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Digital Radiographic Testing
Principle: The principle of industrial digital radiography is to use penetrating ionizing
radiation (X-rays or gamma rays) and digital detectors to produce images of the internal
structure of materials, revealing hidden flaws without causing [Link] traditional
radiography, which uses chemical-based film, digital radiography uses electronic sensors or
reusable plates to record data.
Emission: A radiation source (X-ray tube or radioactive isotope) emits rays toward the
target.
Penetration: Radiation passes through the object. Different materials, thicknesses, and
densities absorb or scatter radiation at different rates.
Detection: A digital detector on the opposite side captures the remaining radiation.
Digitization: Electronic sensors convert this radiation directly (or indirectly via light) into
digital signals, forming a high-resolution digital signals, forming a high-resolution image.
image.
Fig 1:Digital Industrial Radiography
Working Procedure:
Surface Preparation and Setup:First, we ensured the welded section of the
steel plate was clean and free of surface irregularities that could be mistaken for
internal defects. We then positioned the X-ray source on one side of the weld and the
Digital detector array or imaging plate(IP) on the opposite side.
Fig 2: Testpiece
Fig 2: Testpiece
Fig 3: Testpiece under the x-ray tube with imaging plate (IP)
Setting the X-ray Exposure: Once the setup was ready, we configured the X-ray
control panel with specific settings to penetrate the 10 mm steel. We set parameters as
follows :
Voltage: 160kV
Current: 5 mA
Time: 3 minutes 10 sec.
The background radiation was 0.52 µSv/hr
Fig 4: X-Ray Control Panel
Digital Acquisition: The radiation passed through the steel plate, being absorbed
more by the dense metal and less by any internal voids or cracks. The imaging plate
captured the varying intensities of the attenuated [Link] IP is then passed through
digital Radiographic scanner which coverts the absorbed x-ray energy into electrical
signal and presented as digital image in computer monitor.
Image Processing and Evaluation: Finally, we viewed the digital image on a
high-resolution monitor. We used CR 35, a portable radiography scanner and software
tools (IC) to acquire and process the image to inspect the weld for discontinuities like
porosity, slag inclusion, or lack of fusion. Because the data is digital, we were able to
measure the exact dimensions of any defects immediately and archive the results
without the need for chemical film processing
Applications of Digital Radiography
Weld inspection in oil and gas.
Aerospace component testing.
Automotive quality control.
Power plant maintenance.
Electronic assembly inspection.
Advantages
Real-time results
Higher sensitivity and latitude
Digital storage and sharing
Lower radiation dose
No processing chemical requird.
Limitations
High initial cost
Fragility of equipment
Limited portability in tight spaces
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