UNIT-2
MEANING OF HUMAN VALUES
Human values are the important moral principles that guide how we behave with others
and live our life
They guide how we think, speak, and behave with others in society. These values are not
about laws or rules, but about doing what is right from the [Link] help us respect
others, stay honest, help people in need, and live peacefully. These values are taught by
family, teachers, religion, and experiences in life.
Key Features of Human Values:
They are universal – followed in all cultures and religions
They help create love, peace, and unity in society
They form the foundation of good character
They guide us in making right decisions, even in difficult times
Formation of Values
Formation of values means how a person learns and develops good qualities like honesty,
kindness, respect, and responsibility.
These values are not born with us — we learn them slowly from people around us and from
our life experiences.
How Are Values Formed?
1. Family
Our first values come from our parents and elders. They teach us to speak the truth,
respect others, and help people.
2. School and Teachers
Teachers help us understand right and wrong through education, discipline, and
stories.
3. Friends and Society
We also learn values like sharing, cooperation, and fairness from friends and social
groups.
4. Religion and Culture
Religious teachings and cultural traditions guide us to be honest, kind, and helpful.
5. Personal Experiences
What we see and face in life also shapes our values — for example, helping someone
in need can teach us compassion.
6. Media and Books
Movies, news, books, and social media can also influence our thinking and values,
both positively and negatively.
TYPES OF VALUES
Meaning of Social Values
Social values are the good habits and behaviours that help us live together peacefully in
society.
They teach us to respect others, be honest, help people, and follow rules so that everyone
can live happily and safely.
Features of Social Values:
1. Promote Peace and Unity
They help people live without fighting or hurting each other.
2. Build Strong Relationships
Values like trust and kindness help in making good friends and strong family
bonds.
3. Support Equality and Justice
Social values help in treating everyone fairly, without any discrimination.
4. Create a Positive Society
When everyone follows social values, the society becomes safe, respectful, and
happy for all.
Examples of Social Values:
• Honesty , Respect , Kindness , Helping others , Justice
Meaning of Aesthetic Values
Aesthetic values are the values that help us appreciate beauty, art, nature, and creativity.
They make us enjoy things that look or feel nice, like a beautiful painting, music, clean
surroundings, or a sunset.
Features of Aesthetic Values:
1. Appreciation of Beauty
They help us see and enjoy beauty in art, nature, design, and people.
2. Encourage Creativity
Aesthetic values inspire people to be creative and express themselves through
drawing, music, dance, etc.
3. Improve Surroundings
These values make us keep our surroundings clean, neat, and attractive.
4. Give Joy and Satisfaction
Enjoying beautiful things gives us peace, happiness, and a good feeling inside.
5. Connect Emotions with Art
Aesthetic values help us feel emotions through art, like feeling calm while listening
to music or happy while seeing a colourful painting.
Examples of Aesthetic Values:
Love for nature , Neatness and cleanliness , Art appreciation , Musical sense
Meaning of Organisational Values
Organisational values are the rules and principles that guide how people should behave
and work in a company or workplace.
These values help create a positive, honest, and respectful work environment, where
everyone works together to achieve goals.
Features of Organisational Values:
1. Build a Good Work Culture
These values help in making the workplace friendly, professional, and respectful.
2. Guide Employee Behaviour
They teach employees how to act responsibly, honestly, and respectfully at work.
3. Encourage Teamwork
Organisational values promote cooperation and unity among workers.
4. Improve Performance
When everyone follows values, it leads to better results and success for the
company.
Examples of Organisational Values:
Punctuality , Honesty , Teamwork , Discipline , Responsibility , Loyalty
Here’s the meaning of spiritual values along with their features in easy language:
Meaning of Spiritual Values
Spiritual values are the values that help us connect with our inner self, find peace, and
live a meaningful life.
They guide us to be kind, honest, forgiving, and calm, and help us understand the purpose
of life beyond just money or success.
Features of Spiritual Values:
1. Inner Peace and Calmness
Spiritual values help us stay peaceful and stress-free, even during tough times.
2. Help in Self-Realisation
They make us think deeply about who we are and what is the purpose of life.
3. Develop Positive Thinking
People with strong spiritual values usually have a positive and hopeful attitude.
4. Respect for All Living Beings
Spiritual values teach us to respect all forms of life and treat everyone equally.
Examples of Spiritual Values:
Faith in God , Forgiveness, Honesty , Humility , Non-violence
Sure! Here's the meaning of Wisdom-Based Management in easy language:
Meaning of Wisdom-Based Management (Easy Language)
Wisdom-based management means managing a company or team using not just knowledge
and skills, but also experience, values, and good judgment.
It focuses on doing what is right, fair, and good for everyone – not just what is profitable.
In simple words:
It means taking smart and thoughtful decisions that are good for the business, employees,
customers, and society – all at the same time.
Key Points:
• Uses experience + knowledge + ethics to lead
• Focuses on long-term success, not just quick profits
• Builds a positive and meaningful work culture
Here are the features of Wisdom-Based Management in easy language:
Features of Wisdom-Based Management:
2. Focus on Long-Term Good
Instead of just thinking about quick profits, it focuses on what is good in the long
run for the company and society.
3. People-Centered Approach
It cares about the well-being of employees, customers, and the environment, not
just money.
5. Promotes Peaceful and Positive Work Culture
It creates a calm, respectful, and supportive environment where everyone can
grow.
6. Helps in Better Decision-Making
Decisions are made not just with logic, but also with empathy, patience, and
understanding.
7. Builds Trust and Respect
It helps the company gain trust from employees, customers, and society by being
fair and responsible.
types of Wisdom-Based Management
1. Personal Wisdom Management:
A leader uses their own experience, values, and good judgment to guide decisions and
actions.
2. Ethical Wisdom Management:
Focuses on always doing the right and fair thing, even when it’s hard.
3. Emotional Wisdom Management:
Manages with kindness and understanding of others’ feelings to build good
relationships.
4. Strategic Wisdom Management:
Makes smart long-term plans that help the company and everyone connected to it.
5. Spiritual Wisdom Management:
Leads with peace, purpose, and mindfulness, not just focusing on profits.
Challenges of Strategic Wisdom Management
1. Balancing Short-Term and Long-Term Goals
Sometimes it’s hard to focus on long-term success when there’s pressure for quick
profits.
2. Uncertain Future
Making plans for the future is difficult because markets and situations can change
suddenly.
3. Resistance to Change
Employees or managers may resist new strategies, especially if they are used to old
ways.
4. Complex Decision-Making
Thinking about all the effects of a decision (on people, money, environment) can be
complicated.
5. Lack of Information
Sometimes, leaders don’t have all the facts or experience needed to make wise
strategic choices.
Value Crisis
A value crisis means a situation where people forget or stop following good values like
honesty, respect, kindness, and responsibility.
It happens when people start doing wrong things like lying, cheating, or being selfish—just
to get money, power, or success
In One Line:
Value crisis is when people stop caring about what is right or wrong and only think about
their own benefit.
Characteristics of Value Crisis
1. Loss of Moral Values
People stop caring about honesty, respect, and kindness.
2. Selfish Behaviour
Everyone starts thinking only about their own benefit, not about others.
3. Increase in Wrong Actions
Lying, cheating, corruption, and unfair practices become more common.
4. Confusion About Right and Wrong
People are unsure about what is correct or ethical in different situations.
5. Lack of Role Models
There are fewer people who inspire others to follow good values.
Types of Value Crisis:
1. Individual Value Crisis
When a person feels confused or lost about what is right or wrong in their life or
decisions.
2. Family Value Crisis
When family members stop respecting, trusting, or supporting each other, and
family values break down.
3. Social Value Crisis
When people in society start doing things like cheating, lying, or ignoring social
duties.
4. Political Value Crisis
When politicians or leaders show corruption, dishonesty, and misuse of power.
5. Economic Value Crisis
When business and money-making become more important than ethics, fairness, or
human rights.
Meaning of Socialization
Socialization means learning how to behave and live in society.
It is the process where a person learns rules, values, customs, language, and how to
interact with others.
In One Line:
Socialization is how we learn to live, talk, and behave properly with others in our society.
Simple Example:
When a child learns to say “thank you,” respect elders, or follow school rules – that is
socialization.
Sure! Here's the meaning of Karma in easy language:
Meaning of Karma
Karma means that whatever you do – good or bad – will come back to you in the future.
It is the law of cause and effect: your actions decide what happens to you.
If you do good things, you will get good results.
If you do wrong things, you will face negative results later.
In One Line:
Karma means “you get what you give.”
Characteristics of Karma
1. Cause and Effect
Every action (good or bad) leads to a result. What you do today will affect your
future.
2. Personal Responsibility
You are responsible for your actions. What happens to you depends on what you do.
3. Universal Law
Karma applies to everyone – no matter who you are, your actions matter.
4. Can Be Good or Bad
If you do good things, you get good karma. If you do wrong things, you get bad
karma.
5. May Take Time
Karma doesn’t always show results immediately. Sometimes it takes time, but it
always works
TYPES OF KARMA
Karma Yoga
Karma Yoga means doing your work or duty honestly, without thinking about
rewards or results.
It teaches that you should focus on doing the right thing, and not worry about
success or failure. This helps keep the mind peaceful and free from stress.
In One Line:
Karma Yoga is the yoga of action — doing your work sincerely, without expecting
anything in return.
Simple Example:
A teacher teaches with full dedication, not for awards or praise, but because it’s their
duty — this is Karma Yoga.
Nishkam Yoga
Nishkam Yoga means doing your duty without any selfish desire for the result.
You work honestly, but you don’t expect rewards, praise, or success in return.
It comes from Bhagavad Gita, where Lord Krishna says:
“Do your karma (duty), but don’t be attached to the outcome.”
In One Line:
Nishkam Yoga means selfless action — doing good work without expecting anything
back.
Simple Example:
If you help someone just because it’s the right thing to do—not for thanks or a favor later—
that is Nishkam Yoga.
Sure! Here's the meaning of Sakam Karma in very easy language:
Sakam Karma (Easy Language)
Sakam Karma means doing an action with a selfish desire or expectation of reward.
You do something because you want a specific result like money, fame, success, or praise.
In One Line:
Sakam Karma is selfish action — when you do something to get something in return.
Simple Example:
Helping someone just so they will help you later — that is Sakam Karma.