Computer Fundamental
Lesson – 1
Introduction of Windows Operating System
What is an Operating System?
The operating system is the core software components of your computer. It performs many
functions and is, in very basic terms, an interface between your computer and the outside world. In
the section about hardware, a computer is described as consisting of several component parts
including your monitor, keyboard, mouse, and other parts.
The operating system provides an interface to these parts using what is referred to as “drives”.
This is why sometimes when you install a new printer or other piece of hardware, your system will
ask you to install more software called a drive.
Operating System controls every command of computer system. Without Operating System,
Computer is just like a collection of parts.
Types of Operating System
There are four types of operating systems.
1. MS - DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System)
2. Windows (Microsoft Company)
3. Unix
4. Linux Product of Red hat Company
Microsoft Windows Operating Systems
The most common is the Microsoft suite of operating systems. They include from most recent to
the oldest:
• Windows 10 is the latest version of Microsoft's Windows operating system, for personal
computers, tablets, embedded devices and internet of things devices. ... Windows
10 features built-in capabilities that allow corporate IT departments to use mobile device
management (MDM) software to secure and control devices running the operating system.
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• Windows 8 This is the second newly version of windows operating systems by Microsoft. A
version used by many businesses on workstation. It has the ability to work in Desktop /
Laptop and Mobile Technology.
• Windows 7 - The windows 7 is third newly version of windows operating systems by
Microsoft. A version used by many businesses on workstation. It has the ability to become a
member of a corporate domain.
• Windows Vista- A version used by many businesses on workstation. It has the ability to
become a member of a corporate domain.
• Windows XP - A lower cost version of Windows XP Which is for home use only and should
not be used at a business.
• Windows 2000 - A better version of the Windows NT 0operating system which works well
both at home and as a workstation at a business. It includes technologies which allow
hardware to be automatically detected and other enhancements over Windows NT.
• Windows ME - An upgraded version from windows 98 but it has been historically plagued
with programming errors which may be frustrating for home users.
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• Windows 98- This was produced in two main versions. The first Windows 98 version was
plagued with programming errors but the Windows 98 Second Edition which came out later
was much better with many errors resolved.
• Windows 95- The first version of Windows after the older Windows 3.x version offering a
better interface and better library functions for programs.
Parts of Windows Operating System:
1. Desktop
2. My Document
3. My Computer
4. Recycle Bin
5. Paint
6. Notepad
7. Word pad
8. Explore
9. Search
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Lesson – 2
Windows Operating System
The Desktop
The Desktop is the work area on a Windows screen where you are make to work. It is called
the Desktop because Windows uses, whole screen in a way that is similar to the way you use
the top of your desk. As you work in Windows, you move items on the Desktop, retrieve and put
away items and perform many other day-to-day task.
Desktop
Icons
Start Menu
Task Bar
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Icons and their Types
An icon is a graphic object that shows a program or a file on your monitor. The different types
of icons are described in the successive sub-sections.
System Icons
System icons are displayed along left edge of the screen. These objects are created
automatically by Windows XP during its installation. The five system icons are explained in the
following table.
Shortcut Icons
These are the icons with small arrows in the lower left corner. A shortcut icon provides easy
access to some objects on your system, such as a program, a document, or a printer, etc.
The shortcut icon only contains information about the location of the object but not the
object itself.
Program, folder and Document Icons
These are non-system icons without arrows and they represent the actual objects they
describe.
How to Manage Desktop
If you want to do some changes on the Screen and you want to give some effect then you
can use desktop properties.
Right click on Mouse Button and select properties option
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1. My Documents
This represents a folder that is used by many programs for stating the documents. This is
used for store files and folders.
2. My Computer
My computer icon lets you browse through all the resources attached to your PC. When you
click on my computer icon, a Windows Explorer opens. Windows Explorer is a program
that Windows uses to display folder contents. This windows includes icons for each of the
computer’s disk drive (floppy disk, Hard disk , CD-ROM etc.)
3. Recycle Bin
Files and folder deleted from your hard drive are not actually deleted but transferred to the Recycle
Bin. The Recycle Bin icon appears on the desktop and looks like a waste paper basket. When you
open the icon, a Folder window opens, displaying the files and folder that have been deleted since
the Recycle Bin was last empting. In effect, the Recycle Bin works like a folder.
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4. File Management through Windows Explorer
File and folder are two of the most fundamental concepts of the Windows operating system. You
create and organize files and folder as soon as you save your work in a PC.
File
A file is any collection of related information that is given a name and stored on a disk so that i can
be read and manipulated whenever required.
(A file can contain any kind of information: a program or application or a document; a part of a
document, such as a table or a graphic; a sound or a piece of music, etc.)
Folder
As you work in windows you would see that hard disk contains hundreds of files even before you
start creating your own files. It would be impossible to keep track of all these files if they are not
arranged properly. (A folder is a special kind of file that contains a list of other files or subfolders.
The files on the list are said to be in the folder.
How to create a Folder
In the Windows Explorer click the File menu and choose New. Alternatively, right click an
empty area of the desktop and choose New
Deleting Files and Folder
▪ Select the object to be deleted in Folder or Windows Explorer
▪ Window
▪ Click the Delete button on the toolbar.
▪ Click yes in the dialog box.
Explore
This option is used to shift the Files and Folders from one location to another location.
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How to use explore
a) Right click on start menu
b) Go to Explore option
c) Select the File and Folder from one location with Right button
d) Drop the File and Folder to another location.
Search
This option is used to search the Files and Folders.
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Lesson – 3
Windows Operating System
Paint Brush
MS-Paint is a graphical program that can be used for drawing picture. MS-Paint is bit-mapped
program. Its drawing consists of a series of dots called pixels that can be controlled by you.
Extension - .png (Portable network graphics)
.bmp (bit mapped program) --- It was used earlier.
Steps to start the paint program:
Left Click on Start Button
All Programs
Accessories
Paint Click
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Paint Brush Screen
Minimum Size of the Page – 12.5%
Maximum Size of the Page – 800%
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Notepad
The notepad is also one of the products in Accessories group. It is used for simple typing. It can be
used for writing notes, e-mails messages, etc. It is useful for editing and storing all textual data.
Notepad is specially used for HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language).
Extension – .txt (Text)
Steps to start Notepad:
Left Click on Start Button
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All Programs
Accessories
Notepad Click
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Notepad Screen
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WordPad
Word Pad is a word Processor inbuilt with Windows XP. It has less word processing facilities than
word 2007
Extension - .RTF (Rich Text Format)
Steps to start WordPad:
Left Click on Start Button
All Programs
Accessories
WordPad Click
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WordPad Screen
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