred onto film or converted to a digital
video format.
• It is now possible for animators to draw
directly into a computer using a graphics
tablet, Cintiq or a similar device.
Cintiq
Path animation or Key frame
• In this technique a storyboard is laid out and
then the artists draw the major frames of the
animation.
• Animation is a drawing that defines the
starting and ending points of any smooth
transition.
• Start with keyframes(the first and last frame)
Path animation or Key frame
• The series of frames in between the keyframes
are drawn in a process called tweening.
• Tweening required calculating the number of
frames between keyframes and the path the
actions take.
• Because only two or three keyframes over the
span of a second do not create the illusion of
movement, the remaining frames are filled
with in-betweens.
Filled By Tweening
Start Frame
End Frame
Rotoscoping animation
• Rotoscoping is a technique where images are
copied from a moving video into an
animation. The animator draws the motion
and shape of the object by referring to the
video as opposed to imagining in his head.
• With the help of the rotoscoping one can
animate some complex scenes that would be
hard to visualize otherwise.
Rotoscoping animation
• The disadvantage is that one will have to hunt
for the exact video that one wants to animate.
Software used for Animation creation
• 3Dstudio Max: The successor to 3DStudio 3.0.
3DStudio Max runs under [Link], It is
entirely object oriented, featuring new
improvements, such as volumetric lighting,
space warps, and all new redesigned interface.
• LightWave3D: Light Wave 3D is another high-
end PC 3D computer software package.
Originally developed for the Amiga platform.
Software used for Animation creation
• Adobe Premiere: Adobe Premiere is a tool
that is used to composite Digitized video, stills,
and apply a variety of transitions and special
effects.
• Adobe After Effects: is widely used for motion
graphics and animation.