VOCABULARY
Activity Type Examples of Activities
Presenting - Flashcards
- Word walls
- Picture dictionaries
- Realia (using real objects for instruction)
- Mind maps or concept maps
- Multimedia presentations (videos, slideshows)
- Interactive whiteboard presentations
- Vocabulary lists with images and example sentences
- Introducing new words within a story or context
- Using synonyms and antonyms to explain new words
- Vocabulary journals for personal word collection
Practice Controlled Practice
- Fill-in-the-blank exercises
- Sentence transformations
- Matching words to definitions
- Categorization tasks
- Pronunciation drills
- Word formation charts (e.g., noun to adjective)
- Crossword puzzles and word searches
- Bingo games with vocabulary words
- Dictation exercises focusing on spelling and meaning
- Gap-fill exercises with word banks
Semi-controlled Practice
- Sentence completion tasks
- Dialogue practice with sentence stems
- Role plays with specific language targets
- Cloze tests with some word options provided
- Information gap activities
- Sentence rewriting exercises, adding adjectives or adverbs
- Speed dating conversations with vocabulary prompts
- "Find someone who" activities with target vocabulary
- Dialogue completion with new words
Freer Practice
- Creative storytelling
- Group discussions using new vocabulary
- Debates or persuasive speeches
- Writing personal experiences using new words
- Interactive games like "Taboo" or "Charades" using new vocabulary
- Creative writing prompts using a set list of new words
- Vocabulary-based skits or role-plays
- Designing a survey or questionnaire using new terms
- Word creation games (e.g., creating new words from a set of letters)
- Hosting a vocabulary-themed treasure hunt
GRAMMAR
VOCABULARY
Category Method Description
Grammar Grammar The teacher explains the grammar concept,
Presentation Explanation rules, and usage.
Use of charts, diagrams, or visual aids to
Visual Aids illustrate the grammar point.
Examples and Providing clear examples and sentences that
Sentences demonstrate the grammar rule.
Incorporating the grammar point into a story
Storytelling or narrative.
Showing videos or clips with correct grammar
Video Clips usage for reinforcement.
Creating concept maps or diagrams to
Concept Mapping visualize the grammar structure.
Using mnemonic devices or memory aids for
Mnemonics remembering grammar rules.
Students create storyboards to depict the
Storyboards grammar concept.
Using songs or rhymes with correct grammar
Songs and Rhymes as examples.
Showing comparisons between correct and
Comparisons incorrect grammar usage.
Controlled Completing sentences with missing words or
Practice Fill in the Blanks phrases.
Multiple-choice questions related to the
Multiple Choice grammar concept.
Sentence
Completion Completing sentence fragments.
Grammar Using structured exercises from textbooks or
Exercises worksheets.
Matching sentence halves or related grammar
Matching items.
Jumbled Sentences Reordering mixed-up words in sentences.
Conducting quizzes or short tests for
Grammar Quizzes assessment.
Sentence
Scramble Rearranging words to form correct sentences.
Creating crossword puzzles with grammar-
Crossword Puzzles related clues.
Dictation Writing down sentences read aloud correctly.
Semi-Controlled Sentence
Practice Transformation Rewriting sentences using the grammar point.
Creating role-playing scenarios using the
Role Play grammar in context.
Sharing different information to complete
Information Gap sentences.
Guided Conversation prompts requiring the use of
Conversations grammar.
Information Sharing information or opinions using the
Sharing grammar.
Grammar
Dialogues Creating dialogues with gaps to fill in.
Picture Description Describing pictures using the target grammar.
Role Reversal Students explain the grammar to peers.
VOCABULARY
Category Method Description
Story Completion Finishing a story start using the grammar.
Writing stories or essays incorporating the
Freer Practice Creative Writing grammar.
Debates and Engaging in debates or discussions using the
Discussions grammar.
Preparing and delivering presentations with
Presentations the grammar.
Using the grammar in natural situations like
Real-life Situations ordering food.
Editing each other's writing for grammar
Peer Editing errors.
Language Games Playing grammar-related games.
Assigning debate topics requiring the use of
Debate Topics grammar.
Newspaper Analyzing and writing newspaper articles with
Articles the grammar.
Using real-world materials like brochures to
Realia practice.
Researching and presenting group projects
Group Projects with correct grammar.
Authentic Analyzing authentic materials like movie clips
Materials for grammar.
LISTENING
Stage Activity Description
Introducing the topic or context of the listening
Pre- material to activate students' background
listening Setting the Context knowledge.
Encouraging students to predict the content or
Predicting Content outcome of the listening material.
Teaching Key Introducing important words or phrases that will
Vocabulary appear in the listening material.
Clarifying the purpose of the listening activity to
Purpose Setting focus students' attention.
Pre-teaching Difficult Explaining concepts or cultural references that
Concepts might be challenging.
Creating a mind map related to the topic to
Mind Mapping organize thoughts and expectations.
While- Encouraging students to understand the overall
listening Listening for Gist meaning or main ideas.
Listening for Specific Focusing on identifying specific details or facts
Information mentioned.
Note-taking Writing down key points or details while listening.
Completing sentences or summaries with words
Filling in the Blanks heard in the audio.
True/False or Multiple Answering true/false or multiple-choice questions
Choice based on the listening.
Pausing the audio periodically for students to
Pausing and Predicting predict what comes next.
Understanding implied meanings or reading
Listening for Inference between the lines.
VOCABULARY
Stage Activity Description
Post- Summarizing the main points or the story of the
listening Summarizing listening material.
Discussing and Engaging in discussions about the content, theme,
Reflecting or opinions.
Acting out scenes or dialogues from the listening
Role Playing material.
Answering
Comprehension Responding to questions that test understanding
Questions of the material.
Connecting to Personal Relating the content of the listening material to
Experiences personal experiences.
Creating a story, drawing, or other creative work
Creative Response based on the listening.
Critical Thinking and Analyzing the material for its deeper meaning,
Analysis bias, or purpose.
Encouraging further research on the topic or
Follow-up Research related themes.
Discussing how the content can be applied in real-
Applying to Real Life life situations.
READING
Stage Activity Description
Pre- Background Introduce the topic to tap into students' prior
listening Knowledge Activation knowledge and build interest.
Vocabulary Teach key vocabulary words that will appear in the
Introduction listening material to help comprehension.
Pose questions about the topic to stimulate
Predictive Questions students' curiosity and predictions.
Explain what students should listen for, setting
Setting the Purpose clear goals for the listening activity.
Use images or videos related to the listening
Visual Aids material to provide context.
While- Main Idea Instruct students to identify the main idea or gist
listening Identification of what they hear.
Specific Information
Gathering Ask students to listen for specific details or facts.
Encourage students to jot down key points or
Note Taking interesting information as they listen.
Pausing for Periodically pause the audio to ask comprehension
Comprehension questions or clarify difficult points.
Have students arrange story elements or
Sequential Ordering information in the order they hear them.
Post- Ask students to summarize the listening material
listening Summary Creation in their own words.
Discussion and Facilitate a group discussion about the content,
Reflection opinions, or themes presented.
Application Questions Pose questions that relate the listening material to
VOCABULARY
Stage Activity Description
the students' own experiences or opinions.
Role-Playing Have students act out scenes or dialogues from
the listening material.
Extension Activities Assign activities like research projects, essays, or
presentations related to the listening topic.
READING
Stage Activity Description
Pre- Introduce the topic or background of the reading
reading Setting the Context material to activate students' prior knowledge.
Encourage students to predict the content or
Predicting outcome based on the title, headings, or images.
Pre-teach key vocabulary that will appear in the
Vocabulary Preview reading material to aid comprehension.
Clarify the purpose of the reading activity to
Purpose Setting focus students' attention.
KWL Charts (Know, Want Use KWL charts to organize what students know
to Know, Learned) and want to find out.
Skimming for an Instruct students to skim the text to get a general
Overview idea of its content.
While- Scanning for Specific Guide students to scan the text for specific
reading Information details or answers.
Guided Reading Provide questions that students should keep in
Questions mind while reading.
Encourage students to annotate the text with
Annotating Text notes, questions, or comments.
Have students create mental images of what
Visualization they are reading to aid comprehension.
Guide students to read between the lines and
Making Inferences make inferences about the text.
Summarize each paragraph or section to
Summarizing Paragraphs understand and retain information.
Post- Discussion and Facilitate group discussions about the text, its
reading Reflection themes, and messages.
Writing a Summary or Have students write a summary or a reflective
Reflection piece about what they read.
Connecting to Personal Relate the content of the reading to students'
Experiences personal experiences or real-life situations.
Analysis and Critical Encourage analysis of themes, characters, and
Thinking ideas presented in the text.
Assign creative projects like drawing,
Creative Response dramatizing, or writing based on the reading.
Research and Further Encourage further research or reading on topics
Reading related to the text.