Arithmetic and Percentage: A 10-Page
Workbook
Original educational resource for students and self-study
Page 1: Number Basics
Arithmetic includes operations with whole numbers, fractions, decimals, ratios, and percentages. Careful
calculation and estimation are essential for checking answers.
Study tip: Read the example, write the key formula, and solve one similar problem yourself.
Page 2: Fractions
To add fractions, use a common denominator. To multiply fractions, multiply numerators and
denominators. To divide by a fraction, multiply by its reciprocal.
Study tip: Read the example, write the key formula, and solve one similar problem yourself.
Page 3: Decimals
When adding or subtracting decimals, align decimal points. When multiplying, multiply as whole numbers
first and then place the decimal according to the total number of decimal places.
Study tip: Read the example, write the key formula, and solve one similar problem yourself.
Page 4: Percentages
A percentage means a part out of 100. The formula is percentage = part/whole × 100. To find 25% of
360, calculate 0.25 × 360 = 90.
Study tip: Read the example, write the key formula, and solve one similar problem yourself.
Page 5: Ratio
A ratio compares quantities. The ratio 2:3 means two parts for every three parts. Ratios can be simplified
by dividing both terms by their common factor.
Study tip: Read the example, write the key formula, and solve one similar problem yourself.
Page 6: Profit and Loss
Profit equals selling price minus cost price. Loss equals cost price minus selling price. Profit percentage
is profit divided by cost price, multiplied by 100.
Study tip: Read the example, write the key formula, and solve one similar problem yourself.
Page 7: Discount
Discount is a reduction from the marked price. Sale price equals marked price minus discount. A 10%
discount on ■800 is ■80, so the sale price is ■720.
Study tip: Read the example, write the key formula, and solve one similar problem yourself.
Page 8: Simple Interest
Simple interest can be calculated using SI = PRT/100, where P is principal, R is annual rate, and T is
time in years.
Study tip: Read the example, write the key formula, and solve one similar problem yourself.
Page 9: Practice and Answers
Questions: Find 25% of 360; simplify 24:36; find profit percentage when cost is ■800 and selling price is
■920; find 20% of ■500. Answers: 90; 2:3; 15%; ■100.
End of guide — use the practice section to review the topic.