ARCHITECTURAL
DRAWING
THE CENTRAL TASK OF ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING IS
REPRESENTING THREE- DIMENSIONAL FORMS,
CONSTRUCTIONS, AND SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT ON A TWO-
DIMENSIONAL SURFACE.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
THREE TYPES OF DRAWING SYSTEM
■ MULTIVIEW DRAWINGS
■ PARALINE DRAWINGS
■ PERSPECTIVE DRAWINGS
MULTIVIEW DRAWINGS
■ MULTIVIEW DRAWINGS CONSIST OF PLANS, SECTIONS AND ELEVATIONS.
■ THE PRINCIPLE FACE IN EACH VIEW IS ORIENTED PARALLEL TO THE PICTURE PLANE.
■ PROJECTION SYSTEM: ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION.
PARALINE DRAWINGS
PERSPECTIVE DRAWINGS
MULTIVIEW
DRAWINGS
MULTIVIEW DRAWINGS COMPRISE THE DRAWING TYPES WE KNOW AS PLANS,
ELEVATIONS AND SECTIONS. EACH IS AN ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION OF A
PARTICULAR ASPECT OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECT OR CONSTRUCTION. THE
ABILITY TO REGULATE SIZE. PLACEMENT, AND CONFIGURATION ALSO MAKES
MULTIVIEW DRAWINGS USEFUL IN COMMUNICATION THE GRAPHIC INFORMATION
NECESSARY FOR THE DESCRIPTION, FABRICATION, AND CONSTRUCTION OF A DESIGN.
FLOOR PLANS
■ A FLOOR PLAN REPRESENTS A SECTION OF A BUILDING
AS IT WOULD APPEAR IF CUT THROUGH BY A
HORIZONTAL PLANE WITH THE UPPER PORTION
REMOVED.
■ THE FLOOR PLAN IS AN ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION OF
THE PORTION THAT REMAINS.
■ FLOOR PLANS TYPICALLY SHOW THE CONFIGURATION OF
WALLS AND COLUMNS, THE SHAPE AND DIMENSIONS
OF SPACES, THE PATTERN OF DOOR AND WINDOW
OPENINGS, AND THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN SPACES
AS WELL AS BETWEEN INSIDE AND OUTSIDE.
■ THE PLANE OF THE HORIZONTAL CUT IS USUALLY
LOCATED ABOUT 4 FT, ABOVE THE FLOOR , BUT THIS
HEIGHT CAN VARY ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF THE
BUILDING DESIGN.
■ THE HORIZONTAL SECTION CUTS THROUGH ALL WALLS
AND COLUMNS, AS WELL AS THROUGH MOST WINDOW
AND ALL DOOR OPENINGS.
■ BEYOND THE PLANE OF THE CUT, WE SEE THE FLOOR,
COUNTERS, TABLE TOPS AND SIMILAR HORIZONTAL
SURFACES.
DRAWING A FLOOR PLAN
■ This series of drawings illustrate the sequence in which a plan drawing is executed.
■ This sequence can vary, depending on the nature of building design being drawn,
always try to proceed from the most continous, regulating elements to those that are
contained or defined by the elements.
■ First established the major lines that regulate the position of the structural elements
and walls.
■ A grid of centerlines is a convenient and effective means of indicating a structural or
modular system.
■ Next give proper thickness to the major walls and other structural elements such as
posts and columns.
■ Proceed by drawing such elements as windows, doorways and stairways.
■ Finally, delineate such details as doors and door swings, stair treads and railings,
and built -in furnishings.
DRAWING A FLOOR PLAN
DRAWING A FLOOR PLAN
Defining a Cut Plan
Defining a Cut Plan
Defining a Cut Plan
Defining a Cut Plan
Defining a Cut Plan
ELEVATIONS
■ AN ELEVATION IS AN ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION OF AN OBJECT OR CONSTRUCTION
ON A VERTICAL PICTURE PLANE PARALLEL TO ONE OF ITS PRICIPAL FACES.
■ A BUILDING ELEVATION IS
THE IMAGE OF THE
BUILDING PROJECTED
ORTHOGRAPHICALLY ONTO A
VERTICAL PICTURE PLANE.
BUILDING ELEVATIONS
CONVEY THE EXTERNAL
APPEARANCE OF A
BUILDING COMPRESSED
INTO A SINGLE PLANE OF
PROJECTION.
■ THEY CAN ALSO ILLUSTRATE
THE TEXTURE AND PATTERN
OF CLADDING MATERIALS AS
WELL AS THE LOCATION,
TYPE AND DIMENSIONS OF
WINDOW AND DOOR
OPENINGS.
SECTIONS
■ IT IS AN ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION OF AN OBJECT AS IT WOULD APPEAR IF CUT
THROUGH BY INTERSECTING PLANE. IT OPENS UP AN OBJECT TO REVEAL ITS INTERNAL
MATERIAL, COMPOSITION OR ASSEMBLY.
■ TO DISTINGUISH A BUILDING SECTION FROM A FLOOR PLAN, THE PLANE OF THE CUT OF
THE SECTION IS VERTICAL.
BUILDING SECTIONS
■ A BUILDING SECTIONS REVEAL THE SHAPE AND
VERTICAL SCALE OF INTERIOR SPACES, THE
IMPACT OF WINDOW AND DOOR OPENINGS ON
THESE SPACES AND THE VERTICAL
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE INTERNAL SPACES
AS WELL AS BETWEEN INSIDE AND OUTSIDE.
■ BEYOND THE PLANE OF THE CUT WE SEE
ELEVATIONS OF INTERIOR WALLS AS WELL AS
OBJECTS AND EVENTS THAT OCCUR IN FRONT OF
THEM BUT BEHIND THE VERTICAL PLANE OF THE
SECTION CUT.
■ THE CONVENTIONAL SYSMBOL FOR INDICATING THE
LOCATION OF THE SECTION CUT IN A PLAN DRAWING IS A
BROKEN LINE OF LONG SEGMENTS SEPARATED BY SHORT
DASHES OR DOTS,
■ IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO DRAW THE SECTION LINE ACROSS
AN THE ENTIRE FLOOR PLAN BUT IT SHOULD AT LEAST
OVERLAP THE EXTERIOR BOUNDARIES OF THE BUILDING.
■ AN ARROW AT THE END OF EACH LINE POINTS IN THE
DIRECTION OF THE VIEW.
The Section Cut
■ BUULDING SECTIONS SHOULD BE CUT IN A CONTINOUS MANNER, PARALLEL TO A MAJOR
SET OF WALLS. USE JOGS OR OFFSETS IN THE CUTTING PLANE ONLY WHEN ABSOLUTELY
NECESSARY.
■ FOR BUILDINGS HAVING A SYMMETRICAL PLAN, THE LOGICAL LOCATION FOR A SECTION CUT
IS ALONG THE AXIS OF SYMMETRY.
■ IN ALL OTHER SITUATIONS, CUT BUILDING SECTIONS THROUGH THE MOST SIGNIFICANT
SPACES AND LOOK IN A DIRECTION THAT REVEALS THE PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF THE
SPACES.
■ A SINGLE SECTION IS NOT USUALLY SUFFICIENT TO ILLUSTRATE THESE QUALITIES UNLESS A
BUILDING IS EXTREMELY SIMPLE.