Chapter 3
Cell – The Structure and Function
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:
1. Zacharias Janssen in 1590s
2. Robert Hooke
3. The three essential parts of cell are as follow:
a) Cell membrane – A thin membrane which surrounds every living cell.
It also acts as a barrier that controls what enter and exit the cell.
b) Cytoplasm – It is the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of the cells.
It is composed of water, salts, enzyme and various organic molecules.
c) The Nucleus – It is a double membrane organelle that contain the
genetic material.
4. Cell membrane allows only certain specific substance like nutrients,
water and oxygen to pass through it while blocking others. That is why
cell membrane is selectively permeable.
5. (i)
Nucleus Nucleolus
Large membrane- bound organelle A dense, non- membrane bound
containing the cell’s genetic region found inside the nucleus.
material
(ii)
Cytoplasm Protoplasm
The semi- liquid substance between The living substance of the cell,
the cell membrane and the nuclear which includes both the cytoplasm
membrane. and nucleus.
(iii)
Cell wall Cell Membrane
It is the rigid, fully permeable outer It is the flexible, selectively
layer in plant cells. permeable membrane in all living
cells.
6. Chromosomes are important because they carry genes (DNA) which
contain hereditary information or responsible for transmitting
characteristics from parents to offspring. They also direct cell
development.
10. (ii) Chloroplast, Chromoplast, Leucoplast
(iii) Nuclear membrane, Nuclear pores, Nucleoplasm, Nucleolus,
Chromosomes
(iv) Cell wall and Plastids
(v) Semipermeable membrane
Permeable Membrane
11. (i) Nerve cells – It conduct message in the form of impulse between the
brain and body parts.
(ii) Genes – It transmit characteristics from parents to offspring.
(iv) Muscle cells – It contract and relax to bring movements in body
parts.
12. (v) Chloroplast are green colour plastid containing green colour
pigment called chlorophyll that traps the sunlight.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:
1. Nuclear membrane – A double layered envelope enclosing the
nucleus containing nuclear pore for exchange of materials.
Nucleoplasm – The dense, fluid found inside the nuclear membrane.
Nucleolus – It is the small darker bodies rich in RNA responsible for
making ribosome.
Chromosome – These are thread -like structure made up of DNA and
protein.
4. Cell division is the biological process in which parent cell divides into
two or more daughter cells.
a. Growth- Cell division increases the total number of cells allowing a
multicellular organism to grow in size.
b. Repair- It replace damaged cell or repair it.
c. Reproduction- cell division is essential for forming gametes in
sexual reproduction.
d. Replacement – It constantly replace dead cells such as skin cells
and RBCs.
5. (i) Human Epithelial or Cheek cells
(ii) 1-Cytoplasm
2- Nucleus
3- cell membrane
(iii) Nucleus regulates and coordinates the various life processes of
the cell.
(iv) Methylene blue stain
(v) 46 Chromosomes
6. (i) Animal cell because no cell wall is present.
(ii) the Vacuole – It is large and centrally present in cytoplasm in case
of plants and small in animal cells.
(iii) Nuclear Membrane
(iv) Mitochondria, Ribosomes