ITM SLS BARODA UNIVERSITY
B. Tech. Semester I (SOCSET)
DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS (SOS)
Subject: Applied Linear Algebra and Calculus with Python(S2122C2)
Tutorial – I Unit 1 : Matrix Theory
PART-A -THEORY QUESTIONS
Q1. Define a matrix with its types.
Q2. State properties of Row-Echelon and Reduced row echelon form of a matrix.
Q3. Define a system of linear equations with the type of solution.
Q4. Define the rank of a matrix and its normal form.
Q5. Write properties of eigenvalues.
Q6. State Cayley-Hamilton theorem.
PART-B-MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) Null matrix is always a ……………form of matrix
(a) Row-Echelon (b) Reduce Row-Echelon
(c) Both (d) None of these
2) The system of linear equations has a unique solution iff
(a) Rank (A) = Rank (A|B) = number of unknowns
(b) Rank (A) ≠ Rank (A|B)
(c ) Rank (A) = Rank (A|B) ≠ number of unknowns
(d) Rank (A) ≠ Rank (A|B) ≠ number of unknowns
3) The system of linear equations has infinite solutions iff
(a) Rank (A) = Rank (A|B) = number of unknowns
(b) Rank (A) ≠ Rank (A|B)
(c ) Rank (A) = Rank (A|B) ≠ number of unknowns
(d) Rank (A) ≠ Rank (A|B) ≠ number of unknowns
4) The system of linear equations has no solution iff
(a) Rank (A) = Rank (A|B) = number of unknowns
(b) Rank (A) ≠ Rank (A|B)
(c ) Rank (A) = Rank (A|B) ≠ number of unknowns
(d) Rank (A) ≠ Rank (A|B) ≠ number of unknowns
5) The system of homogeneous linear equations has ………. Solution always.
(a) Non-trivial (b) Trivial
(c ) Infinite many (d) No-solution
6) What is the determinant of a matrix A, whose eigenvalues are 2,6,1
(a) 9 (b) 13
(c ) 12 (d) None of these
7) What is the trace of a matrix A, whose eigenvalues are 2,6,1
(a) 9 (b) 13
(c ) 12 (d) None of these
Department of Applied Mathematics Applied Linear Algebra and Calculus with Python (S2122C2)
8) If the eigenvalues of a matrix A are 1,0,9, which of the following statements are true for A:
(a) A is not invertible (b) Trace of A is 11
(c ) |A| = 0 (d) A is invertible
9) A matrix is diagonalizable then, which of the following statements are true:
(a) Matrix must be square. (b) Eigenvalues are distinct
(c) All eigenvalues are equal (d) None of these
10) Which of the following is a correct statement of the Cayley-Hamilton theorem:
(a) Every matrix satisfies its characteristic equation.
(b) Every square matrix satisfies its characteristic equation.
(c) Every square matrix does not satisfy its characteristic equation.
(d) None of these
PART-C-NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
Q1. Change the following matrices into Row-Echelon and then Reduced Row-Echelon:
[ ] [ ]
2 2 2 −6 2
(1) A= −2 5 2 (4) A= 1 3
8 1 4 4 3
[ ]
1 2 1
[ ]
6 1 1 −4 6 1 1
(2) A= 2 −3 −1 0 (5) A= 2 −3 −1
−1 1 −2 7 −1 7 −2
1 −1 0
(3) A= [−36 −4 −3 6
2 4 5 ]
Q2. Find the Rank of the following matrices using Row-Echelon form:
[ ] [ ]
1 0 0 0
2 3 1
(1) A= 4 3 1 (2) A= 1 0 0 0
1 3 5 0
1 2 4
1 3 5 7
Q3. Find the Rank of the following matrices using the determinant:
[ ] [ ]
3 −4 4 1 6 4
(1) A= 2 −3 4 (2) A= 2 4 −1
0 −1 1 −1 2 5
Q4. Change the following into Normal form and hence state their rank:
[ ] [ ]
1 2 3 1
7 6 2
1 3 3 2
(1) A= (2) A= 1 2 4
2 3 3 3
3 6 8
1 1 1 1
Department of Applied Mathematics Applied Linear Algebra and Calculus with Python (S2122C2)
Q5. Find the inverse (if possible) of the following matrices using elementary row operations:
[ ] [ ]
2 1 0 −2 2 −3
(1) A= 0 2 1 (2) A= 2 1 −6
0 0 3 −1 −2 0
Q6. Solve using the Gauss-elimination method:
(i) x + y + z=6 , x+ 2 y +3 z=14 , x + 4 y +9 z=36
(ii) 2 x−3 y +7 z=5 , 3 x + y−3 z=13 ,2 x+ 19 y−47 z=32
(iii) 2 x− y−z=7 ,3 x−2 y−2 z=10 , 12 x − y−7 z=19
(iv) 4 x+ 2 y + z +3 w=0 , 6 x+ 3 y+ 4 z +7 w=0 , 2 x + y + w=0
(v) 2 u+v +2 w=0 , u+ v+ w=0 , 4 u+ 3 v +w=0
Q7. Solve using the Gauss-Jordan elimination method:
(i) 2 y +3 z=7 , 3 x +6 y −12 z=−3 ,5 x−2 y +2 z =−7
(ii) x + y + z=1 ,3 x− y−z=4 , x+5 y +5 z=−1
(iii) x +2 y−3 z+ w=−2 ,3 x− y −2 z−4 w=1 , 2 x +3 y−5 z +w=−3
(iv) 2 a+b +3 c=0 , a+2 b=0 , b+ c=0
(v) 2 x+ 2 y + 4 z=0 , w− y−3 z=0 ,2 w+ 3 x + y + z=0 ,−2 w+ x +3 y−2 z=0
Q8. Find eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the following matrices:
(1) A= [ 82 −42 ] (2) A= [ 12 24]
[ ] [ ]
3 0 0 8 −6 2
(3) A= 1 2 0 (4) A= −6 7 −4
4 6 5 2 −4 3
Q9. Find the Eigenvalues of the following matrices, and also find the Eigenvalues for
2 −1 3 4
A , A , A , A +2 I
[ ]
1 0 −1
(1) A= [−5 2
2 −2 ] (2) A= 1 2 1
2 2 3
Q10. Find the algebraic and geometric multiplicity of Eigenvalues, and state whether the matrix is
diagonalizable.
[ ] [ ]
1 0 0 0 0 −2
(1) A= 1 2 0 (2) A= 1 2 1
−3 5 2 1 0 3
Department of Applied Mathematics Applied Linear Algebra and Calculus with Python (S2122C2)
Q11. For the following find the Modal matrix P such that P−1 AP=D
[ ] [ ]
1 6 1 5 10 8
(1) A= [1 0
−1 2 ] (2) A= 1 2 0
0 0 3
(3) A= 10 2 −2
8 −2 11
Q12. Verify the Cayley-Hamilton theorem for the following:
[ ] [ ]
1 2 −1 1 4 −3
(1) A= [ ] 3 4
1 2
(2) A= 0 1 −1
−2 −1 1
(3) A= 0 3 1
0 2 −1
Q13. Find inverse and A 4 for the following using the Cayley-Hamilton theorem:
[ ]
1 3 7
(i) A= [1 2
2 −1 ] (ii) ) A= 4 2 3
1 2 1
Q14. Do as directed:
(i) Find B= A 6−4 A 5 +8 A 4 −12 A 3+ 14 A 2 if A= [1 2
−1 3
.]
[ ]
2 1 1
(ii) Find the Characteristic equation of the matrix 0 1 0 and hence find the matrix represented by
1 1 2
8 7 6 5 4 3 2
A −5 A +7 A −3 A + A −5 A +8 A −2 A+ I .
Case- study (Application based)
Q1. Shows a network with four nodes in which the flow rate and direction of flow in certain branches
are known. Find the flow rates and directions of flow in the remaining branches.
Q2. The network in shows a proposed plan for the traffic flow around a new park that will house the
Liberty Bell in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The plan calls for a computerized traffic light at the north
exit on Fifth Street, and the diagram indicates the average number of vehicles per hour that are expected
to flow in and out of the streets that border the complex. All streets are one-way.
(a) How many vehicles per hour should the traffic light let through to ensure that the average number of
vehicles per hour flowing into the complex is the same as the average number of vehicles flowing out?
(b) Assuming that the traffic light has been set to balance the total flow in and out of the complex, what
Department of Applied Mathematics Applied Linear Algebra and Calculus with Python (S2122C2)
can you say about the average number of vehicles per hour that will flow along the streets that border the
complex?
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Department of Applied Mathematics Applied Linear Algebra and Calculus with Python (S2122C2)