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Week 1

The document discusses the historical and scientific aspects of vaccines, starting with Edward Jenner's experiment in 1796 to combat smallpox. It explains how vaccines train the body's immune system to recognize and fight infections, detailing different types of vaccines and their effectiveness. The document also highlights ongoing research into advanced methods like DNA vaccines that could potentially treat severe diseases such as HIV.

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rosyle2011
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3 views2 pages

Week 1

The document discusses the historical and scientific aspects of vaccines, starting with Edward Jenner's experiment in 1796 to combat smallpox. It explains how vaccines train the body's immune system to recognize and fight infections, detailing different types of vaccines and their effectiveness. The document also highlights ongoing research into advanced methods like DNA vaccines that could potentially treat severe diseases such as HIV.

Uploaded by

rosyle2011
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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v=rb7TVW77ZCs
The Basic Science of How Vaccines Protect Us
Listen to the audio text and fill in each blank from (1) to (10) with NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS.
In 1796, Edward Jenner successfully performed a historic medical experiment by
exposing a young child to a mild virus in order to build resistance against the deadly
(1) ____________________. To look at the science behind this success, we must
examine how our body naturally fights off dangerous infections. When dangerous
germs invade us, common symptoms like coughing and fever are actually clear signs
that our internal defenses are actively trying to eliminate the threat. These initial
reactions also trigger our second, more advanced line of defense known as (2)
____________________ . Here, specialized cells fight the invaders and store crucial
data about their appearance. However, waiting for this natural learning process
involves a serious risk if a patient's body is too (3) ____________________ to fight
back.
Vaccines eliminate this danger by safely training our defenses before we actually
catch an illness. Today, scientists have designed several different options. The first
type uses a living but much (4) ____________________of the germ to spark our
defenses. On the other hand, (5) ____________________ contain germs that have
been completely killed. While both methods successfully teach our body to recognize
future dangers, the live versions are unsafe for vulnerable patients, whereas the dead
ones fail to provide (6) ____________________ .
To solve these problems, a specialized option known as the (7)
____________________ uses only a specific piece of the germ, which is the exact
ingredient that triggers our defense network. By isolating tiny individual components
like (8) ____________________, these treatments can create highly targeted
protection. Currently, researchers are working on a revolutionary approach called (9)
____________________ . This advanced method delivers the specific genetic codes
directly to our cells, instructing our own bodies to manufacture the defense targets. In
the coming years, continuing this scientific progress might finally allow medical
professionals to successfully treat devastating conditions like (10)
____________________ , malaria, or Ebola.
ĐÁP ÁN

(1) smallpox virus


(2) adaptive immunity
(3) weak or young
(4) weaker and tamer version
(5) inactive vaccines
(6) long-lasting immunity
(7) subunit vaccine
(8) proteins ( or polysaccharides)
(9) DNA vaccines
(10) HIV

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