Intelligent home protection system

Major Project Report submitted

In partial fulfilment for the award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology
in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Submitted by

Name: Biswajit Das

Registration No: 2201298246
Name: Bulu Behera
Registration No: 2321298064
Name: Rajiblochan Pradhan
Registration No: 2201298265
Name: Kapileswar Prasad Pattnaik
Registration No: 2201298258

Under the supervision of

Dr. Bhabani Pattnaik

BIJU PATNAIK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

ROURKELA, ODISHA
BATCH: 2022-26

GIFT AUTONOMOUS
BHUBANESWAR

1
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Major project report entitled “Intelligent home protection system”

submitted by “Biswajit Das (2201298246), Bulu Behera (2201298064), Rajib Lochan

Pradhan (2201298265), Kapileswar Prasad Pattnaik (2201298258)” in partial fulfilment of

the requirements for the award of the Degree Bachelor of Technology in “Electrical and

Electronics Engineering “is a bonafide record of the work carried out under our guidance and

supervision of Dr. Bhabani Pattnaik at GIFT Autonomous Bhubaneswar.

Signature of
Signature of HOD Signature External Examiner
Project Supervisor

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is with immense pleasure that I express my sincere sense of gratitude and humble
appreciation to Dr. Bhabani Pattnaik for his invaluable guidance, whole-hearted co-operation,
constructive criticism and continuous encouragement in the preparation of this thesis. Without
his support and guidance, the present work would have remained a dream.

I would also like to thank Dr. Bhabni Pattnaik, HOD of Electrical & Electronics
Engineering Department, GIFT for providing necessary facilities.

I take this opportunity to thank all my scholar friends & family for their valuable
support and encouragement throughout the preparation of this work. I also thank all those who
have directly or indirectly helped in completion of this work.

Biswajit Das
Bulu Behera
May 2026 Rajib Lochan Pradhan
GIFT Bhubaneswar Kapileswar Prasad Pattnaik

3
 DECLARATION OF SCHOLAR

I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the report entitle "Intelligent home
protection system" in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering under BPUT, Odisha is an
authentic record of my own work carried out during the period from 2022 to 2026 under the
supervision of Dr. Bhabani Pattnaik.

The matter embodied in this thesis has not been submitted by me for the award of any other
degree of this or any other University/Institute.

Biswajit Das
Bulu Behera
Rajib Lochan Pradhan
Kapileswar Prasad Pattnaik

This is to certify that above statement made by the student is correct to the best of our
knowledge.

Dr. Bhabani Pattnaik

(Project Guide)
Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering

4
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents Page no.

1. Abstract ---------------------------------------------------------> 06

2. Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------> 07

3. Literature survey ---------------------------------------------------------> 08

4. Materials used ---------------------------------------------------------> 09

5. Material description ---------------------------------------------------------> 10

6. Main motive of the project ---------------------------------------------------------> 11

7. Real world problem addressed ---------------------------------------------------------> 13

8. Advantages and disadvantages ---------------------------------------------------------> 14

9. Result/Working principle ---------------------------------------------------------> 15

10. Future scope ---------------------------------------------------------> 16

11. Methodology ---------------------------------------------------------> 18

12. Circuit diagram ---------------------------------------------------------> 19

13. Circuit explanation ---------------------------------------------------------> 20

14. Project photographs ---------------------------------------------------------> 21

15. Applications of the project ---------------------------------------------------------> 23

16. Testing ---------------------------------------------------------> 24

17. Observation ---------------------------------------------------------> 25

18. Flow Chart ---------------------------------------------------------> 26

19. Safety precautions ---------------------------------------------------------> 27

20. Arduino Program ---------------------------------------------------------> 28

21. Conclusion ---------------------------------------------------------> 34

22. References ---------------------------------------------------------> 35

5
 ABSTRACT

 The Intelligent Home Protection System is designed to enhance residential safety

by detecting fire hazards and electrical faults in real time. With the increasing
number of fire accidents and electrical failures in homes, there is a growing need
for an automated and reliable safety solution.

 Traditional protection systems often lack immediate alert mechanisms and

require manual monitoring, which can delay emergency response.

 This project proposes a smart, automated system that continuously monitors

environmental conditions and electrical parameters using appropriate sensors. In
the event of fire detection or electrical abnormalities such as short circuits or
overloads, the system instantly sends an alert notification to the user via SMS.

 This ensures quick awareness and timely action to prevent severe damage to
property and human life.

 The proposed system is cost-effective, efficient, and suitable for modern smart
homes. By integrating sensing technology with communication modules, it
improves safety, minimizes risks, and enhances overall home protection.

6
 INTRODUCTION

 In today’s modern world, the safety of residential buildings has become a major
concern due to the increasing number of fire accidents and electrical faults.
Electrical short circuits, overload conditions, gas leaks, and unattended flames
are some of the common causes of household disasters.

 These incidents not only cause significant property damage but also pose serious
threats to human life. Therefore, there is a strong need for an efficient and reliable
home protection system.

 Traditional safety systems mainly depend on manual monitoring or standalone

alarm systems, which may not provide real-time alerts to homeowners. In many
cases, delays in detecting hazards or informing the concerned person can worsen
the situation and increase the extent of damage.

 With the rapid development of embedded systems and smart home technologies,
intelligent monitoring and alert systems have become more accessible and
affordable.

 By integrating sensors, microcontrollers, and communication modules, it is

possible to design a system that detects abnormal conditions such as fire and
electrical faults and immediately alerts the homeowner via SMS.

 The proposed Intelligent Home Protection System aims to provide a smart and
automated solution for residential safety. The system continuously monitors for
fire hazards and electrical irregularities and sends instant notifications to the user
when any abnormal condition is detected.

 This ensures quick response, reduces potential risks, and enhances overall home
security.

7
 LITERATURE SURVEY

 Many earlier systems focused primarily on fire detection using temperature and
smoke sensors. However, most of these systems lacked remote notification
features, limiting their effectiveness when homeowners were away from the
premises.

 With the advancement of microcontroller technology, researchers introduced

GSM-based alert systems that send SMS notifications during emergencies. These
systems improved response time by informing users instantly about fire accidents
or gas leaks. Some studies also integrated flame sensors and gas sensors with
Arduino or other microcontrollers to create cost-effective and efficient fire
detection systems.

 In addition to fire detection, several research works addressed electrical fault

monitoring, such as overload protection and short circuit detection. Current
sensors were used to identify abnormal electrical conditions. However, many of
these systems focused only on a single parameter, either fire detection or
electrical fault monitoring, rather than providing a combined solution.

 Based on the review of existing systems, it is observed that there is a need for a
simple, reliable, and cost-effective system that combines both fire detection and
electrical fault monitoring with instant user notification. The proposed Intelligent
Home Protection System aims to address this gap by integrating multiple safety
features into a single automated system that provides real-time SMS alerts.

8
 MATERIALS USED

Arduino UNO SIM900A GSM module

ACS712 current sensor Flame sensor

5v relay module Buzzer

LEDs Connecting wires

9
 MATERIAL DESCRIPTION

 Arduino Uno - Acts as the main controller of the system, it processes sensor data
and controls outputs (SMS, relay, buzzer).

 SIM900A GSM - It enables SMS communication using a SIM card, and sends
alert messages to the user during emergencies.

 Flame sensor - Detects the presence of fire or flame, sends a signal to the
controller when flame is detected.

 ACS712 Current sensor - Measures current flow in the circuit, helps detect
abnormal current indicating faults/short circuit.

 5V single channel relay - Acts as an electronic switch to control AC supply,

automatically cuts off power during fault conditions.

 Buzzer - Provides an audible alarm during emergencies.

 LED indicators - Gives visual indications of system status.

 Connecting wires - establishments of electrical connections between

components.

10
 MAIN MOTIVE OF THE PROJECT

1. Enhance Residential Safety

The main motive of the Intelligent Home Protection System is to enhance the
safety of homes and family members through smart technologies. Rising
security concerns and accidents require intelligent solutions that can
continuously monitor homes, detect dangers early, and provide fast alerts to
prevent loss of life and property.

2. Prevent Theft and Unauthorized Access

This project is motivated by the increasing number of burglary and theft
incidents occurring in residential areas. The system helps prevent
unauthorized access by using motion detectors, alarms, and automated
notifications. Homeowners receive immediate warnings whenever suspicious
activities are identified around the protected area or inside the building.

3. Provide Fast Emergency Response

Another motive behind the project is to ensure quick response during
emergencies such as fire accidents or gas leakage. Traditional systems may
fail to provide timely warnings, but intelligent systems instantly activate
alarms and send notifications, allowing people to take immediate action and
minimize dangerous situations effectively.

4. Support Smart Living Environments

The project supports the development of modern smart homes by integrating
automation and intelligent monitoring systems. Smart technologies improve
convenience, reduce manual work, and increase overall efficiency in home
management. The motive is to create safer, smarter, and more technologically
advanced living environments for future generations.

5. Increase Awareness about Safety Technology

The project encourages awareness and adoption of intelligent safety
technologies among people. Many households still depend on traditional
security methods that may not provide reliable protection. This motive
promotes the importance of smart systems in improving daily safety, reducing
risks, and ensuring better emergency preparedness in homes.

11
 REAL WORLD PROBLEMS ADDRESSED

1. Burglary and Theft Incidents

One major real-world problem addressed by this project is the increasing rate
of burglary and theft in residential areas. Many homes lack proper security
systems, making them vulnerable to unauthorized access. The intelligent
protection system helps detect intrusions early and provides alerts to
homeowners for immediate preventive action.

2. Fire Accidents in Homes

House fires caused by electrical faults, kitchen accidents, or negligence can
lead to serious damage and loss of life. This project addresses the issue by
using flame and smoke sensors to detect fire hazards at an early stage and
activate alarms before conditions become uncontrollable or highly dangerous.

3. Gas Leakage Hazards

Gas leakage is another common household problem that can cause
explosions, poisoning, or fire accidents. The Intelligent Home Protection
System uses gas sensors to identify harmful leakage quickly and notify
residents immediately. Early detection helps prevent accidents and ensures
the safety of family members and property.

4. Lack of Continuous Monitoring

Many homeowners cannot continuously monitor their houses due to work,
travel, or other responsibilities. This creates security risks and delays
emergency responses. The project solves this problem through automated
monitoring systems that operate continuously and provide alerts whenever
unusual activities or dangerous conditions are detected.

5. Delayed Emergency Communication

In traditional systems, emergency situations are sometimes identified too late,
leading to severe consequences. The project addresses this issue by enabling
instant communication through alarms, GSM modules, or mobile
applications. Quick notifications help homeowners and emergency services
respond rapidly and reduce the impact of dangerous situations.

12
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Advantages:

 Provides real-time detection of fire and electrical faults.

 Sends instant SMS alerts to the user.
 Ensures automatic power cut-off, reducing damage.
 Low-cost and easy to implement using simple components.
 Improves overall safety and response time.

Disadvantages:

 Depends on GSM network availability.

 Accuracy may vary due to sensor limitations.
 Cannot handle large-scale industrial faults.
 Requires proper power supply for GSM module.

13
 RESULT / WORKING PRINCIPLE

1. Sensor-Based Detection Process

The Intelligent Home Protection System works by using sensors such as
motion sensors, smoke sensors, flame sensors, and gas sensors to monitor the
home environment continuously. These sensors detect abnormal conditions
and send signals to the microcontroller whenever suspicious activities or
dangerous situations are identified inside the house.

2. Signal Processing by Microcontroller

After receiving signals from sensors, the microcontroller processes the
information and determines the type of emergency condition. Devices such
as Arduino or Node MCU analyse the sensor inputs and activate the required
output components including alarms, LEDs, or communication modules for
immediate warning and protection.

3. Alarm and Notification Activation

When dangerous conditions are detected, the system activates buzzers,
alarms, or warning lights to alert nearby people instantly. In advanced
systems, GSM or IoT modules send notifications to smartphones or
emergency contacts. This quick communication helps users respond rapidly
and prevent Seriou.

14
 FUTURE SCOPE

1. Integration with Artificial Intelligence

Future versions of the Intelligent Home Protection System can include
artificial intelligence technologies for advanced threat detection and decision-
making. AI can analyse patterns, recognize unusual behaviour, and reduce
false alarms. Intelligent algorithms can improve system accuracy, efficiency,
and overall security performance in smart homes.

2. IoT-Based Remote Monitoring

The project can be enhanced by integrating Internet of Things technology for
remote monitoring and control. Users will be able to access security
information, receive alerts, and manage devices through smartphones or web
applications from any location with internet connectivity.

3. Face Recognition and Biometric Security

Future systems can include facial recognition, fingerprint scanning, and
biometric access control for higher security levels. These technologies can
prevent unauthorized access more effectively and provide personalized
authentication methods. Advanced biometric systems will improve reliability
and increase the intelligence of modern home protection solutions.

4. Cloud Data Storage and Analytics

Cloud technology can be integrated into the system for secure storage of
security records, sensor data, and monitoring history. Data analytics can help
users understand security patterns and improve decision-making. Cloud-
based monitoring also allows multiple users to access security information
simultaneously and efficiently.

5. Renewable Energy Integration

Future intelligent home protection systems can operate using renewable
energy sources such as solar power. Solar-powered systems reduce electricity
consumption and improve operation during power failures. Integrating
renewable energy technologies will increase sustainability, reliability, and
efficiency while supporting environmentally friendly smart home
development.

15
 The Intelligent Home Protection System is designed as a basic and cost-
effective solution for improving residential safety. Although the current
system successfully detects fire and smoke and provides SMS and call alerts,
several advanced technologies can be added in the future to improve the
system’s efficiency, intelligence, reliability, and usability

 One major future enhancement is the integration of Internet of Things (IoT)

technology. By connecting the system to cloud platforms and mobile
applications, users will be able to monitor their homes remotely in real time.
IoT integration will allow users to receive instant notifications, check sensor
status, and control devices from anywhere using smartphones or computers.
This will make the system more suitable for modern smart home
environments.

 Another important enhancement is the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and

machine learning techniques. AI can analyse sensor data more accurately and
reduce false alarms by identifying actual dangerous situations. Intelligent
algorithms can also predict abnormal conditions before serious accidents
occur, improving the overall safety and reliability of the system.

 The project can also be upgraded by developing a dedicated mobile

application. A mobile app can provide emergency notifications, sensor
monitoring, system status updates, and control options in a user-friendly
interface. This will improve convenience and allow users to manage the
system more efficiently.

 In future versions, camera and surveillance systems can be integrated with

the project. When fire or smoke is detected, the system can automatically
capture images or record videos and send them to the user. This feature will
help users identify the exact cause and location of emergencies quickly.

 Additional security technologies such as face recognition, fingerprint

authentication, and RFID-based access control can also be added to
improve protection against unauthorized access. These technologies will
increase the intelligence and security level of the system.

16
 The system can further be enhanced by adding more sensors such as:
 Gas leakage sensors
 Temperature sensors
 Motion sensors
 Water leakage sensors

 This will transform the project into a complete smart home monitoring and
protection system capable of handling multiple types of emergencies.

 Another useful enhancement is the implementation of cloud data storage

and analytics. Sensor readings and emergency records can be stored securely
on cloud servers for future analysis and monitoring. This feature can help
users maintain safety records and improve emergency management.

 Future systems can also use renewable energy sources such as solar panels
and battery backup systems. This will reduce electricity consumption and
ensure uninterrupted operation during power failures or emergency
conditions.

 Finally, the project can be expanded for use in larger areas such as offices,
industries, warehouses, and commercial buildings by using industrial-grade
sensors and advanced monitoring systems.

 Overall, future enhancements can transform the Intelligent Home Protection

System into a fully automated, intelligent, and highly reliable smart safety
platform suitable for modern homes and advanced security applications.

17
 METHODOLOGY

 The methodology of the Intelligent Home Protection System is based on

continuous monitoring, automatic fault detection, and instant alert generation
using sensors, a microcontroller, and GSM communication technology. The
system is designed to detect dangerous situations such as fire and smoke
leakage inside a house and immediately take protective actions.

 Initially, the flame sensor and smoke sensor continuously monitor the
surrounding environment. These sensors are connected to the Arduino UNO
microcontroller, which acts as the central processing unit of the system. The
flame sensor detects the presence of fire, while the smoke sensor identifies
smoke or harmful gases in the environment.

 Whenever any abnormal condition is detected, the corresponding sensor

sends a signal to the Arduino UNO. The microcontroller analyses the received
signal and activates emergency protection mechanisms. The system
immediately turns OFF the relay module to disconnect the electrical load and
reduce the possibility of further damage or fire spread.

 At the same time, the warning LED and buzzer are activated to provide visual
and audible alerts. The LED and buzzer operate in blinking mode to attract
attention during emergency conditions.

 To provide remote notification, the Arduino communicates with the

SIM900A GSM module using serial communication. The GSM module sends
emergency SMS alerts to predefined mobile numbers and also makes
automatic phone calls to inform the users about the detected danger. This
allows homeowners to take immediate action even when they are away from
home.

 The system continues monitoring the environment in real time. Once the fire
or smoke condition is removed, the system returns to normal operation mode
and resets the alert functions automatically.

 Thus, the proposed methodology provides an efficient, low-cost, and

automated solution for improving residential safety through intelligent
monitoring and fast emergency response.

18
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

19
 CIRCUIT EXPLANATION
 The Intelligent Home Protection System is designed using Arduino UNO
as the main controller unit. The complete circuit consists of a flame sensor,
smoke sensor, SIM900A GSM module, 5v relay module, warning LED,
buzzer, and power supply connections. All components are connected
together to provide automatic fire and smoke detection with alert and
protection mechanisms.

 The flame sensor is connected to digital pin D2 of the Arduino UNO, while
the smoke sensor is connected to digital pin D3. Both sensors continuously
monitor the surrounding environment and send digital signals to the Arduino
whenever fire or smoke is detected. The sensors operate using a common 5V
power supply and common ground connection.

 The SIM900A GSM module is interfaced with the Arduino using

SoftwareSerial communication. The TX pin of the GSM module is connected
to Arduino pin D9, and the RX pin is connected to Arduino pin D10. The
GSM module is responsible for sending SMS alerts and making emergency
phone calls to predefined mobile numbers whenever dangerous conditions are
detected.

 The 5V relay module is connected to digital pin D6 of the Arduino. When

fire or smoke is detected, the Arduino turns OFF the relay to cut the power
supply and reduce the possibility of further damage or fire spread.

 The warning LED and buzzer are connected to digital pins D7 and D8
respectively. These components provide visual and audible alerts during
emergencies. The LED and buzzer blink continuously when danger is
detected, helping nearby people identify the emergency condition quickly.

 All VCC terminals of the sensors, GSM module, relay module, LED, and
buzzer are connected together in parallel to the 5V output of the Arduino
UNO. Similarly, all GND terminals are connected together to form a common
ground connection. This parallel power distribution method simplifies the
circuit and ensures stable operation of all components.

 Thus, the circuit works as an intelligent safety system capable of detecting

fire and smoke, disconnecting electrical loads, activating alarms, and sending
emergency notifications automatically.

20
PROJECT PHOTOGRAPHS

21
PROJECT PHOTOGRAPHS

22
 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

 The Intelligent Home Protection System has wide applications in

residential, commercial, and industrial safety systems. The project is mainly
designed to improve home security and reduce risks caused by fire accidents
and smoke hazards through automatic monitoring and emergency alert
mechanisms.

 One of the major applications of the system is in residential homes and

apartments. The system continuously monitors fire and smoke conditions and
immediately alerts homeowners through SMS and phone calls during
emergencies. This helps people take quick action and reduce damage to
property and human life.

 The project can also be used in offices, laboratories, and educational

institutions where electrical equipment and wiring systems are continuously
operated. Early detection of smoke or fire can help prevent major accidents
and improve workplace safety.

 Another important application is in shops, warehouses, and storage rooms

where flammable materials are stored. The automatic relay cut-off system
helps disconnect electrical power during dangerous conditions, reducing the
possibility of fire spreading further.

 The system can also be implemented in smart home automation systems. By

integrating GSM and sensor technologies, the project supports intelligent
monitoring and automated protection features required in modern smart
buildings.

 In industries and factories, the system can be used for basic fire monitoring
and emergency alert applications. Additional sensors and advanced
communication systems can further improve industrial safety management.

 The project is especially useful in areas where continuous human monitoring

is not possible. The automatic detection and remote alert features make the
system reliable, efficient, and suitable for modern safety applications.

 Overall, the Intelligent Home Protection System provides a low-cost,

practical, and effective solution for improving safety, reducing risks, and
supporting intelligent protection systems in various real-world applications.

23
 TESTING

 The power supply connections were checked before starting the system.

 The Arduino UNO was tested to ensure proper communication with all
sensors and modules.

 The flame sensor was tested by bringing a small flame near the sensor to
verify fire detection.

 The smoke sensor was tested using smoke to check smoke detection
capability.

 The SIM900A GSM module was tested for sending SMS alerts and making
emergency calls.

 The buzzer and LEDs were tested to confirm proper alert indication during
emergency conditions.

 The relay module was tested for proper switching operation.

 Complete system testing was carried out under different conditions to verify
overall performance.

24
 OBSERVATION
 The system successfully detected both fire and smoke conditions.

 Alert SMS messages were received on the registered mobile number through
the GSM module.

 Emergency phone calls were successfully made during critical conditions.

 The buzzer activated immediately during emergency situations.

 LEDs indicated the system status properly.

 The relay module responded correctly during switching operation.

 The system operated continuously with stable performance.

 The response time of the system was fast and reliable.

 The project worked effectively for smart home protection and safety
applications.

25
26
 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

1. Arduino UNO
 Use only recommended input voltage.
 Avoid short circuit between pins.
 Do not touch the board with wet hands.

2. SIM900A GSM Module

 Use stable power supply for proper operation.
 Insert SIM card carefully before powering ON.
 Connect TX and RX pins correctly.
 Keep antenna area free from metal objects.

4. Flame Sensor
 Do not place very close to large flames.
 Handle carefully to avoid sensor damage.
 Keep sensor surface clean.

5. 5V Relay Module
 Avoid touching relay terminals during operation.
 Use correct voltage supply only.
 Ensure proper insulation of high-voltage wires.

6. Buzzer
 Connect polarity correctly.
 Avoid supplying excess voltage.
 Mount properly to avoid loose connection.

7. LEDs
 Use suitable resistor with LEDs.
 Connect positive and negative terminals correctly.
 Avoid high voltage supply directly to LEDs.

8. Connecting Wires
 Use insulated wires only.
 Avoid loose or damaged wires.
 Check all connections before powering ON.

9. Power Supply/Battery
 Use correct voltage rating.
 Connect positive and negative terminals properly.
 Avoid overcharging the battery.
 Keep battery away from heat and water.

27
 ARDUINO PROGRAM
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SIM900A CONNECTION
SoftwareSerial gsm(9, 10); SIM900A TX -> Arduino pin 9
SIM900A RX -> Arduino pin 10
// ----------------------------------------------------
// PIN DEFINITIONS
// ----------------------------------------------------

const int flameSensor = 2; Flame sensor:

const int smokeSensor = 3; Out – Arduino pin D2
const int relayPin = 6; VCC – Arduino 5v
const int warningLED = 7; GND – Arduino Gnd
const int buzzer = 8;

// ----------------------------------------------------
// VARIABLES Smoke sensor:
// ---------------------------------------------------- Out – Arduino pin D3
VCC – Arduino 5v
bool smokeSMSSent = false; GND – Arduino Gnd
bool fireSMSSent = false;
bool fireCallDone = false;
bool smokeCallDone = false;
Smoke sensor:
unsigned long previousMillis = 0; Out – Arduino pin D3
VCC – Arduino 5v
bool blinkState = false; GND – Arduino Gnd
// ----------------------------------------------------
// SETUP
// ---------------------------------------------------- 5v Relay 1 channel module:
IN – Arduino pin D6
void setup() VCC – Arduino 5v
{ GND – Arduino Gnd
pinMode(flameSensor, INPUT);
pinMode(smokeSensor, INPUT);

pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT); Warning LED:

Positive – Arduino D7
pinMode(warningLED, OUTPUT); Negative – Arduino Gnd
pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH);

digitalWrite(warningLED, LOW); Buzzer:

digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW); Positive – Arduino D8
Negative – Arduino Gnd
[Link](9600);
[Link](9600);

[Link]("System Starting...");

28
 delay(3000);

[Link]("AT");
delay(1000);

[Link]("AT+CMGF=1");
delay(1000);

[Link]("System Ready");
}

// ----------------------------------------------------
// LOOP
// ----------------------------------------------------

void loop()
{
int flameState = digitalRead(flameSensor);
int smokeState = digitalRead(smokeSensor);

// ------------------------------------------------
// FIRE DETECTION
// ------------------------------------------------

if (flameState == LOW)
{
digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW);

blinkingEffect();

if (fireSMSSent == false)
{
[Link]("FIRE DETECTED!");

sendSMS("Fire Alert !!!! Flame has been detected.");

fireSMSSent = true;
}

// CALL SYSTEM
if (fireCallDone == false)
{
makeCall();

fireCallDone = true;
}
}
else
{
fireSMSSent = false;
fireCallDone = false;
}

// ------------------------------------------------

29
 // SMOKE DETECTION
// ------------------------------------------------

if (smokeState == LOW)
{
digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW);

blinkingEffect();

if (smokeSMSSent == false)
{
[Link]("SMOKE DETECTED!");

sendSMS("Smoke Alert !!!! Smoke has been detected.");

smokeSMSSent = true;
}

// CALL SYSTEM
if (smokeCallDone == false)
{
makeCall();

smokeCallDone = true;
}
}
else
{
smokeSMSSent = false;
smokeCallDone = false;
}

// ------------------------------------------------
// NORMAL CONDITION
// ------------------------------------------------

if (flameState == HIGH && smokeState == HIGH)

{
digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH);

digitalWrite(warningLED, LOW);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
}
}

// ----------------------------------------------------
// BLINKING EFFECT
// ----------------------------------------------------

void blinkingEffect()
{
unsigned long currentMillis = millis();

if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= 250)

30
 {
previousMillis = currentMillis;

blinkState = !blinkState;

digitalWrite(warningLED, blinkState);
digitalWrite(buzzer, blinkState);
}
}

// ----------------------------------------------------
// SEND SMS FUNCTION
// ----------------------------------------------------

void sendSMS(String message)

{
// ------------------------------------------------
// FIRST PERSON
// ------------------------------------------------

[Link]("SENDING SMS TO FIRST PERSON");

[Link]("AT+CMGF=1");

smartDelay(1000);

[Link]("AT+CMGS=\"+917854016387\"");

smartDelay(1000);

[Link](message);

smartDelay(1000);

[Link](26);

smartDelay(7000);

// ------------------------------------------------
// SECOND PERSON
// ------------------------------------------------

[Link]("SENDING SMS TO SECOND PERSON");

[Link]("AT+CMGF=1");

smartDelay(1000);

[Link]("AT+CMGS=\"+919861829692\"");

smartDelay(1000);

[Link](message);

31
 smartDelay(1000);

[Link](26);

smartDelay(7000);

// ------------------------------------------------

[Link]("SMS SENT TO BOTH PERSONS");

}

// ----------------------------------------------------
// SMART DELAY
// This keeps blinking active during SMS sending
// ----------------------------------------------------

void smartDelay(unsigned long ms)

{
unsigned long start = millis();

while (millis() - start < ms)

{
blinkingEffect();
}
}

void makeCall()
{
// ------------------------------------------------
// CLEAR PREVIOUS GSM OPERATIONS
// ------------------------------------------------

[Link]("ATH");

smartDelay(3000);

// ------------------------------------------------
// FIRST PERSON
// ------------------------------------------------

[Link]("CALLING FIRST PERSON");

[Link]("ATD+917854016387;");

smartDelay(20000);

[Link]("ATH");

smartDelay(5000);

// ------------------------------------------------
// SECOND PERSON
// ------------------------------------------------

32
 [Link]("CALLING SECOND PERSON");

[Link]("ATD+919861829692;");

smartDelay(20000);

[Link]("ATH");

smartDelay(5000);

// ------------------------------------------------

[Link]("CALL COMPLETED");
}

33
 CONCLUSION

1. 1. Effective Security Solution

The Intelligent Home Protection System is an effective solution for improving
home safety and protecting residents from multiple threats. The project
combines sensors, automation, and intelligent monitoring technologies to
detect dangerous conditions quickly and provide immediate alerts for better
emergency response and overall protection.

2. Importance of Automation
The project demonstrates the importance of automation in modern security
systems. Automated monitoring reduces human effort and improves
efficiency by performing continuous observation and response tasks
automatically. Intelligent technologies make homes safer, smarter, and more
reliable for everyday living environments and future developments.

3. Reduction of Risks and Damage

By providing early detection and fast warning systems, the project helps
reduce the risks associated with burglary, fire accidents, and gas leakage.
Immediate alerts allow users to take preventive actions quickly, minimizing
property damage, financial losses, injuries, and threats to human life.

4. Support for Smart Home Technology

The Intelligent Home Protection System supports the growth of smart home
technologies and intelligent living environments. The project shows how
electronic systems and communication technologies can work together to
improve convenience, safety, and efficiency in residential applications using
modern automation concepts.

5. Reliable and Future-Oriented Project

Overall, the project is reliable, practical, and suitable for future smart security
applications. The system can be upgraded with advanced technologies such
as AI, IoT, and cloud computing to provide even better performance. It offers
a strong foundation for developing intelligent and sustainable home
protection systems.

34
 REFERENCES

1. [Link]

2. [Link]

3. X. Cao, Y. Su, X. Geng and Y. Wang, "YOLO-SF: YOLO for Fire

Segmentation Detection," in IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 111079-111092, 2023,
doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3322143.

4. Paul, P. P., Islam, S., Arafat, A. A., & Muniruzzaman, M. (2019). Emergency
Fire Response System using Embedded System in Internet of Things (IoT).
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and
Instrumentation Engineering, 8(7), 1947-1954.
[Link]

5. J. -H. Cho, I. -B. Lee, W. -S. Jeong and B. -J. Lee, "A Study on the Fire
Detection and Smoke Removal in Underground Utility Tunnel Using CFD,"
in IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 104485-104504, 2023, doi:
10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3316881.

6. Z. Cheng et al., "Effective Navigation for an Emergency Response for

Firefighters with Wearable Haptic Displays Design," 2023 IEEE 6th
International Conference on Knowledge Innovation and Invention (ICKII),
Sapporo, Japan, 2023, pp. 46-49, doi: 10.1109/ICKII58656.2023.10332748.

7. S. V. Tresa Sangeetha et al., "IoT based Smart Sensing and Alarming System
with Autonomous Guiding Robots for Efficient Fire Emergency Evacuation,"
2021 2nd International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET),
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