METHOD STATEMENT

FOR

TENDER NO. KeNHA/R9/175/2026 PERFORMANCE BASED

CONTRACT FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF UKUNDA – LUNGA
LUNGA (A7) ROAD.
 Contents

1. General Information
2. Reference
3. General Construction Layout
4. Construction Method Statement
4.1 Setting out and Tolerances
4.2 Site Clearance
4.3 Earthworks
4.4 Excavation and Filling for Structures
4.5 Culvert and Drainage Works
4.6 Passage of Traffic
4.7 Paved Roads-Shoulder Maintenance and Repairs
4.8 Natural Material Base and Sub Base
4.9 Cement and Lime Treated Subgrade, Sub-base & Base
4.10 Bitumen Works
4.11 Bituminous Mixes
4.12 Road Furniture Repair and Maintenance
4.13 Performance Maintenance
5. Quality Control of Works
5.1 Quality of Works
5.2 Quality Control of Works
6. Safety of Works
6.1 Establishment of Safety Organization
6.2 Safety Organization Requirements
6.3 Safety Management of Transportation, Mechanical Operation.
7. Protection of the Environment
7.1 Water Quality
7.2 Air Quality
7.3 Noise
7.4 Control of Wastes
 1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION
The Road is in Kwale County. The road starts at Ukunda and runs in south westerly direction to end at
Lunga Lunga Kenya – Tanzania border, approximately 76 Km long.
The Road has the following major physical features.
a) Paved main road with distance of 76 Km, single carriageway. Average carriage way width of 9m
(single carriageway).
b) The road begins at Ukunda town and ends at Lunga Lunga
c) Drainage system includes side drains, cross and access culverts.
d) The major structures include River Ramisi and Perani Bridges..

103 EXTENTS OF CONTRACT

The major scope of the instructed works comprises the following but not limited to;
The major scope of the instructed works comprises the following but not limited to;
• General: Office Administration and Overheads

• Gabion protection works as directed by the Engineer

• Installation of culverts and related drainage works

• Pothole patching and overlay/regulation using Superpave asphalt Type 1 on selected sections

• Shoulder maintenance and repair works

• Provision of Road Furniture and Road Marking

• Performance based maintenance of the carriageway, road reserve and structures to the required
service level

• Any other works as may be instructed by the Engineer

2.0 Reference
▪ Standard specifications – Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 1986 Edition.
▪ The Standard Road Maintenance Manual
▪ The Special Specifications.
3.0 General Construction Layout
3.1 Facility Layout
With the approval of the Engineer/Employer, the Engineer’s Facilities (Office, Material Testing
Laboratory, and Housing Accommodation) to be provided and located at an appropriate area.

3.2 Water Use

The water from approved sources will be used for the construction purpose.
3.3 Electricity Supply
Connection of KPLC power line to the Project Management Offices will be ensured before
commencement of construction works. In order to ensure sustainability of site construction, the
generator sets will be put in place at the Project Management Offices.
 3.4 Communication
Key personnel will be provided with cell phones and internet modem to facilitate the internal and
external communication.
4.0 Construction Method Statement
The construction works will be carried out in compliance with the Technical Specifications and Engineer’s
instructions.
4.1 Setting Out and Tolerances
The traverse points to be used for the setting out will be located such as they are not so close to the existing
carriageway and interfere with construction works. The co-ordinates and heights of all traverse points so
located shall be listed and provided to the Engineer for checking and/or approval. At every 200m along
straight, a new centerline will be marked using pin in concrete beacon. This will be applied to all important
points along curves as well.
The road reserve boundary posts shall have 12mm diameter steel pins embedded in concrete, 200mm long
with 25mm exposed to the air, sticking out form its top surface. This pin shall be coordinated and heighted
and result of the same shall be provided to the Engineer for approval.
Permission to commence permanent works will be sought after having collected basic survey data for at
least 2km of the road.
Reference pegs shall be 50mm by 50mm in section 600mm long driven 400mm firmly into ground and
paint white above the ground. The offset from centerline shall be indicated by small nail 20mm to 25mm
long with its head driven flush with the top of the peg.
We will clearly indicate chainages, offset and reference elevation to the sides of the peg to the satisfaction
of the Engineer. After cutting of benches and prior to commencement of earthworks or subgrade works, we
will take cross-sections again and submit the copy of the same to Engineer for agreement. These cross-
sections shall then be used as basis of measurement for all subsequent layers, unless otherwise stated.
4.2 Site Clearance
The activity will commence, first by stripping the top 200mm deep top soil existing in drains, drainage
channels and accesses.
With the direction and instruction of the Engineer, at the designated areas, the motor graders and
excavators will be used to clear, remove, and dispose all vegetation, silt and grubbing roots, down timber
and other unacceptable materials.
▪ Large trees and stumps within construction area is cut down by hand and then be transported and
stockpiled at designated place directed by the Engineer.
Small vegetation, timber piles, roots, and silt are curved by excavators and then transported to the spoil area
directed by the Engineer. The clearing and grubbing, unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer, include
also the removal of all roots, stumps, untidy vegetation, rubbish, garbage and to the extent that these
materials are not, in the opinion of the Engineer, obstruct the future maintenance. All unsuitable materials
are wasted and re-spread at designated locations in a neat and orderly way as agreed by the Engineer.

4.3 Earthworks
4.3.1 Roadway Excavation
This comprises benching of the existing pavement to accommodate earthworks subgrade or sub base for
widening of the road. Excavation in the pavement of the existing road shall be kept dry.
 Ingress of water to the underlying layers during construction will be prevented as much as possible, In the
event of water penetrating the underlying layer, construction of the subsequent layers shall be postponed
until the underlying layers are dry enough to accommodate the construction plant without deforming or
otherwise showing distress.
Step construction shall be carried out per layer at the joint where excavation is both vertical and
perpendicular to the direction of the travel. The step shall be 500mm perpendicular to the direction of the
travel and 150mm vertical unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer.
Compaction shall be such that specified density is achieved.
The works shall be composed of normal excavation in soft and hard materials, and excavation of
bituminous materials at failed road sections. Roadway excavation includes the removal, hauling and proper
utilization, or disposal of all excavated materials, the shaping of excavation and the preparation of exposed
surfaces of excavation on the entire length of roadway. The survey team marks all excavated locations,
lines, level, grades, dimensions, and cross section, which is shown on the Drawings and as directed by the
Engineer.
4.3.2 Drain Excavation
The work consists of excavation for drains on both sides of the carriageway, where shown on the
Drawings, or specified in the Special Provision, or directed by the Engineer. The work includes the proper
utilization and hauling or disposal of all excavated materials, constructing, shaping and finishing all
earthworks involved in conformity with the required alignment, levels, grades and cross sections.
Based on the Drawing, the Surveyor will set out the level line and measure the original ground elevation,
then figure out the excavation depth according to the designed bottom elevation, and then mark it up
with stakes. During the construction, the channel is kept drained as far as practicable and the work is
constructed in a neat and workmanlike manner. The unsuitable materials are transported to the spoil
area, while the materials that could be used for sub-grade filling or slope block sodding and formation of
embankments are stocked together nearby. The channel sidelines are trimmed manually to ensure lines
are smooth and fluent.
4.3.3 Embankment
This work consists of the construction of embankment by furnishing, placing, compacting and shaping
suitable material of acceptable quality obtained from approved sources in according with the
Specification, and to the lines, levels, grades, dimensions, and cross section shown on the Drawings and
as required by the Engineer.
The embankment filling materials are tested in accordance with the Specification to determine the
appropriate materials prior to execution. Not until approved by the Engineer, the filling shall not be
started.
Natural ground situated less than 1.5 m below the design surface of the road or side slopes, after proper
clearing and grubbing or scarifying of existing road surface, are compacted to a depth of 150 mm, to 100
% of the maximum dry density of the material as determined by AASHTO test method T.99. If unsuitable
materials occur in some areas under embankment or in existing embankment, such materials are
removed to levels as directed by the Engineer, the bottom of the excavation is compacted, and areas
backfilled and compacted layer by layer with suitable material.
4.4 Excavation and Filling for structure
4.4.1 Excavation
All excavated surfaces in material other than hard material, on which foundations for structures shall be
placed, shall be compacted to 100% MDD (AASHTO T.99) immediately before structures are constructed.
4.4.2 Filling for structures
Unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer, all backfilling material shall be compacted to a minimum of
100% MDD (AASHTO T.99).
 4.5 Culvert and Drainage Works
4.5.1 Description
This work comprises the installation of drainage works and reinstatement and improvement of the same.
It also covers extension of existing pipe culverts to be compatible with increased road width or access and
de-silting and cleaning of existing pipes and outfall drains to make them free flowing.
The blockage of debris and silts in existing drainage system and proposed solution method are submitted to
the Engineer in accordance with site condition. Not until the approval of the Engineer, the works of dredging
are not executed. As for the drainage pipes, it is suggested that they be jetted with high-pressure water for
pipes of smaller diameter. Where possible to access especially larger pipes, use manual laborers to scrap
and remove the silt before jetting water at high pressure.
Blocked or collapsed existing Pipe Culverts will be excavated and removed, including concrete surround,
bedding, inlet and outlet structure.
Widen the void left after removal of culvert pipes as necessary to accommodate new concrete bedding, pipe
and haunching.
4.5.2 Excavation for culverts and drainage structures
After setting out, excavate using excavator/backhoe for soft material or excavator fitted with a breaker for
hard material, to lines, levels, inclinations and dimensions shown on the drawings or as instructed by the
Engineer.
4.5.3 Bedding and Laying of Pipe Culverts
Concrete pipes shall be laid on a 150mm thick concrete bed of class 15/20 and the pipes shall be bedded
on 1:3 cement: sand mortar at least 50mm thick, 150mm wide and extending the full length of the barrel.
4.5.4 Jointing of Concrete Pipes
The concrete pipes for the culverts shall have ogee joints and will be jointed by 1:2 cement: sand morta r
and provided with fillets on the outside as described in clause 810 of the Standard Specification.

Backfilling will be as clause 812 of Standard Specifications.

4.5.5 Blinding concrete
Leveling concrete/bed blinding concrete shall be class 15/20, with design compressive strength of
15N/mm2 after 28 days, with slump of 80mm. After excavation for structures, preparation of bed of stone
boulders will be done, leveled and compacted. A layer of blinding lean concrete is then cast normally
50mm thick or as may be directed by the Engineer. This must be done in conformity with the lines, grades,
thickness and typical cross-sections shown on the drawings.
4.5.6 Formwork for culvert walls
The work consists of all temporary moulds for forming the concrete for culvert walls and slabs together
with all temporary construction required for their support. Marine boards or such other steel plate shutters
will be used, supported on 4’’x2’’ timber lattice designed in such a manner to ensure enough strength to
carry the concrete load imposed. The complete formwork assembly should conform to the shape, lines and
dimensions shown on the Drawings and be free from holes, loose material, knots, cracks, splits and warps
or other defects affecting the strength or appearance of the finished structure. For ease of formwork
striking, use release agents such as neat oils containing a surface activating agent, cream emulsions, or
chemical agents to be approved by the Engineer.

4.5.7 Concrete class for culvert walls and slabs

Class 20/20 concrete will be used for culvert walls and slabs. Cement shall be of Portland type and shall conform
to the requirements of BS 12 or equivalent, stored in the contractor’s store for a period not exceeding 2 months.
Fine and coarse aggregates must be clean, hard, strong and durable, and free from absorbed chemicals, clay
coating, or materials in amounts that could affect hydration, bonding, strength and durability of concrete. All
sources of water to be used with cement shall be approved by the Engineer. Water shall be free from injurious
quantities of oil, alkali, vegetable matter and salt as determined by the Engineer.
Only admixture, which have been tested and approved in the site laboratory through trial mixing for design
proportion shall be used. We will use a mobile concrete mixer or stationary drum mixer for mixing the concrete
which is then pumped into the clean formwork and vibrated by poker vibrator. Concrete will be mixed using
mobile concrete mixer with the slump checked and approved at an accuracy of +25mm against designated slump
in these specifications. Concrete in hot weather is discouraged/not acceptable especially when the ambient air
temperature is expected to exceed thirty-three degrees Celsius (330 c) during placement operations). Concreting
at night No concrete shall be mixed, placed or finished when natural light is insufficient, unless an adequate
approved artificial lighting system is operated, such night work is subject to approval by the engineer. In
preparation of the placing of concrete, the interior space of forms shall be cleaned and approved by the engineer
prior to placing concrete. All temporary members except tie bars to support forms shall be removed entirely
from the forms and not buried in the concrete. Concrete pump will be used for concrete placing. The Contractor
shall provide a sufficient number of vibrators to properly compact each batch immediately after it is placed in
the forms. Concrete will be cured for 28 days, keeping the exposed surface away from direct sunlight by using
wet gunny sacks/artesian cloth or sand.
4.5.8 Subsoil Drains
Provide counter fort or French drains in the event of excavation for repairs exposing local seepage, springs
or unacceptably high water table. These drains shall consist of a trench excavated to the alignment , width,
depth and gradient instructed by the Engineer, and backfilled with approved compacted clean hard crushed
rock material as specified in clause 815 of the standard specification. Where these drains lie within the
carriageway the carriageway shall be reinstated with compacted stabilized gravel and surfaced with hot
asphalt or a surface dressing as instructed by the Engineer.
4.5.9 Invert Block Drains and Half Round Channels
Invert Block Drains and Half Round Channels shall be constructed as shown in the drawings provided in
accordance with the Standard Specifications where directed by the Engineer.
4.5.10 Repairs to Drains
Cleaning and clearing of existing culverts, side drains, mitre or outfall drains where such are blocked, will
be done to free-flowing condition. The work shall consist of Stripping and removal of any extraneous
material to spoil including vegetation and roots in the drains to the satisfaction of the engineer. Spread the spoil
neatly. Shape the drains to free-flowing condition, remove any broken side slabs or inverted block drains and
replace with new ones, or remove any broken inverted block drains and replace with Concrete class 20/20 and
A142 BRC reinforcement.

4.5.11 Channels
Where existing sub drains are damaged or any other place as directed by the Engineer, we shall construct
precast class 20/20 open channels, minimum thickness is 80mm, length and width not exceeding 1000mm.
joints are at least 15mm wide and filled with 1:2 cement sand mortar.
4.5.12 Rubble Fills for Protection Works
Quarry waste or similar approved material shall be used to back fill scoured and eroded side, outfall and
cut-off drains. The material shall be compacted to form a flat or curved surface preparatory to stone
pitching of drainage channels, existing and new scour checks as directed by the Engineer.
4.5.13 Gabions and Scour Checks
Gabions shall be constructed in accordance with clause 711 of the standard Specification. This activity involves
provision and installation of the gabions. Gabion shall include gabion mattresses and gabion boxes whichever
is approved by the Engineer. Gabions shall be ‘Maccaferi’’ boxes or ‘’Reno’’ mattresses or equivalent. Gabion
boxes shall be tied together with 3mm galvanized binding wire securing all edges at 150mm intervals. The
workmanship in terms of placing and tying shall be checked visually to ensure compliance to standards and
specifications. Rock fill to Gabions involves providing selected rock, crushed if necessary, hand-packing and
compacting inside the gabion boxes. Rock fill shall comprise broken rock of 150mm minimum dimension and
300mm maximum dimension. The side shall be packed first in the form of a wall using the largest pieces, with
majority placed as headers with broken joints to present a neat outside face. The interior of the gabion shall be
hand packed with smaller pieces and the top layers shall be finished off with larger pieces. The whole interior
and top layers shall be packed tight and hammered into place. The contractor shall use a combination of labour
and equipment to carry out this activity. The workmanship in terms of filling and compaction of the stones in
the gabion boxes shall be checked visually. Scour checks are to be constructed in mass concrete in accordance
with clause 818 of the standard Specifications and the drawings as shall be provided.

4.6 Passage of Traffic

4.6.1 Maintenance of Existing Roads
The existing project road will be maintained ahead of works using compacted asphalt concrete type I in
accordance with the provisions in clause 1601B – 1607B of the Special Specifications or gravel material
depending on the nature of the wearing course surface.
4.6.2 Construction of Deviations
Before commencing any permanent work on the existing road, we will construct and maintain 6m wide
deviation, made of 150 mm compacted gravel wearing course complying with section 10 of the Standard
Specification. Provide a detour of adequate pipe culverts for pedestrian and traffic crossing where there is
bridge works. Provide a detour of adequate pipe culverts for pedestrian and traffic crossing where there is
bridge works. The carriageway width of the deviations may vary and generally shall not be less than 6m
wide and suitable for 2-way lorry traffic, or not less than 3.5 m wide and suitable for 1-way lorry traffic,
unless otherwise specified. To control dust emission, we undertake to sprinkle water at least 4 times a day
at the rate of1 to 1.4 litres/Square meter in regular interval. Latest sprinkling time shall be one hour before
the sunset.
4.6.3 Passage of Traffic through the Works
Where it isn’t practicable to construct deviations, we shall arrange for passage of traffic through the works.
Road signs, barriers, temporary traffic lights will be provided to guide traffic safely through the existing
road to deviation and back to existing road. Provide ramps where road and deviation meet. Maintain close
liaison with the relevant authorities to clear any broken down or accident vehicles from the deviations and
the main road, in order to maintain smooth and safe flow of the traffic.

4.7 Paved Roads - Shoulder Maintenance & Repair

Shoulders shall be constructed in accordance with guidelines given in 1102 and as directed by the Engineer;
and reconstruction will be the same in all sections including slip roads.
For sections where shoulders are extremely low and requires fill material before the shoulder is reconstructed,
the construction of fill embankment shall be in accordance with Section 5 of this specification.

Low shoulder shall be reconstructed by cutting benches, filling and compacting approved fill material to form
the formation to the shoulders.
The fill material shall have a minimum CBR of 25 at 95% MDD (AASHTO T180) and 4 days soak, and
within a Plasticity Index of 15-20.
4.8 Natural Material Bases & Sub-base
The work consists of repairing sub-base and base course failure and spreading sub-base and base course in
accordance with the Specification and the Drawings.
 4.8.1 Sub-base
This work consists of furnishing, placing and compacting sub-base material on a prepared and accepted sub-
grade to the lines, levels, grades, dimensions and cross sections shown on the Drawing and as required by
the Engineer. Based on the Drawing, we set out the horizontal position of sub-base, determine the thickness of
spreading, and then mark it up with stakes. Prior to sub-base spreading, water bowser is used to wet the sub-
grade to ensure the cohesiveness between them. The sub-base is spread in even layers not exceeding 150
mm after compaction. Care is taken to prevent segregation, and oversized particles are hand-picked from
the deposited layer prior to compaction. Immediately after each layer has been spread and shaped
satisfactorily, each layer is thoroughly compacted with suitable and adequate compaction equipment. Each
layer is compacted to at least 95 % of the maximum dry density, as determined by AASHTO T180.
Natural materials for base and sub base shall conform to the specifications given in Section 12 of the Standard
Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction for cement and lime improved base and sub base.
4.8.2 Base Course
The existing surfacing and base course shall be broken up to specified depth and reprocessed in situ, where
required. The underlying layers should not be damaged.

4.9 Cement and Lime Treatment (Subgrade, Sub-base & Base)

4.9.1 Cement Treatment

Cement for stabilization will be CEM 1 Portland cement conforming to KS 1262. The cement content of the
stabilized material shall be as indicated by the Engineer and will normally be about 4%. This rate may be
varied from time to time, at the discretion of The Engineer.
4.9.2 Moisture Content
The moisture content of the stabilized material shall be as directed by the Engineer but nevertheless within the
range of 85% to 100% of the optimum Moisture Content (AASHTO T.180).

4.9.3 Mixing and Placing

The material to be stabilized and the cement shall be mixed by an approved mixing plant, which in our case is
a mix-in-place pulvi-mixer (soil mixer) for material to be used for pavement reconstruction, widening and
shoulders. Mixing will be done in layers not exceeding 150mm.

4.9.4 Lime Improvement

Lime improvement shall be carried out in accordance with Section 14 of the Standard Specification. Spread the
material, with regular checks to control dosage and mix in layers not exceeding 150mm thickness.
The lime improved material is the mixed thoroughly using a pulvi-mixer
Compact the treated layer with a roller until required compaction is achieved.

4.9.5 Alternatively (Graded Crushed Stone (GCS) Sub Base & Base)
Graded crushed stone (GCS) refers to crushed stone with a smooth grading curve which is within a specified
envelope. The stone Class shall be as specified in the Special Specification or as instructed by the Engineer

Material Source and requirements

The aggregate will be sourced from quarries identified by the contractor and approved by the Engineer and
must meet the all the requirements as per Standard Specification for Road and Bridge construction, 1986
Edition Clause 1303(a), 1303(b), 1303(c) and 1303(d).
Crushing and Mixing
Unless otherwise instructed, crushing shall be carried out in at least two stages.
The crushing, screening and proportioning of materials and subsequent mixing shall be carried out using such
methods machines as shall be acceptable to the Engineer. To avoid segregation, graded crushed stone shall be
moistened when being handled and shall not be stockpiled in heaps higher than 5 m.
Transporting GCS
Graded crushed stone shall be transported damp and in such a way that no segregation occurs.
Laying and Compaction of GCS
Appropriate measures shall be taken to prevent segregation during dumping and spreading operations.
The graded crushed stone shall be laid by paver, capable of distributing the graded crushed stone in a layer of
uniform thickness and without segregation.
The compacted thickness of any layer laid, processed and compacted at one time shall not exceed 200mm, and
where a greater thickness is required, the graded crushed stone shall be laid in two or more layers
The compacted thickness of any base layer shall be as instructed by the Engineer.
As soon as possible after laying, compaction shall be carried out. The moisture content shall be adjusted as
necessary and, during compaction, care shall be taken to maintain the moisture content evenly at the required
value.
Unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer, the moisture content at the time of compaction shall be between
80 and 100% of the Optimum Moisture Content as determined by the vibrating hammer method in BS 1377 -
Test 14. The appropriate sections of Clause 1204 of Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Construction,
1986 Edition shall apply.

All rolling shall be longitudinal and shall commence at the outer edges of the pavement and progress towards
the centre, except that on super-elevated curves where rolling shall progress from the lower to the higher edge.
Where laying is carried out in lanes care must be taken to prevent water entrapment.

On completion of the compaction the surface shall be well closed, mechanically stable, free from visible
movement under compaction plant and free from compaction planes, ridges and cracks, loose or segregated
material. If the surface fails to meet the requirements, the Contractor shall take the action set out in the
appropriate part of Section 3 of Standard Specification for Road and Bridge construction, 1986 Edition, or
such other action as the Engineer may instruct or agree.
Proof rolling

The Contractor shall proof roll completed layers in accordance with Clause 1205 of Specification for Road and
Bridge construction, 1986 Edition.

4.9.6 Protection & Curing

Protection and curing shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Clause 1409(i) of the Standard
Specification but provision shall be made to wet the surface from time to time as directed by the Engineer. Cure
for at least 7 days.

4.10 Bitumen Works

This work shall consist of repairing existing defective bitumen pavement, including bituminous surface
treatment, cracks, patches, and edge breaks.
4.10.1 Bituminous Prime Coat
This work consists of the preparation for and application of a bituminous prime and blotting material to a
previously prepared and untreated surface in accordance with the Specification and in close conformity with
the lines shown in the Drawing or established by the Engineer.

MC 30 cut-back bitumen is chosen as the prime coat, whose quantity and quality are in conformity with the
Specification. Pre-distribution is done to check the consistency of bitumen:
▪ The prime coat is sprayed after clearing the cutting left over of existing defective pavement. A slight
application of water is made if the surface is over dry.
▪ It is applied by a bitumen distributor, which is fitted with a handheld, manually operated bar fed by
a flexible line for use on areas too small to be satisfactory sprayed with the main bar.
▪ Before any bitumen distributor is used on the works, the calibration of the nozzle shall be checked in a
series of field tests to maintain appropriate speeds for the proper application of the bitumen. During
 the progress of the work, it is sprayed uniformly at one time in accordance with the designated
bitumen capacity in case of bitumen's flowing to penetrate into the base course. Oil slick formed on
the surface is not permitted. Once any omission occurs, remedial spraying is done manually. After
the spraying, the traffic is strictly regulated in case of any vehicle or person passing through.
▪ No spraying is carried out on a wet pavement, while rain appears imminent or during high winds;
the extra prime coat bitumen, which has not penetrated into base course, is cleared immediately.

4.10.2 Bituminous Seal Coat

80/100 penetration grade bitumen will be used for this activity.

4.10.3 Sealing aggregate (precoated chippings)

Aggregate spreader is used in the laying of 10/14 precoated chippings to carriageway, shoulders, bus bays
and junctions.
▪ The precoated chippings are spread before emulsion breaking. To ensure a good cohesiveness
between aggregate and bitumen, chippings are spread once emulsion stops flowing.
▪ The chippings are spread uniformly and not to be overlapped, covering the full pavement with no
exposing bitumen. Manually, remedial work is done when any local omission occurs. The
chippings adhere to bitumen emulsion through rolling and integrate with it after its breaking. Where
there is excess chippings, the surplus is removed immediately to make the surface level and uniform.
▪ Pneumatic-tired roller of 10 tons is used to compact, which is executed when the bitumen becomes
fully black and emulsion has been breaking. One to two-time light rolling is done firstly and re-
rolling be started after it is dry.

4.10.4 Filling Potholes and Patch Repairs:

Prepare areas for the repair of potholes, road edges and other repair areas by excavating off unsuitable or
failed material and debris, trimming off excavated edges, cleaning and compacting the resulting surfaces and
applying MC 30 or MC 70 cut-back bitumen prime coat at a rate of 0.8-1.2 litres/m2, all as directed by the
Engineer. Where the surface repair on potholes and edges are to be carried out, Asphalt Concrete Type I
(0/14 gradation) shall be used.

4.11 Bituminous Mixes

The following types of bituminous mixes will be used:
▪ Asphaltic Concrete type I for surfacing.

4.11.1 Design and Working Mixes

Before commencement of works involving bituminous mixes (at least two months prior), we shall submit
samples of each constituent of the mix to the Engineer. The aggregates produced must meet the grading
requirements of the Specification. We, in the in the presence of the Engineer will then carry out laboratory
tests in order to decide upon the proportion of each constituent of the initial design mix or mixes to be used
for site trials to be carried out in accordance with Clause 1606A of this Specifications.

4.11.2 Construction Plant

We shall make use of the following construction plant for bituminous mixes:
▪ Premix Plant: - plant will comply with ASTM Designation D995 and shall be located on the site unless
otherwise agreed by the Engineer.
▪ Paver
▪ Double Drum Roller
▪ Pneumatic Tired Roller (PTR)
▪ Bitumen Distributor
▪ Tippers: - for transporting the premix.
▪ Chip Spreader
▪ Mechanical Broom

Item Equipment Required

 1 Mobilizat ion Low bed
2 General Office administration and overheads / RE Lab equipment and survey equipment, and supervision
Preliminaries vehicles.
3 Site Clearance Excavator, Tippers and Labour
3 EARTHWORKS
4 EXCAVATION AND FILING FOR STRUCTURES Excavator, Tippers and Labour

5 Culverts and Drainage Works Batching boxes, Backhoe/Excavator, Concrete drum mixin g
machine, poker vibrators, water tankers, tipper.
6 Passage of Traffic Traffic sign boards (warning signs), "stop and go" signs, traffic
cones, barriers, traffic control personnel, temporary restriction
signs, bumps, signposts.

7 SHOULDER TO PAVEMENT Excavator, Tippers, Paver, Double Drum Roller, Pneumatic

Tired Roller (PTR), Bitumen Distributor and Labour
8 NATURAL MATERIAL SUBBBASE AND BASE Excavator, Tippers, Paver, Double Drum Roller, Pneumatic
Tired Roller (PTR), Bitumen Distributor and Labour
9 GRADED CRUSHED STONE BASE AND SUBBASE Excavator, Tippers, Paver, Double Drum Roller, and Labour

10 BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREAT. & S DRESSING Excavator, Tippers, Paver, Double Drum Roller, Pneumatic
Tired Roller (PTR), Bitumen Distributor and Labour

All the above shall be of adequate rated capacity and in good working condition.

4.11.3 Site Trials

Full scale laying and compaction site trials shall be carried out by the Contractor on all asphalt pavement
materials proposed for the Works using the above listed construction plant. The trials shall be carried out with
the agreement, and in the presence of the Engineer, at a location approved by the Engineer.
The essence of these trials will be to:
▪ Test materials, designed in the laboratory, so that a workable mix that satisfies the specification
requirements can be selected.
▪ To enable us to demonstrate the suitability of our mixing and compaction equipment to provide and
compact the material to the specified density and to confirm that the other specified requirements of the
completed asphalt pavement layer can be achieved.
Each trial area shall be at least 100 metres long and to the full construction width and depth for the material. It
may form part of the Works provided it complies with this Specification. Any areas that do not comply with this
Specification shall be removed. These trials shall be undertaken at least 21 days ahead of the proposed to
commencement of full-scale work on that layer.

The following data shall be recorded for each level of compactive effort at each site trial: -
▪ The composition and grading of the material including the bitumen content and type and grade of
bitumen used.
▪ The moisture content of aggregate in the asphalt plant hot bins.
▪ The temperature of the bitumen and aggregate immediately prior to entering the mixer, the temperature
of the mix on discharge from the mixer and the temperature of the mix on commencement of laying, on
commencement of compaction and on completion of compaction. The temperature of the mixture is to
 be measured in accordance with BS 598, Part 3, Appendix A.
▪ The type, size, mass, width of roll, number of wheels, wheel load, tire pressures, frequency of vibration
and the number of passes of the compaction equipment, as appropriate for the type of roller.
▪ The target voids and other target properties of the mix together with the results of the laboratory tests
on the mix.
▪ The density and voids achieved.
▪ The compacted thickness of the layer.
▪ Any other relevant information as directed by the Engineer.
The above data recorded in the trial shall become the agreed basis on which the particular material shall be
provided and processed to achieve the specified requirements.
4.11.4 Surface Preparation
Immediately before placing the bituminous mix in the pavement, the existing surface shall be cleaned of all
material and foreign matter with mechanical brooms or by other approved methods. The debris shall be
deposited well clear of the surface to be covered. Any defect of the surface shall be made good and no
bituminous mix shall be laid until the Engineer has approved the surface. A tack coat (K-160) shall be applied
in accordance with Section 15 of this Specification, prior to laying the bituminous mix.

4.11.5 Mixing of Aggregates and Bitumen

The bitumen shall be heated so that it can be distributed uniformly and care shall be taken not to overheat it.
The temperature shall never exceed 1700 C for 60/70-penetration grade bitumen. The aggregates shall be dried
and heated so that they are mixed at 125-1650 C when 60/70 bitumen is used

The dried aggregates shall be combined in the mixer in the amount of each fraction instructed by the Engineer
and the bitumen shall then be introduced into the mixer in the amount specified. The materials shall then be
mixed until a complete and uniform coating of the aggregate is obtained.
The mixing time shall be the shortest required to obtain a uniform mix and thorough coating. The wet mixing
time shall be determined by the Contractor and agreed by the Engineer for each plant and for each type of
aggregate used. It shall normally not exceed 60 seconds.
4.11.6 Transporting the Mixture
The bituminous mix shall be kept free of contamination and segregation during transportation. Each load shall
be covered with canvas or similar covering to protect it from the weather and dust.

4.11.7 Laying the Mixture

Immediately after the surface has been prepared and approved, the mixture shall be spread to line and level by
the laying plant (Paver) without segregation and dragging. The mixture shall be placed in widths of one traffic
lane at a time, unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer. The compacted thickness of any layer shall be at least
2.5 times the maximum size of the aggregate for wearing course and at least 2 times for binder course. The
minimum thickness shall be 25mm. On areas where irregularities or unavoidable obstacles make the use of
mechanical laying impracticable, the mixture will be spread and compacted by hand.
4.11.8 Compaction
Immediately after the bituminous mixture has been spread, it shall be thoroughly and uniformly compacted by
rolling. The layer shall be rolled when the mixture is in such a condition that rolling does not cause undue
displacement or shoving. The number, weight and type of rollers furnished shall be sufficient to obtain the
required compaction while the mixture is in a workable condition. The sequence of rolling operations shall be
as agreed with the Engineer and proved during site trials. Initial rolling with steel tandem or three-wheeled roller
shall follow the laying plant as closely as possible. The rollers shall be operated with the drive roll nearest the
laying plant, at a slow and uniform speed (not exceeding 5 Km/Hr.). Rolling shall normally commence from the
outer edge and proceed longitudinally parallel to the centerline, each trip overlapping one half of the roller
width. On super elevated curves, rolling shall begin at the low side and progress to the high side. Where laying
is carried out in lanes care must be taken to prevent water entrapment. Intermediate rolling with a pneumatic -
tire or vibratory roller shall follow immediately. Final rolling with a steel-wheeled roller shall be used to
eliminate marks from previous rolling. To prevent adhesion of the mixture to the rollers, the wheels shall be
kept lightly moistened with water. In areas too small for the roller, a vibrating plate compactor or a hand tamper
shall be used to achieve the specified compaction.

4.11.9 Finishing, Joints and Edges

Any mixture that becomes loose and broken, mixed with dirt or foreign matter or is in any way defective, shall
be removed and replaced with fresh hot mixture, which shall be compacted to conform to the surrounding area.
Spreading of the mixture shall be as continuous as possible. Transverse joints shall be formed by cutting neatly
in a straight line across the previous run to expose the full depth of the course. The vertical face so formed shall
be painted lightly with hot 60/70 penetration grade bitumen just before the additional mixture is placed against
it. Longitudinal joints shall be rolled directly behind the paving operation. The first lane shall be placed true to
line and level and have an approximately vertical face. The mixture placed in the abutting lane shall then be
tightly crowded against the face of the previously placed lane. The paver shall be positioned to spread material
overlapping the joint face by 20-30mm. Before rolling, the excess mixture shall be raked off and discarded.
When the abutting lane is not placed in the same day, or the joint is destroyed by traffic, the edge of the lane
shall be cut back as necessary, trimmed to line and painted lightly with hot 60/70 penetration grade bitumen just
before the abutting lane is placed. Any fresh mixture spread accidentally on the existing work at joint shall be
carefully removed by brooming it back on to uncompacted work, so as to avoid formation of irregularities at the
joint. The finish at joints shall comply with the surface requirements and shall present the same uniformity of
finish, texture and density as other sections of the work. The edges of the course shall be rolled concurrently
with or immediately after the longitudinal joint. In rolling the edges, roller wheels shall extend 50 to 100mm
beyond the edges.

4.12 Road Furniture Repair and Maintenance

4.12.1 Road Reserve Boundary Posts

Road reserve boundary posts shall be provided as directed by the Engineer and in compliance with Standard
Specification clause 2001. They shall be placed at 50m intervals along the boundary of the road reserve.

4.12.2 Permanent Road Signs

Permanent Road Signs shall be provided as directed by the Engineer and in compliance with the requirements
of the "Manual for Traffic Signs in Kenya" Part II and standard Specification clause 2004.

4.12.3 Road Marking

Paint for road marking shall be internally reflectorized hot applied thermoplastic material in accordance with
Clause 219 of the Standard Specification.

4.12.4 Road Studs

Road studs are moulded of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) conforming to ASTM Specification D1788 –
68, class 5-2-2 shell filled with inert, thermosetting compound and filler. The lens portion of the marker of the
marker is of optical menthlymethacrylic. The road studs shall be constructed of high impact ABS containing a
multi-biconvex glass lens reflector system. It shall be of monolithic construction, and not less than 98.5. m2.
The height of the marker shall not exceed 17mm and the underside shall contain a non-honeycomb base (flat).

4.12.5 Guardrails
Guardrail posts shall be concrete 200 mm diameter set vertically at least 1.2m into the shoulder as directed by
the Engineer. Spacer blocks shall also be made of concrete. Beams for guardrails shall be "Armco Flex beam"
or similar obtained from a manufacturer approved by the Engineer.

4.12.6 Kerbs
Vertical Joints between adjacent Kerbs shall not be greater than 5 mm in width and shall be filled with a mortar
consisting of 1:3 cement to sand by volume. Transition between flush and raised kerbs ([Link] bus bays) shall be
termed as ramped kerbs. The transition between flush and raised kerbs shall occur within a length of 2.0m.
 4.13 . Performance Maintenance

Under this contract, the following works will be carried out:

4.13.1 Improvement Works

Improvement Works are a set of interventions to be executed by the Contractor to allow the Road to acquire
new characteristics under the contract. Improvement Works shall be carried out by the Contractor when
specifically instructed by the Engineer as set out in Clause 27 of GCC and in accordance with the Bill of
Quantities.
4.13.2 Emergency Works

Emergency Works are a set of necessary inputs to be executed by the Contractor to allow the Road to be
reinstated under the contract in case of inflicted damages as a result of natural phenomena with
imponderable consequences, such as strong storms, flooding and earthquakes. Emergency Works shall be
carried out by the Contractor when specifically instructed by the Engineer as set out in Clause 27 of GCC
and in accordance with the unit rates provided for in the Specifications.

All Works, Rehabilitation Works, Improvement Works and Emergency Works shall be designed by the
Employer in accordance with the latest specifications adopted by the Employer.

4.13.3 Maintenance Services

The services to be provided by the Contractor include all activities, physical and others, which needs to be
carried out in order to improve, maintain and comply with the service levels as set out in Table 2.1. (Service
level requirements).

Performance based routine maintenance service shall include but not limited;
▪ Site Clearance: Light bush clearing of the extent of the Road Reserve which is approximately 40m
wide and vegetation height of 150mm and 300mm within the inner zone and outer zone
respectively
▪ Removal of debris, any siltation, structures, fences, illegal signs and disposal of any spoil material
within the extent of the road reserve
▪ Spoiling of deleterious materials within the road reserve and maintenance of the same during the
contract period
▪ Repair, reinstatement and maintenance of existing and new protection works comprising of gabion
boxes and other auxiliary erosion protection structures
▪ Repair, reinstatement and maintenance of existing and new side drains, mitre drains, cut off drains to
free-flowing conditions
▪ Repair, reinstatement and maintenance of existing and new pipe culverts, Access Culverts, Box
Culverts, lined drains, earth drains, gulley pots, closed drains and any other auxiliary drainage
structure to free-flowing condition.
▪ Allow the passage of traffic through the works during the entire Contract period
▪ Repair and reinstatement of Sub-base/Base failed potholes prior to pothole patching
▪ To allow smooth passage of traffic throughout the duration of the Contract by patching existing and
any new emerging pothole within 48 hours. This shall also include any other works that shall be
deemed necessary to give a good riding surface.
▪ Maintaining river beds to ensure free flow of water under the bridge and up-to 50m upstream and
downstream at all times
▪ Repair, reinstate and maintain Protection works around Bridge abutments and piers to ensure that
erosion is always mitigated and controlled at all times during the contract duration
▪ Repair, reinstatement and maintenance of existing shoulders to conform to the existing pavement
structure and cross section issued in Section 8 of this document.
▪ To repair, reinstate and maintain the existing and new road furniture for the duration of the Contract.
 These shall include road marking, road signs, guardrails, road studs and any other road-asset related
furniture along the road.
▪ The PBC Contractor must standardize and road mark all the existing humps using AC and hot
thermoplastic paint within the first three (3) months of commencement of works, after which the
Contractor shall road mark all the faded humps yearly until the end of the contract.

A detailed list of such road-related assets and items is attached under Appendix B of this Specification.
(ARCIS FY 2020-2021).

For guidance, the activities to be undertaken by the Contractor include, but are not limited to, management
tasks and physical works associated with the following:
▪ Inspect the road for safety defects and defects likely to impact on durability of the assets
▪ Inspect road, identify and remove all obstructions
▪ Clean drainage (side drains, culverts)
▪ 4. Repair and replace scour checks
▪ 5. Vegetation control, grass cutting, bush clearing, tree pruning
▪ 6. Maintain bridges and minor repairs (replacement of guardrails)
▪ 7. Maintain road furniture and replace damaged traffic signs

Management tasks and physical works must endeavor to achieve the following:
▪ Maintain road usability
▪ 2) Maintain road user comfort
▪ 3) Maintain road durability
▪ 4) Maintain control of the Road by patrolling, data collection, conducting inspections and reporting

5.0 Quality Control of Works

5.1 Quality of Works
The works are executed in accordance with Conditions of the Contract, the Specification, the directions of the
Engineer, and various regulations of quality control management established on site to meet the requirements
of the Specification.
5.2 Quality Control of Works
Preparation of Quality Control of Works: All labor and staff are trained on the quality of works to improve
their sense of quality on the basis of expectations and characteristics of works. The relevant personnel are
organized to study the Specification comprehensively and carefully to make good preparation for technical
solutions. The detailed mobilization plan for material and equipment is prepared, which is kept in good
condition. In order to ensure the accuracy of testing, special attention is paid to the purchase and identification
of quality testing instruments.

5.2.1 Implementation of Quality Control

Testing of arrived material:

All procured material has to be with a certificate of QA (Quality Assurance), samples of which are tested by
the lab assistant. The material is not used until re-tested as acceptable. It is labeled unacceptable and stored
separately; or replaced with approval of the material manager as for the unacceptable material to ensure the
quality of arrived material.

Future testing:
Each procedure is tested and experimented in accordance with the method of construction or the
Specification of the Contract by the quality control manager, lab assistant and surveyor of Project
management office, records of which are made accordingly.
The self-test of concealed works is organized to make by the quality control manager, which is accepted
prior to submitting to the Engineer or his representative for acceptance.

Monitoring of records:
Surveying records are made and calculated carefully and correctly, the designated surveying location be
protected, and the surveying instruments be calibrated and maintained regularly.
The technical personnel are strengthened to operate in strict accordance with the methods specified in the
construction method statement.
Key technique and difficult parts, especially the common faults and easy-occurred faults in the project are
pre- cautioned, which are nipped in the bud under the guidance of Chief Engineer.

6.0 Safety of Works

6.1 Establishment of Safety Organization

The Security Department has to be set up under Project management office, which is in charge of daily
safety specifically, the establishment of various safety regulations and rules and the implementation of
each safety measures. A full-time safety officer is appointed for each construction team, who is
responsible for the safety of the project and under the guidance of the foreman of each section and project
manager. Safety education and safety publicity on employees are carried out monthly as practically as
possible.

6.2 Safety Organization Requirements

The striking warning signs are erected on site, traffic divided blocks be placed in accordance with the
Specification and a full-time person be appointed to direct the traffic in case of accidents.

The detailed breakdown of consequences for safety violation are communicated to all staffs, including casual
labourers prior to commencement,

Safety education and inspection are made to labourers on site from time to time.

Construction personnel on site have to wear unified uniform, chest card and safety helmet in designated
color. The uniforms and the safety helmets are tied on the red reflecting membrane.

The installation of all kinds of electric facilities and use of electricity on site must meet the requirements
of related regulations and rules of power supply authorities. Any violation here is prohibited.

The travel route of various equipment and vehicle is arranged reasonably in case of accidents.

Safety check is carried out to the plant and the equipment; Driving in spite of illness is not permitted.

All personnel must abide by local laws and regulations, comply with the local government regulations and
obey the rules of the site to ensure the safety.

All construction vehicles are strictly forbidden to turn around and retrograde randomly in urban road; if
needed, a full-time safety officer is arranged to direct the traffic and safety signs are placed for exclusive
use.

The operation is suspended in case of heavy rain, strong storm, dense fog and any extreme weather
condition.

6.3 Safety Management of Transportation, Mechanical Operation.

(a) Safety Management of transportation.
The operator of all equipment and vehicles must have work license. No operation is permitted without
licenses. No person except the operator is allowed to stay in the dump truck.
(b) Safety Management of Mechanical Operation
When operating in hazardous sections (including high-voltage section), striking warning signs must be placed,
as well as special person appointed to direct.
(c)All the machinery and equipment used in construction are painted in orange or installed with red (yellow)
warning lights, and pasted with red reflective membrane. All transportation vehicles have to be in good
condition and stable performance, which are maintained and repaired periodically or occasionally.

7.0 Protection of the Environment

7.1 Water Quality
The Contractor has to prevent any interference with the supply to or abstraction from or the pollution of
water resources (including underground percolating water) as a result of the execution of the Works.
Areas where water is regularly or repetitively used for dust suppression purposes (including, without
limitation, stockpiles for concrete-batching and asphalt plants) are laid to fall to specially-
constructed settlement tanks to permit sedimentation of particulate matter.
All water and other liquid waste products arising on the Site are collected and disposed of at a location
on or off the Site and in a manner that does not cause either nuisance or pollution.
The Contractor does not discharge or deposit any matter arising from the execution of the Works into any
waters except with the permission of the Engineer and the regulatory authorities concerned.
The Contractor has to protect all water courses, waterways, ditches, canals, drains, lakes and the like
from pollution, silting, flooding or erosion as a result of the execution of the Works.
The Contractor has to submit details of his temporary drainage work system (including all surface
channels, sediment traps, washing basins and discharge pits) to the Engineer for approval prior to
commencing work on its construction.

7.2 Air Quality

The Contractor has to devise and implement methods of working to minimize dust, gaseous or other
air-borne emissions and carry out the Works in such a manner as to minimize adverse impacts on air
quality.
The Contractor has to utilize effective water sprays during delivery and handing of materials when
dust is likely to be created, and to dampen stored materials during dry and windy weather. Stockpiles
of friable materials are covered with clean tarpaulins, with application of sprayed water during dry and
windy weather. Stockpiles of material or debris are dampened prior their movement
Any vehicle with an open load-carrying area used for transporting potentially dust-producing material
have to have properly fitting side and tailboards. Materials having the potential to produce dust are not
loaded to a level higher than the side and tail boards, and are covered with a clean tarpaulin in good
condition. The tarpaulin is properly secured and extends at least 300 mm over the edges of the side and
tailboards.
7.3 Noise
The Contractor has to consider noise as an environmental constraint in his planning and execution of the
Works. The Contractor has to take all necessary measure that the operation of all mechanical equipment and
construction processes on and off the Site does not cause any unnecessary or excessive noise, taking into
account applicable environment requirements. The Contractor has to use all necessary measures and
maintain all plant and silencing equipment in good condition so as to minimize the noise emission during
construction works.

7.4 Control of Wastes

The Contractor has to control the disposal of all forms of waste generated by the construction
operations and in all associated activities. No uncontrolled deposition or dumping is permitted. Waste
to be so controlled includes, but is not limited to, sewerage, all forms of fuel and engine oils, bitumen,
cement, surplus concrete, surplus aggregates, gravels etc. The Contractor has to make specific provision
for the proper disposal of these and any other waste products, conforming to local regulations and
acceptable to the Engineer. In the event of any spoil or debris or silt from the Site being deposited on
any adjacent land, the Contractor immediately remove all such spoil, debris or silt and restore the
affected area to its original state to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
QUALITY AND QUANTITY MANAGEMENT
1. Scope Management

The scope of project must be understood by the project managers as well as all parties involved
despite the procedures used in order to achieve the goal of project completion. Project scope
refers to the part of project planning that involves determining and documenting a list of specific
project goals and objectives, deliverables, tasks, costs, and deadlines.

The quality of the scope is measured by the ability of the project manager and project
stakeholders to develop and maintain a common understanding of what products or services the
project was to deliver

Successful road projects consider the project scope changes and usually the rigorous project
scope control is essential for project completion. An increase in scope that doesn’t include a
corresponding adjustment to project regulatory changes, project technological changes, project
objective changes and project stakeholders’ changes would result to unfinished projects.
Project scope changes must be understood by the project managers as well as all parties involved
despite the procedures used in order to achieve the goal of project completion. Stakeholders
involved in road construction projects must ensure that projects undertaken are delivered within
time, budget and quality.
2. Time Management.
The contractor shall ensure proper utilization of time so that the project can be completed within
the timelines provided in the contract.
In this regard, rehabilitation and improvement works to be completed within 18 months after
issuance of order to commence.
Performance based works and emergency works if any to be responded to within the required
response time.

3. MATERIAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

3.01. Quality Assurance of the Works:
As part of our quality assurance programme, we shall deploy qualified Engineers, Foremen,
Technicians and Surveyors for the Superintendence and management of the project; it is our
wish to furnish the Engineer with a quality control programme to be incorporated into the works
before any construction activity is started.
This will include:
a) Investigation on the availability of suitable material sites (gravel) during the mobilization
period. Tests will be conducted on the materials from the selected quarries and borrow pits in
the vicinity of the project area and the results submitted to the Engineer for approval;
b) The procurement of construction materials will be based on just in time delivery systems
(JITS) methods, with zero tolerance to defects and waste. This will minimize the variations that
might affect quality and cost i.e. the materials purchased must be accompanied by test
certificates from the manufacturer;
c) Trial tests on concrete mixes will be conducted for every mix design until the required
concrete design strength for each mix is achieved before any concrete work begins;
d) The storage of the materials and goods will be in accordance to the required standards;
e) The Contractor will also arrange and install a health and safety awareness scheme, which
will involve an induction of the superintending staff;
f) Comprehensive environmental management will form part of our programme e.g. control
of river pollution, soil and air pollution. Reinstating of the borrow pits or fencing off, proper
disposal of wastes and toxic substances.
g) All materials, sourced from reputable firms and safely stored, shall be tested for
compliance before use.
h) Our highly motivated key staff and technical personnel have considerable experience in
road construction and will provide proper supervision and superintendence to the satisfaction of
the supervising representative.
i) The equipment proposed for uses in the contract are in good condition and will be regularly
inspected and maintained to ensure high productivity.
j) The proposed schedule of activities; the tabulation of the resources requirements for each
site will aid in timely procurement of resources.

3.02. Survey Works:

It is programmed that by the start date the RE shall have given adequate instructions and survey
data in compliance with the specifications and to facilitate setting out and other survey works.
Benchmarks issued by the RE shall be checked for confirmation and then establish temporary
benchmarks and heighting done appropriately. Upon RE approval of TBMs joint cross-sections
of existing ground levels shall be taken and agreed.
Measurements of the works will be carried out jointly between the contractor representative and
the client representative.
3.03 Material Test Results

Contractor shall submit the proposed material and related miscellaneous item as following item
to the Engineer for his approval.
• Concrete mix design
• Manufacturer’s certificate for reinforcement steel and mesh
• Work program
• Reinforced Concrete Specification
• Quality control and management plan

3.04. Excavation for culvert works Quality Control

• Prior to any excavation works and any other works related to external drainage system
contractor shall prepare and proceed with the drain alignment and invert level setting out.
• Upon completion of the setting out, Request for inspection form shall be submitted to the
Engineer to allow inspection being conducted before any subsequent work starts.
• The excavation works can only start upon receipt of official acceptance for the setting out
and approval to proceed works with the subsequent activity.
• Excavation work shall be done using combination of manual labour and equipment, e.g.
backhoe and excavator in the order of the equipment first then shaping done manually hand
implements. Excavation for inlet, outfall, and mitre, catch water drains in soft material and in
hard material will also be done using suitable methods. Blasting will be avoided as much as
possible.
• Excavation for pipe culverts, headwalls, wing walls, apron, toe walls, and drop inlets will
be done and compacted as directed by the Engineer.
• Upon completion of the excavation work, contractor once again shall submit to the
Engineer Request for Inspection form to enable inspection being conducted to confirm that the
invert level of the drain are as per the requirement.
• Contractor then will proceed with the setting out of the culvert.

4. Financial Management

We shall ensure sufficient financial management reporting as well as policy decisions. Based on
these findings, it can be summarized that financial reporting, internal controls, cash management
as well as Laws and Regulations all affect the performance of the project completion time, cost
and quality.

5. Risk Management

The study recommends that management in road construction project should increase level of
project risk identification as it enhances the risk management activities on each significant risk.
Project managers should facilitate a distinctive project risk identification effort as they
undertook risk identification for the purposes of mitigating risk facing projects to a very great
extent. The study recommends further that the project managers should increase engagement in
capacity building activities in risk management and construction project management in general.
The study recommend that management of roads construction projects should come up with
risks mitigation strategies on a bid to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to project
objectives. The study also recommends that the project managers should encourage awareness
among the project stakeholders in order to optimize the benefits of risk management practice
implementation, through increased uptake and compliance.

6. Health & Safety Management

The Contractor will also arrange and install a health and safety awareness scheme, which will
involve an induction of the superintending staff;

7. Environmental Management
Comprehensive environmental management will form part of our programme e.g. control of
river pollution, soil and air pollution. Reinstating of the borrow pits or fencing off, proper
disposal of wastes and toxic substances.

8. Communication Management

We shall ensure proper Channels of Communication as a significant predictor of overall project

implementation.
Act of passing the necessary information and details in regard to the implementation of a project
to the implementing team and interest groups
The researcher observed that, there is a strong appreciation of the importance of project
communication and its importance within the industry. Indeed, various levels and channels of
communications have been established within the clients and consultants or consultants and
contractors.

9. Procurement Management

The procurement of construction materials will be based on just in time delivery systems (JITS)
methods, with zero tolerance to defects and waste. This will minimize the variations that might
affect quality and cost i.e. the materials purchased must be accompanied by test certificates from
the manufacturer;

We shall involve good procurement management systems with suppliers from reliable sources
and with high quality products that are cost effective.
10. Human Resource Management
As part of our quality assurance programme, we shall deploy qualified Engineers, Foremen,
Technicians and Surveyors for the Superintendence and management of the project; it is our
wish to furnish the Engineer with a quality control programme to be incorporated into the works
before any construction activity is started.

Our highly motivated key staff and technical personnel have considerable experience in road
construction and will provide proper supervision and superintendence to the satisfaction of the
supervising representative.

We shall also engage locals in the positions of unskilled, semiskilled and skilled labour as per
the local content requirements and regulations

11. Stakeholder Management

Our project managers shall involve stakeholders in project planning, implementation, and
execution to the greatest extent possible to avoid facing challenges including delays in
completion, cost overruns, and poor quality.

We shall team up with all the stakeholders involved in road projects so that we can take over the
management and aid in running the projects. Effective training and development before, during
and after project delivery is essential in enhancing their participation.

The approach, such as conflict management framework and legal intervent ion sought at law
courts, taken in accepting, assessing, resolving and monitoring minor concerns or long-term
issues relating to project implementation and interest groups
WORK SAFETY MANAGEMENT

1.0. Personal Protective Equipment

All employees and visitors at the construction site are advised to put on PPE.
These includes:-
➢ helmets or head gears,
➢ reflector jackets,
➢ hand gloves,
➢ industrial safety shoes,
➢ eye goggles,
➢ ear masks when operating noisy machines.

2.0. Signage.
Temporary road signs shall be provided on both approaches to for warm motorists of work in progress
and the existence of any deviation. The sign boards shall bear and not limited to warming signs and
information signs, with clearly depicted signals, speed limits etc.

Some of the traffic signs include:-

✓ Traffic sign boards (warning signs) stop and go ,
✓ traffic cones,
✓ barriers,
✓ traffic control personnel with red and green flags,

These shall be erected/and utilized to warm and slow traffic in either direction.

3.0. Delineation of Construction and Passage of traffic

To enable smooth flow of both vehicular and human traffic along the road diversion may have to be
provided along the shoulders, especially where work space is inadequate, but these shall be kept as
practical as possible. In some sections, vehicular traffic will be channelled to one lane during shoulder,
sub base and base extension works. This shall necessitate closure of the lane under construction and
control of traffic by ‘stop’ and ‘go’ signs.
During the carriageway overlying and surfacing works, construction shall be half width to allow
controlled passage of traffic on one lane. If the operation necessitates whole width construction, then a
diversion shall be constructed along the shoulders and this shall also apply for pavement carriageway
concreting. The mode of diversion construction shall be as outlined thus.
Deviation Construction.
The mode of diversion construction shall be a gravel road of width 6.0m and depending on the
topography with consideration to water drainage to allow ingress and egress of water. Gravelling and
compaction shall be done by a motorized grader and a roller respectively, after top soil stripping, grading
and compaction to camber of the OGL. The finished gravel depth shall be [Link] drains shall be
allowed for and consideration given to the level of the road in relation to the original ground level.

4.0 Passage of Traffic at Night

Diversions for the passage of traffic at night will be made of road barriers with light in the form of arrows
indicating the direction of the diversion to be taken. The actual route to be taken will be clearly indicated
by emitting lights embedded on the diversion barriers or boards.
Appropriate signs indicating the speed limits will also be erected with reflective signs at night.
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
1.01. Traffic Control & Diversion
To enable smooth flow of both vehicular and human traffic along the road diversion may have to be
provided along the shoulders, especially where work space is inadequate, but these shall be kept as
practical as possible. In some sections, vehicular traffic will be channelled to one lane during shoulder,
sub base and base extension works. This shall necessitate closure of the lane under construction a nd
control of traffic by ‘stop’ and ‘go’ signs. Traffic sign boards (warning signs), traffic cones, barriers,
traffic control personnel, etc. shall be erected/and utilized to warm and slow traffic in either direction.
During the carriageway overlying and surfacing works, construction shall be half width to allow
controlled passage of traffic on one lane. If the operation necessitates whole width construction, then a
diversion shall be constructed along the shoulders and this shall also apply for pavement carriageway
concreting. The mode of diversion construction shall be as outlined thus.

1.02. Personal Protective Equipment

All employees and visitors at the construction site are advised to put on PPE. These includes helmets or
head gears, reflector jackets, hand gloves, industrial safety shoes, eye goggles, ear masks when operating
noisy machines.
1.03. Deviation Construction.
The mode of diversion construction shall be a gravel road of width 6.0m and depending on the topography
with consideration to water drainage to allow ingress and egress of water. Gravelling and compaction
shall be done by a motorized grader and a roller respectively, after top soil stripping, grading and
compaction to camber of the OGL. The finished gravel depth shall be [Link] drains shall be allowed
for and consideration given to the level of the road in relation to the original ground level.
1.04. Signage.
Temporary road signs shall be provided on both approaches to for warm motorists of work in progress
and the existence of any deviation. The sign boards shall bear and not limited to warming signs and
information signs, with clearly depicted signals, speed limits etc.
1.05. Maintenance.
In cases of deterioration of the wearing surface of the road, periodic and routine maintenance shall be
conducted and if necessary re-gravelling. After completion of the deviation road, traffic will be diverted
and obstacles /restrictive measures applied to close the road section under construction. This shall be in
the form of gravel piles, boulders or any suitable, visible deterring blockades to both the approach and
exit. This will thus signals start of the main works. Before opening to traffic, the Supervising Engineer
shall approve the temporary works.
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- (Signature of
Contractor) (Date)
 KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER PLAN

1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Knowledge Transfer Strategy and Plan provides a comprehensive approach to transfer the
responsibility for maintenance and operations from the project Implementer to the Community. It
is a goal of this plan to address both technical and functional turnover and knowledge transfer.

The plan includes the resources, staffing, training, methods, milestones and tasks required to
accomplish the knowledge transfer. By way of reference, the plan also includes procedures to
verify and transfer, to the Community

Our collective abilities in development and execution of plans, along with early identification and
mitigation of risks, are lessons learned from previous project implementations. These lessons
proved that working one-on-one within the Community will be a key component in the
Community’s knowledge transfer goals and expectations.

1.1 Strategy
With the goals of the Community and
the program in mind, our team
proposes to facilitate knowledge
transfer through a coordinated set of
tasks aligned with multip le
communication methods, across all
impacted organizations and teams.
This strategy will allow the proper
planning, delivery, documentatio n,
and validation of all knowledge
transfer activities throughout the
program. See Figure 1. Capacity
development process as it applies to
the Community. Figure 1.
In the context of this project, knowledge transfer is the practical problem of transferring both
explicit and implicit knowledge from the Project implementer to the various stakeholders in the
Community. This will provide the Community the opportunity to self-operate the selected solutio n
and maintain ongoing operational and organizational knowledge and capabilities for self-
sufficiency.

1.2 Guiding Principles of Knowledge Transfer

The following are our guiding principles for an effective knowledge transfer:

• Taking a holistic approach to knowledge transfer that considers such factors as

technology, generational differences, cultural diversity, and learning styles.
• One size does not fit all - each community will have unique needs and require unique
solutions.
• Knowledge transfer should be timely, relevant, and efficient.
• Givers and receivers of knowledge should be involved in every step of the knowledge
transfer process.
• Communication is the key to effective knowledge transfer.

Our team will work directly with the Community staff and guide key stakeholders to ensure they
have a thorough understanding of each of these guiding principles and how they can leverage them
to achieve positive impact on the success of the program. For example, when done effective ly,
Knowledge transfer contributes to a culture of learning and adapting, setting the stage for a
sustainable communal capability that can handle changes and adapt to changes that may come in
the future.

1.3 Barriers to Knowledge Transfer

Our team will conduct workshops with all teams involved in the knowledge transfer process to
identify potential barriers to the actual transfer of knowledge and discover solutions to overcome
them as quickly as possible. Some barriers to knowledge transfer are detailed below:

1. The knowledge giver does not recognize that certain knowledge or information they have
is valuable, and as a result it is does not get transferred. This often happens when
knowledge is intangible or “soft.” Examples include process rationales and nuances that
seem self-explanatory after years in the role, but would be unclear to someone new.

2. There is a lack of standardized mechanisms or procedures for capturing knowledge. This

makes knowledge transfer more difficult and time-consuming for both the giver and
receiver. The tools and methods provided in this Knowledge Transfer Plan will help make
the process more efficient and effective.

3. Poor communication skills can be an issue. Being an expert at the job does not mean an
 individual can easily explain processes and pass on essential knowledge to others. This
needs to be taken into consideration when identifying methods to transfer knowledge

1.4 Relationship to Other Plans

Knowledge transfer is a continuous process, which is inclusive of, and executed in unison with,
multiple implementation plans. Table 1. Relationship to Other Plans shows the relationship of the
Knowledge Transfer Plan to other plans.
Table 1. Relationship to Other Plans
PLAN RELATIONSHIP
Detailed Project Plan Schedule of project tasks by the project
implementer consistent with timeline and
deliverables across all phases.
Project Management Services Plan Defines how the project will be managed across
all phases.
Project Management Strategy and Comprises a series of deliverables to be defined
Plan by the PI that will achieve appropriate levels of
stakeholder understanding, engagement,
adoption and endorsement of the program.

Training Strategy and Plan Details the end user training plan and strategy.

2.0 THE KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER PROCESS

Understanding the critical elements of successful
knowledge transfer process is key to its success.
It is our team’s experience that a detailed
analysis of each area, and development of tools
to assure the correct tools are in place, are key to
risk mitigation and overall success. The key
steps to the knowledge transfer process are
shown in Figure 2. Knowledge Transfer Process
and detailed below.

1. Identify Essential Knowledge

Knowledge does not exist in a vacuum. It
must be defined in terms of its context,
impact, application and contact Figure 2. Knowledge Transfer
information, and it should be prioritized Process
based on the level of urgency in the Knowledge Transfer Plan. Through working sessions
with all roles involved in the knowledge transfer process, the essential knowledge to be
transferred will be identified.
 2. Identify Who Has the Knowledge
Most successful transfer efforts actively involve both the source of the knowledge, the
giver, and the person or persons receiving the knowledge, the receiver. This process of
identifying each will be performed through the development of a knowledge base matrix,
which will identify both where the knowledge to be transferred resides, as well as where it
will be transferred to.

3. Identify to Whom the Knowledge Should be transferred

This step requires identifying who needs to receive the knowledge and is an integral part
of the transfer process.

4. Select Knowledge Transfer Tools and Methods to Capture and Transfer the
Knowledge
Deciding on the desired outcome and clarifying expectations for the knowledge transfer
will not only help in selecting the best tools to use, but will also establish key objectives.
Our team will work together with the Community to select the appropriate tools, in
consideration of the receiver’s learning style. After which the receiver begins to acquire
and apply the knowledge.

5. Monitor and Evaluate

All knowledge transfer activities will be monitored and evaluated to determine success
rates, through the established documentation and communication plan, and allow for any
modifications to be made as quickly as possible to support risk mitigation.

2.1 Knowledge Transfer Methods

Knowledge transfer during implementation will be based on two alternative methods:

1. Exploration-oriented knowledge transfer, which involves the super users in the actual
implementation process
2. Instruction-oriented, which involves no end users in the implementation process and they
only participate in the instruction portion of the knowledge transfer process

2.2 Resources and Staffing

We will manage our internal staffing resources dynamically, using matrix resources to fill short-
term needs. New skills identified for the project will be assessed and fulfilled through training or
by acquiring staff with the new skill.
Staffing levels will be reviewed quarterly by the Project Manager (PM) to determine if staffing
actions are needed. Staffing level is one of the performance metrics monitored on the program

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(Signature of Contractor) (Date)