Chapter 2
Conserve – To save or use something carefully so it does not get wasted.
Dissolving – When a substance mixes completely into a liquid to form a solution (like sugar
in water).
Opaque – A material that does not let light pass through it. You cannot see through it.
Solute – The substance that is being dissolved in a solution (for example, salt in salt water).
Solvent – The liquid that dissolves the solute (for example, water in salt water).
Transparent – A material that lets light pass through it clearly. You can see through it easily.
Control variables – The factors in an experiment that are kept the same to make sure the test
is fair.
Dependent variable – The variable you measure in an experiment. It changes because of the
independent variable.
Independent variable – The variable you change in an experiment to see what happens.
Intervals – The fixed amounts or steps between measurements (for example, measuring
temperature every 5°C).
Range – The difference between the lowest and highest values in a set of results.
Variables – The factors that can change in an experiment.
Concentrated – A solution that contains a large amount of solute compared to the solvent.
Dilute – A solution that contains a small amount of solute compared to the solvent.
Insoluble – A substance that does not dissolve in a liquid.
Saturated – A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute at a certain temperature.
Solubility – The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a certain amount of solvent
at a given temperature.
Soluble – A substance that can dissolve in a liquid.
Solvent is a substance that is dissolved in a solution. The amount of solvent in a fluid solution is
greater than the amount of solute.
Definition, a solute is a substance that can be dissolved into a solution by a solvent. Solutes can be in
form of a gas, a liquid or a solid.
And the solvent or the material that dissolves solutes separates the molecules of the solute and
distributes them evenly.
Then the definition of solvent. The part of a solution that is present in the greatest amount is called
the solvent. It is the liquid that the solute is dissolved in. Water is the most powerful solvent
amongst all. It is also known as a universal solvent because it can dissolve almost any material better
than any other liquid. Because of its polarity, water is an excellent solvent.
Definition of solution. A solution is a mixture of two or more substances that is homogeneous. It is
made up of two components, a solute and a solvent. For example, saline or salt is the solute
dissolved in water as a solvent in a saline solution. So it's basically saline solution is equal to salt plus
water.
The second point, all solutions are [Link] doesn't mean colorless. Example,
copper sulfate is blue in color
. Milk is not transparent and milk is not a solution.
Then we have the mass of solute plus mass of solvent is equal to mass of solution. No mass has
been lost, the mass has been conserved.
Homogeneous solution: A mixture in which its constituents are uniformly distributed throughout its
volume and cannot be recognized separately is called a homogeneous solution. Example, salt
solution, milk, honey, fruit juice, butter, medicines, ice cream.
Heterogeneous mixtures: A mixture in which the components or the constituents are not uniformly
distributed throughout its volume and can be easily recognized separately is called a heterogeneous
mixture. For example, soil, water and petrol, sand, ice, rice and lentils.
Concentrated solution: A concentrated solution contains a large amount of solute relative to the
amount of solvent. Saturated solution. The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a
solvent at a given temperature. For example, adding sugar to tea till no more sugar can be added.
Solubility: It is the ability of a substance that is the solute to dissolve in a solvent at a given
temperature and pressure.
Dilute solution. It contains a small amount of solute.