INTELLIGENCE

 Product created through the process of planning, directing, collecting, collating, and analyzing
data for dissemination as useful information.

 Intelligence aids investigation by helping to target available resources and identifying

information gaps to focus the investigation more clearly (United Nations).

 A final product based on the information.

MILITARY INTELLIGENCE

 End product which concerns in the aspect of foreign nation or areas of operation.

 Knowledge of a possible or actual enemy or area of operations acquired by the collection,

evaluation and interpretation of military information.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE

 End product which concerns in criminal activity significant to police planning operation.

 This identifies individuals or groups of individuals in an effort to anticipate, prevent, or monitor

possible criminal activity.

INTELLIGENCE SERVICE

 An agency that chiefly gathers and evaluates information for a country’s political and military
leaders.

• FOREIGN INTERNAL SERVICE- gathers info about foreign countries and institutions.

• INTERNAL SECURITY SERVICE- seeks to neutralize hostile intelligence security services operating
within the country.

MAJOR INTELLIGENCE SERVICES IN THE PHILIPPINES

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE COORDINATING AGENCY (NICA)

 The primary intelligence gathering and analysis arm of the Philippine Government, in charge of
carrying out overt, covert and clandestine intelligence programs.

 Its motto is “Knowledge is Safety”.

NATIONAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION (NBI)

 A government agency primarily known for its role as a national clearinghouse for criminal cases
in the country.

 Undertakes efficient detection and investigation of crimes and other offenses against the laws of
the Philippines.

INTELLIGENCE SERVICE OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES (ISAFP)

  Heads the intelligence efforts of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.

 Governs the information and intelligence gathered by the Armed Forces of the Philippines.

HISTORY OF INTELLIGENCE

BIBLICAL BEGINNINGS

MOSES (Numbers 13:3-17)

 He sent 12 leaders of Israel to spy the land of Canaan.

RAHAB (Joshua 2:1-21)

 Employed the art of deception by concealing agents of Israel and duped their pursuers.

DELILAH (Judges 16:9)

 A biblical personality, she was able to gain information by using her beauty and charm, she was
responsible for the fall of Samson, a known Israelite leader and enemy of the Philistines.

PRE-MODERN TIMES

SUN TZU

 Author of the art of war.

 A Chinese philosopher who takes into account practical view in battle. According to him
foreknowledge cannot be elicited from spirits nor from gods nor from analogy with past events
nor from calculations.

 He further asserted that if you know thy enemy and know thyself, you need not fear the results
of a hundred of battles.

ALEXANDER THE GREAT

 A Greek Conqueror, was able to identify those who are disloyal to him by ordering the opening
of communication letter of his men and was successful in uplifting the esprit de corps and
morale of his men.

 Devised the first letter sorting and opening to obtain information.

GEN. ROMANO SERTURIUS SERTORIUS

 The Roman commander who possessed a white fawn and allowed it to become widely known
that he derived both secrets and guidance from the fawn. His intelligence agents credited their
information to the supernatural power of animals.

AKBAR

 The “Great Mogul” and sagacious master of Hidustan employed more than 4,000 agents for the
sole purpose of bringing him the truth that his throne might rest upon it.
GENGHIS KHAN

 A Mongol who used intelligence to conquer China and invade Cathay.

 He instructed his generals to send out spies and used prisoners as sources of information. They
collected information on the weaknesses of rivals by posting themselves as disguised merchants.

JULIUS CAESAR

 Established speculators who served as information collecting agency.

 The speculators where the first intelligence personnel to appear definitely in a military
organization.

 Military success of the Romans was aided by the communication system. Made use of pigeons
as carrier which made intelligence transmittal very fast.

RENAISSANCE PERIOD

SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM

 Employed spies to monitor activity of the enemy.

 Spymaster of England, protector to Queen Elizabeth I, and utilizes students as his agents.

 He gave England its first national secret service.

RENAISSANCE PERIOD

RICHLIEU

 Introduce the network of covert collectors.

LUIS XIV

 Introduced the systematized postal censorship.

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

 Organized two bureaus of intelligence (Bureau of Intelligence and Topographic Bureau).

 According to him “one spy in the right place is equivalent to 20,000 men in the field”.

KARL SCHULMEISTER

 Known as “Napoleon’s Eye”.

 Credited for establishing counter intelligence conducted against spies.

 He is a master of deceit who used black mail to obtain information pertaining to the personality
and identify the enemies of Napoleon during the 18th century.

ALFRED REDL
  One of the most brilliant, homosexual intelligence agents. A double spy who while working as
intelligence director of Austria and Hungary, spied for the Russians. In 1913, his treason was
discovered and he was forced to commit suicide. His treason led to the death of 500,000 agents
and soldiers combined in his 13 years espionage episode.

FREDERICK THE GREAT

 Father of organized military espionage.

 This Prussian master was able to classify his agents into four classes: common spies, double
spies, spies of consequence, and persons which are involuntarily led to undertake espionage.

HANNIBAL OF ROME

 Considered as the Father of Strategy.

 One of the brilliant military strategists in the history.

 He had developed an effective intelligence system for 15 years in Rome.

 Disguised as beggar to obtain information in the streets.

MAJOR GENERAL DONOVAN

 Called as Father of American Intelligence.

 Organizer of OSS a builder of Central Intelligence System during the World War 2 and renaming
it to Central Intelligence Agency now.

PRINCIPLES OF INTELLIGENCE

OBJECTIVITY

 It is a basic intelligence concept that there be unity between knowledge and action. Intelligence
must be adapted to the needs of the decision.

INTERDEPENDENCE

 Intelligence is artificially subdivided into component elements to ensure complete coverage,

eliminate duplication, and to reduce the overall task or manageable sizes. Each subdivision
remains as essential part of unity which will contribute proportionately to the end result.

CONTINUITY

 Intelligence must be continuous. What happens today could be studied in the light of what has
happened before which in turn would enable us to predict the shape of the things to come.

COMMUNICATION

 Intelligence must be communicated to all the decision makers in the manner that they will
understand and puts intelligence to its most effective use.

USEFULNESS
  Intelligence is useless if it remains in the minds or in the files of its collectors. The story must be
told.

SELECTION

 An intelligence should be essential and pertinent at the purpose at hand

TIMELINESS

 Intelligence must be communicated at the appropriate time to permit its most effective use.

NOTABLE INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATIONS

INTER-SERVICE INTELLIGENCE (ISI) PAKISTAN

 The Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence (Inter-Services Intelligence) is the premier

intelligence service of Pakistan, founded in1948.

 It has responsibilities of collecting information of critical national security and intelligence

assessment for Government of Pakistan.

CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (CIA) UNITED STATES

 CIA has been founded in 1947, considered as an independent and top agency in the whole
world.

 The prime functions include acquiring and analyzing information about foreigners, public
relations for required data and underground operations at the direction of the president of
United States. The agency headquarter is located in Langley, Virginia, a few miles west of
Washington.

SECRET INTELLIGENCE SERVICE (M16) UNITED KINGDOM

 MI6 formally known as the Secret Intelligence Service was created just before the World War I
for the possible reach the activities of the Imperial German government.

 The secret front line” of Britain`s national security has responsibilities to keep close eye on
internal and external terror activities, organizations and countries which could harm national
defense and state security.

FEDERAL SECURITY SERVICES (FSB) RUSSIA

 The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB) is the principal security agency of
the Russian Federation and the main successor agency to the USSR’s Committee of State
Security (KGB).

BUNDESNACHRICHTENDIENST (BND) RUSSIA

 The Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), Federal Intelligence Service was established prior to World
War II to spy the enemies’ strategies and plans, headquartered in Pullach near Munich. The
 main objective of Agency is surveillance of sensitive issues referred to domestic and foreign
intelligence.

AUSTRALIAN SECRET INTELLIGENCE SERVICE (ASIS) AUSTRALIA

 The Australian Secret Intelligent Service (ASIS) agency has been founded in 1951 by the
executive power of the Commonwealth, the mission of ASIS is ‘Protect and promote Australia’s
vital interests through the provision of unique foreign intelligence services as directed by
Government’.

MINISTRY OF STATE SECURITY (MSS) CHINA

 The Ministry of State Security (MSS) is the intelligence-security agency of the People’s Republic
of China, the headquarters located near the Ministry of Public Security of the People’s Republic
of China in Beijing.

 MSS is working parallel to the public security bureaus but has non-state security matters often
collaborate both for the large extent.

THE INSTITUTE FOR INTELLIGENCE AND SPECIAL OPERATION (MOSAD) ISRAEL

 MOSSAD is the intelligence agency of Israel, most active organization in the country committed
to collect intelligence involved in counter-terrorism and various covert operations.

 The director of agency is bound to report activities to the head of state Prime Minister of Israel.
Contrary to others MOSSAD is considered as most powerful agency due to scarce widened
resources, the undercover agents have been present in various countries to collect the valuable
information for the country.

 Mossad’s most notorious unit is the “Special Operations Division” or Metsada which has
involved in many assassinations and secret operations worldwide.

GENERAL DIRECTORATE FOR EXTERNAL SECURITY FRANCE

 External intelligence agency, operating under the direction of the French Ministry of Defense.

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE COORDINATING AGENCY (NICA) PHILIPINES

 The primary intelligence gathering and analysis arm of the Philippine Government, in charge of
carrying out overt, covert and clandestine intelligence programs.

 Its motto is “Knowledge is Safety”.

FORMS OF INTELLIGENCE

SOCIOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE

 Deals with the demographic and psychological aspects of groups of people.

BIOLOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS

 Deals with individuals’ personalities who have actual possession of power.

ARMED FORCE INTELLIGENCE

 Deals with the armed forces of the nation.

GEOGRAPHICAL INTELLIGENCE

 Deals with the progress of research and development as it affects the economic and military
potential of a nation.

TYPES OF POLICE INTELLIGENCE

POLICE STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE

 Processed information which is long ranged in nature. It is used to describe and define criminals
and their activities as well as provide insight of their Modus Operandi.

POLICE LINE INTELLIGENCE

 An intelligence that is immediate in nature. Such information must be updated to provide

effective aids in police operations.

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE

 It is the integrated product of intelligence developed by all governmental branches and

departments concerning the broad aspect of national security and policy.

 It is used to coordinate all the activities of the government in developing and executing
integrated and national policies and plans.

UNDERCOVER WORKS

 Is an investigative process in which disguises and pretext cover and deception are used to gain
the confidence of criminal suspects for the purpose of determining the nature and extent of any
criminal activities that maybe contemplating or perpetuating.

POLICE COUNTER INTELLIGENCE

 It is an activity which is intended to build an organization against the enemy by ensuring loyalty
of its members through stringent background investigation.

 It also seeks to deny the enemy of any information consisting of passive and active intelligence
measures.

 This is also known as Negative Intelligence. - phase of intelligence covering the activity devoted
in destroying the effectiveness of hostile foreign activities and the protection of information
against espionage, subversion and sabotage.

CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE (CRIMINT)

 Production of intelligence essential to the prevention of crimes and the investigation, arrests,
and prosecution of criminal offenders.

INTERNAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCE (INSINT)

  Refers to the knowledge essential to the maintenance of peace and order.

 Keeping peace within the borders of a sovereign state or other self-governing territories,
generally by upholding the national law and defending against internal security threats.

TYPES OF POLICE INTELLIGENCE

PUBLIC SAFETY INTELLIGENCE (PUSINT)

 Refers to the knowledge essential to ensure the protection of lives and properties.

COUNTER HUMAN INTELLIGENCE (HUMINT)

 Seeks to overcome enemy attempts to use human sources to collect information or to conduct
sabotage and subversion which includes CI Special Operations, Liaison, Counter Security, CI
Screening.

COUNTER IMAGERY INTELLIGENCE (IMINT)

 Includes action taken to determine enemy signal intelligence and related capabilities and
activities. These actions include surveillance radar, photo thermal and infrared systems. This
primarily includes interpretation of photographs from aerial units. Sometimes this is termed as
PHOTINT.

COUNTER SIGNAL INTELLIGENCE (SIGINT)

 Determines enemy signal intelligence and related electronic warfare capabilities. It also assesses
friendly operations to identify patterns, profiles, and develop and recommend counter
measures.

PASSIVE CI MEASURES

 Protection of classified and sensitive information against unauthorized access through secrecy
communication security and other safeguards.

ACTIVE CI MEASURES

 Those measures which seek actively to block enemies’ effort to gain information or engage in
espionage, subversion and sabotage.

OBJECTIVES OF COUNTER INTELLIGENCE

 To protect information against espionage

 Use of spies to gather secret information.

 To protect personnel against subversion

 Action or activity intended to undermine or overthrow the government.

 To protect installations against sabotage.

 The deliberate destruction of property or equipment.

IMPORTANCE OF COUNTER INTELLIGENCE

 Reduced risk of officers in command positions.

 It aids in achieving the element of surprise.

 Increases the security of command.

 Denies information to the enemy or decrease the intelligence capacity of the enemy.

CONCEPT OF COUNTER INTELLIGENCE

DETECTION

 Knowing the clandestine operation of the enemy.

PREVENTION

 Application of counter intelligence measures to avoid enemy activities.

NEUTRALIZATION

 Containment of enemy activities.

ESPIONAGE

 Use of spies to gather secret information from other nations.

SABOTAGE

 Destruction of property or equipment to undermine government entities efforts.

SUBVERSION

 Act that seeks to overthrow the government.

TREASON

 Disloyalty to one’s country or selling secret to enemy.

SEDITION

 Promoting or inciting discontent or rebellion against the government.

MILITARY SECURITY

 It encompasses the measures taken by a command to protect itself against espionage, enemy
operation sabotage, subversion, or surprise.

PORT BOUNDARY AND TRAVEL SECURITY

 Application of both military and civil security measures for counter-intelligence control at point
of entry and departure, international borders and boundaries.

CATEGORIES OF COUNTER INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS

MILITARY SECURITY

 It encompasses the measures taken by a command to protect itself against espionage, enemy
operation sabotage, subversion, or surprise.

PORT BOUNDARY AND TRAVEL SECURITY

 Application of both military and civil security measures for counter-intelligence control at point
of entry and departure, international borders and boundaries.

CIVIL SECURITY

 Active and passive counter-intelligence measures affecting the non-military nationals

permanently or temporarily residing in an area under military jurisdiction.

SPECIAL OPERATIONS

 Counter subversion, sabotage and espionage.

COMBAT INTELLIGENCE

 A kind of intelligence required by the commander to provide for planning and conduct tactical
and administrative operation in counter insurgency. This pertains to knowledge of People,
weather, enemy and Terrain (PWET) used in planning and conducting tactical and administrative
operation in a counter insurgency.

CENSORHIP

 It is the control and examination of civil, national armed forces, field press and POWs.

COUNTER INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS

 Is also called Counter Intelligence Investigation.

 It is an activity that constitutes the value of the CI workload, and includes specific investigation
of individual and incidence which for the most part is conducted in an overt but discreet
manner.

MISSION

 Detection- identify the threat.

 Evaluation- analyzing the data plan.

 Counter action and prevention- recommend counter measures in neutralizing the target.

COUNTER INTELLIGENCE INVESTIGATION

 It is an activity which constitutes the value of work load and includes specific investigation of
individual an incident which for the most part is conducted in an overt but discrete manner.

THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE

PHASES OF INTELLIGENCE CYCLE

  PLANNING AND DIRECTION

 COLLECTION

 PROCESSING

 ANALYSIS AND PRODUCTION

 DISSEMINATION

PLANNING

 The intelligence officer must have a thorough knowledge of the available sources of information,
the collecting agencies and type of information the latter can provide.

PRIORITY INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENT

 Also known as Essential Element of Information.

 An item of intelligence or information of the characteristics of the area of operations and the
enemy which the commander feels he needs before he can reasonably arrive at a decision.

INFORMATION REQUIREMENT

 Information regarding the enemy and its environment which needs to be collected and
processed in order to meet the PIR of a chief.

COLLECTION

The intelligence officer must have thorough knowledge of the available sources of information and
collecting agencies and the type of information they can provide and consider the following:

 Determine collecting agency.

 Send orders or request.

 Supervise collection efforts.

 Use tools or techniques in collection.

 Ensure timely collection.

METHODS OF COLLECTION

OVERT METHOD (OPEN SOURCES)

 99% of the information collected are coming from open sources.

COVERT METHOD (CLOSED/SECRET SOURCES)

 Only 1% of information are obtained from covert operation.

INFORMANT NET

 A controlled group of people who worked through the direction of the agent handler.

INFORMANT (ASSETS)

 People selected as sources of information which could be voluntary or in consideration of a

price.

GENERAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF AN INTELLIGENCE OFFICER

 College graduate.

 Passed prescribed test for intelligence officer.

 Passed background investigation.

 Good moral character.

 Loyal to the Republic of the Philippines.

 No undesirable traits (gambling, drug addiction, etc).

 Passed the standards set by the screening

TYPES OF AGENTS IN COLLECTING INFORMATION

AGENT OF INFLUENCE

 Agent who uses authority to gain information.

AGENT IN PLACE

 Agent who has been recruited within a highly sensitive target who is just beginning a career or
has been long insider.

PENETRATION AGENT

 Agent who has reached the enemy, gather information and able to get back without being
caught.

EXPENDABLE AGENT

 Agent who leaks false information to the enemy.

DOUBLE AGENT

 An enemy agent who has been taken into custody turned around and sent back where he came
from as an agent of his captors.

MOLE
  Also known as Sleeper Agent.

 Tasked with monitoring an organization or individual. They are trained to be visible but to keep
their motives unknown.

In any clandestine operation, the upper echelon of a spy bureaucracy consists of:

REGIONAL DESK OFFICER

 Who oversees all HUMINT operations in that region of the world.

WATCH OFFICERS

 Staffs a 24-hour crisis center.

COUNTER-INTELLIGENCE OFFICER

 Who oversees clandestine meetings between officers and agents.

REPORT OFFICER

 Acts as a liaison between officers in the field and analysts at headquarters.

ELEMENTS OF CLANDESTINE OPERATION

 SPONSOR- directs the organization conducting the clandestine operation.

 TARGET- person, place or thing, against which the clandestine activity is to be conducted.

 AGENT- person who conducts the clandestine operation.

SPECIFIC TYPES OF AGENTS

PRINCIPAL AGENT

 Leader or management agent in clandestine operation.

ACTION AGENT

 Person who conducts clandestine operation.

ESPIONAGE AGENT

 Clandestinely procure or collect information.

PROPAGANDIST AGENT

 Molds the attitude, opinions, and actions of an individual.

SUPPORT AGENT

 One who assist the action agent.

PROCURER OF FUNDS

 Agent who obtains money when needed for operational use.

SAFE HOUSE KEEPER

 Manages and maintain a safe house for clandestine operations.

COMMUNICATION AGENT

 Agents who are detailed as securing of clandestine communications.

• The spies themselves are mostly considered as traitors, and traitors come in amazing variety of
forms:

INADVERTENT SPIES

 People with loose lips, careless security attitudes.

DEFECTORS

 People fleeing the rule of their own country.

WALK-INS

 People who look for an extra income.

UNDERCOVERS

 People who have made the plea bargain with law enforcement.

RECRUITS

 People tricked, bribed, or blackmailed.

DOUBLE AGENTS

 People caught spying against you.

FALSE FLAG

 A pretension on the part of the case officer where he holds a nationality whom the target

DEAD DROP

 A place usually a dumpster or public garbage can where materials are discarded and later picked
up.

TECHNIQUES IN BLACKMAILING

BLACK MAIL MARKETING

  Targets are threatened with exposure for buying contraband goods and services in the black
market.

CURRENCY VIOLATIONS

 Targets are threatened with exposure for violating currency laws of the host nation.

SECURITY VIOLATIONS

 Targets are threatened with exposure for violating no trespassing zones or being on government
property of the host nation.

CRIMINAL LAW VIOLATIONS

 Targets are threatened for prosecution for various criminal offenses that they have been set up
in.

PROCESSING/ANALYSIS

COLLATION

 Organization of raw data and information into usable form, grouping similar items of
information so that they will be readily accessible.

RECORDING

 The reduction of info writing or some other form of graphical representation and the arranging
of this into groups of related items.

EVALUATION

 Examination of raw information to determine intelligence value, pertinence of the information,

reliability of the source of information and its credibility.

ANALYSIS

 Is the stage in which the collected information is subjected to review in order to satisfy
significant facts and derive conclusions there from.

INTEGRATION

 The combination of the elements isolated analysis with other known information related to the
operation.

INTERPRETATION

 The process of determining the significance of new information and its meaning.

DEDUCTION

 The formulation of conclusions from the theory developed.

DISSEMINATION
  Processed information or intelligence data are disseminated to end users, common methods of
disseminating intel data are conferences, briefing and person to person exchanges.

 In this process, consider the factors of timeliness, correctness and security.

KINDS OF COVERT OPERATIONS

SURVEILLANCE

 Is the covert, discreet observation of people and places for the purpose of obtaining information
concerning the identities or activities of subjects.

Difference between surveillance and reconnaissance:

• Surveillance is continuing while reconnaissance is intermittent (mission or operation).

• Reconnaissance has specific objectives while surveillance has general objectives.

IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES ABOUT SURVEILLANCE

AREA TARGET STUDY

 Refers to the area of operation of surveillance activities.

BURN OUT

 Identity of the undercover has been known by the subject.

CONTACT

 Any persons whom the subject picks or deals with while he is under observation and identifies
the observer.

CONVOY

 An associate of the subject who follows him to detect surveillance.

DECOY

 A person or object used by the subject in an attempt to elude the surveillant.

DROP

 Any person in a convenient, secure and unsuspecting place where police undercover men meet
his action agent for debriefing or reporting purposes.

LIAISON PROGRAM
  This is the assignment of trained intelligence personnel to other agencies in order to obtain
information of police intelligence value.

LOG

 Chronological records of activities that took place in the establishment under surveillance.

LOST

 The surveillant do not know the whereabouts of their subject or the subject had escape or
eluded the surveillant.

MADE

 When the subject under surveillance becomes aware that he is under observation.

PRE-SURVEILLANCE CONFERENCE

 A conference held among the team members, police intelligence unit before a surveillance is
conducted.

RABBIT/HARE

 Term to the subject of shadowing and tailing referring.

SAFE HOUSE

 Refers to place where agents meet each other for purposes of debriefing and reporting.

STAKEOUT OR PLANT

 Is the observation of places or areas from a fixed point.

SUBJECT

 Can be a person, place, property and vehicle, group of people, organization, or object.

SURVEILLANCE PLAN

 A plan established as required according to type of personnel, and the general and specific
instructions for surveillance.

SURVEILLANT

 Is the plainclothes investigator assigned to make the observation.

TAILING OR SHADOWING

 It is the observation of a person’s movement.

TEST FOR TAILING

 The common trick of the subject when he becomes conscious that he is being tailed.

UNDERCOVER MAN
  It refers to a person trained to observe and penetrate certain organization suspected of illegal
activities and later reports the observation and information’s that proper operational action can
be made.

METHODS OF SURVEILLANCE

STATIONARY SURVEILLANCE

 Also referred to as Fixed or Stakeout Surveillance - is used when you know or suspect that a
person is at or will come to a known location, when you suspect that stolen goods are to be
dropped or when informants have told you that a crime is going to be committed.

TECHNICAL

 Surveillance by the use of communications and electronic hardware, gadgets, etc.

MOVING SURVEILLANCE/SHADOWING/TAILING

 Simply the act of following a person.

BUGGING & ANTI-BUGGING DEVICES

BUG

 Electronic device placed in the premise to transmit conversation to a receiver or recorder.

BUG DETECTOR

 Electronic device that produces a tone that can pick up any form of electronic transmission.

PEN REGISTRER

 Device that records all numbers dialed from a telephone.

SCRAMBLER

 Device attached to the telephone that scrambles the speaker’s voice to everyone.

TAP

 Electronic device attached to the telephone line.

TAP AND TRACE

 Records numbers dialed to a telephone and provides subscriber’s name.

VOICE AMPLIFIER

• Pick sounds from a distance away and also called as Bionic Ear.

WHITE NOISE BLOCKER

 • Blocks the recording of any conversation in the room.

FORMS OF SHADOWING/TAILING

LOOSE TAIL

 Employed where a general impression of the subject's habits and associates is required. It can
be applied frequently or infrequently, or in varied occasions.

ROUGH SHADOWING

 Employed without special precautions, subject maybe aware of the surveillance, employed also
when the subject is a material witness and must be protected from harm or other undesirable
influences.

CLOSE TAIL

 Extreme precautions are taken against losing the subject is employed where constant
surveillance is necessary.

ONE MAN SHADOW

 Extremely difficult and should be avoided.

TWO MAN SHADOW

 Two agents are employed to follow the subject.

THREE MAN SHADOW

 Also called as ABC Method. It affords great security agents’ detection.

PROGRESSIVE/LEAPFROG METHOD

 Attempting to locate the hideout of the subject and agents are at the same point always.

COMBINED FOOT-AUTO SURVEILLANCE

 Employment of surveillants on foot and agents in an automobile.

AUTOMOBILE SURVEILLANCE

 Depends on the numbers and types of surveillance vehicles available, volume of traffic.

 Occupied by at least two agents.

 One to concentrate on driving and one in observing.

CASING-It is the careful inspection of a place to determine its suitability for a particular operational
purpose.

Information desired in Casing:

 Area condition and habit- whether the place is a residential, commercial, highly urbanized, or
rural.

 Active opposition- means all organs of every security system whose task is to prevent
intelligence activity in a given area.

 Disposal plan- disposal of the information in case of possible compromise.

 Escape and evasion- the exit planning in case of emergencies from immediate focal point to the
general area.

METHODS OF CASING

PERSONAL RECONNAISANCE

 Most effective method and produce most information.

MAP RECONNAISANCE

 May not sufficient but can produce a certain amount of information.

RESEARCH

 More information can be acquired and best used with other methods.

PRIOR INFORMATION

 Records in your file unit that may provide valuable information.

HEARSAY

 Information usually gains by the person operating in the area and performing casing job.

ELICITATION

 The process of extracting information from a person believes to be in possession of vital

information without his knowledge or suspicion.

 It is a system whereby information of intelligence value is obtained through the process of direct
intercommunication with one or more parties who are unaware of the purpose of the
conversation.

BASIC DEVICES IN ELICITATION

APPROACH

 Used to start a conversation or to shift the direction of an existing conversation.

FLATTERY APPROACH

TEACHER/PUPIL

 Make the person express topics about him. Most people like to talk about themselves.

KINDRED SOLE

 “Misery loves company”. People express a need for recognition, particularly the lonely, the
neglected, the vain and those with feelings of inferiority.

GOOD SAMARITAN

 Do good deeds or favors for the source.

PARTIAL- DISAGREEMENT APPROACH

 Seeks to produce talking by the word “I am not sure if I fully agree”.

PROVOCATION APPROACH

TEASER-BAIT

 Make the source believe you know more than he knows on the topic.

JOE BLOW

 Purposely disagree with the source to induce anger.

MANHATTAN FROM MISSOURI APPROACH

 The elicitor adopts an unbelievable attitude above anything. He questions all statements and
oppositions.

NATIONAL PRIDE APPROACH

 Natural propensity of all persons to defend their country and its policies.

PROBE

 An attempt to obtain more information after the subject gives a vague, incomplete general
response. It is used to sustain the conversation.

COMPLETION

 By inserting bits of factual information on a particular topic, the source may be influenced to
confirm and further expand on the topic.

CLARITY
  A request for additional information where the source`s response is unclear. Like “what do you
mean by….”.

HYPOTHETICAL

 Can be associated with a thought or idea expressed by the source. Many people who might not
make a comment concerning an actual event may express an opinion on a hypothetical
situation.

HIGH PRESSURE PROBE

 It serves to pin down a subject in a specific area or it may be used to point out contradictions in
what the subject has said.

EMPLOYMENT OF TECHNICAL MEANS

BUGGING

 The use of an equipment or tool to listen and record discreetly conversation of other people.

WIRETAPPING

• A method of collecting information through interception of telephone conversation.

TACTICAL INTERROGATION

 It is the process or method of obtaining information from a captured enemy who is reluctant to
divulge information.

• INTERROGATOR- person who does the questioning.

• INTERROGEE- a person subjected for interrogation.

OBSERVATION & DESCRIPTION

 A method of collecting information by just merely using the different senses.

 85% of our knowledge is gathered through sight.

 13% of your hearing.

 2% through the other senses.

PORTRAIT PARLE

 It is a means of using descriptive terms in relation to the personal features of an individual and it
can be briefly described as a word description or a spoken picture.

UNDERCOVER OPERATION

 Also called as “Roping”.

 Disguising one’s own identity or using an assumed identity for the purpose of gaining the trust
of an individual or organization to learn secret information or to gain the trust of targeted
individuals in order to gain information or evidence.
COVER

 It refers to the changing, forging, or falsifying agent' real personality including but not limited to
things, location, job and others that will be used in undercover assignments.

TYPES OF COVER

 ARTIFICIAL -altering the background that will correspond to the operation.

 MULTIPLE - includes different cover.

 NATURAL - actual or true background.

 COVER WITHIN A COVER- use of secondary cover to justify existence.

TYPES OF UNDERCOVER ASSIGNMENT

RESIDENTIAL/DWELLING ASSIGNMENT

 Related to the neighbor of the subject and agent will live as a new resident without making
suspicion.

SOCIAL ASSIGNMENT

 Gain access by going to different hang out places.

WORK ASSIGNMENT

 Agent will be employed where the subject work.

SUBVERSIVE ASSIGNMENT

 Most dangerous of all undercover assignment wherein the agent will join the organization.

MULTIPLE ASSIGNMENTS

 Two or more assignments covered simultaneously.

ROPE JOB

 Strike friendship with the subject.

ORGANIZATIONAL COVER

 Account consisting of biographical which when adopted by an individual will assume the
personality he wants to adopt.

STAGES OF UNDERCOVER OPERATION

PLANNING PHASE

 Objective must be established and the investigative team is selected.

CASE MANAGEMENT PHASE

 Case in managed and coordinated with the major problems in the operation.
COMMUNICATION

 It must be developed between all the members of the operation.

INVESTIGATION

 The way how the objectives will be obtained.

CLOSURE

 Operation must be shut down when the objectives are met.

BURNED

 Agents through identity is discovered.

AGENT CONTROL

CONTROL

 Authority to direct the agent to carry out task or requirement on behalf of the clandestine
organization in an acceptable manner and security.

TWO CATEGORIES OF CONTROL

POSITIVE CONTROL

 Characterized by professionalism and rapport like agent motivation and psychological control.

NEGATIVE CONTROL

 Characterized by threat and it includes disciplinary action, escrow account and blackmail.

AGENT CONTROL

DISCIPLINARY ACTION

 Includes verbal reprimand for poor performance or insecure actions withholding certain
material rewards, reduction of agents’ salary or in extreme situation the threat of terminating
professional relationship.

ESCROW ACCOUNT

 Putting agent’s salary in the bank to be withdrawn only after a fulfillment of a condition.

IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES ABOUT AGENT CONTROL

CODING

 The changing of message from plain clear text to unintelligible form, also known as encrypting.

DECODING

 Transforming of coded message into plain text, also known as decrypting.

CRYPTOGRAPHY
  Arts and science of codes and ciphers.

CRYPTO ANALYST

 Refers to those persons who break intercepted codes.

IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES ABOUT AGENT CONTROL

CRYPTOGRAPHER

 Refers to a person who is highly skilled in converting message from clear to unintelligible forms
by use of codes and ciphers.

SECURITY CLEARANCE

 A certification by a responsible authority that the person described is clear to access and classify
matters at appropriate levels.

• INTERIM CLEARANCE - effective for 2 years.

• FINAL CLEARANCE - effective for 5 years.

CLASSIFIED

 To assign information by one of the four security classifications.

COMPROMISE

 Means loss of security.

COMPARTMENTATION

 The grant of access to classified matter only to properly cleaved persons in the performance of
their official duties.

DECLASSIFY

 Removal of security classification.

RECLASSIFY

 Act of changing the assigned classification number.

UPGRADING

 Act of assigning to a matter of higher classification to a classified document.

NEED TO KNOW

 Term given to the requirement that dissemination of classified matters is limited only to
authorities because of the nature of their work.

DAMAGE TO NATIONAL SECURITY

  The prejudice, embarrassment or injury to the Republic of the Philippines results from an act or
omission.

CLASSIFICATION OF DOCUMENTS

TOP SECRET (GREEN)

 Calls for the utmost degree of protection, Unauthorized revelation of these materials and
information will cause extremely severe damage to the nation, politically, economically, or
militarily.

 Examples: political negotiations, military defense, war strategic plans, etc.

SECRET (RED)

 Unauthorized disclosure of these documents or things may put at risk the national security,
cause serious injury to the reputation of the nation.

 Examples: info about intelligence operations, troop movements, order of battle, etc.

CONFIDENTIAL (BLUE)

 Unauthorized revelation of which may be injurious to the reputation of the nation or

governmental activity or will cause administrative humiliation or unnecessary injury.

 Examples: plans of government projects, routine intelligence reports, personnel records, etc.

RESTRICTED (WHITE/BLACK/NO COLOR)

 This are information which should not be published or communicated to anyone except for
official purposes.

 These records are daily files, routine in nature even if lost or destroyed will not affect operation
or administration.

 Examples: blotters, daily logbook file, etc.

SECURITY MEASURES & OPERATIONS IN RELATION TO INTELLIGENCE

PHYSICAL SECURITY

 The broadest type of security that is concerned with the physical measures designed to
safeguard personnel and prevent unauthorized access to equipment, facilities, materials,
documents and to protect them from espionage, sabotage, damage, or theft.

COMMUNICATION SECURITY

 The protection resulting from the application of various measures which prevent or delay the
enemy or unauthorized person in gaining information through communication.

 This includes transmission, cryptographic and physical security.

DOCUMENTARY SECURITY

 Protection of documents, classified matters and vital records from loss, access to unauthorized
persons, damage, theft and compromise through proper storage and procedure.

PERSONNEL SECURITY

 The sum total procedures followed, inquiries conducted and criteria applied to determine the
work suitable to a particular applicant or the retention or transfer of a particular employee.

NATIONAL SECURITY AND THREATS

NATIONAL INTEREST

 The general and continuing end for which a nation acts.

 It refers to the general concept of a national security and well-being.

NATIONAL SECURITY

 The state or condition wherein the people’s way of life and institutions, their territorial integrity
and sovereignty, as well as their welfare and well-being, are protected or advance.

INSURGENCY/INSURGENT

 The used in connection with any movement that employs extra-legal measures in rising up
against an incumbent authority for the purpose of obtaining some change in social order.

SUBVERSIVE INSURGENCY

 Includes in its objective the destruction or under minding an incumbent authority.

INSURGENT WAR

• A violent form of subversive insurgency and it is a deliberate effort using local adherence.

COMPONENTS OF NATIONAL POWER

POLITICAL STRENGTH

 Stems from the character of the people and from the type and stability of the government and
the sounders of its foreign policy.

ECONOMIC STRENGTH

 Stems from a combination of factor such as geographic location, climatic conditions and
supplies.

CULTURAL STRENGTH
  Stems from the national unity, the social and moral fiber of the people and the things that they
believe.

MILITARY STRENGTH

 The ability of a nation to exert pressure by armed force in furtherance of national policy.

THE THREE-TIERED DEFENSE SYSTEM

INTELLIGENCE

 Knowing the enemy and identifying its potential targets.

TARGET HARDENING

 Making it difficult for the terrorist to succeed in hitting their targets.

INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

 The approval of the Republic Act 9372 or the Human Security Act of 2007.

BASICS IN DIGITAL INVESTIGATION

CYBERCRIME

 Crime committed through cyberspace.

CYBERSPACE

Communications made through virtual environment

COMPUTER DATA

 Anything stored in the memory of the computer software either text, audio, video, or any form
of communication.

DIGITAL INVESTIGATION

 Process undertaken by the forensic computer investigator and examiner to uncover the
elements of the crime.

DIGITAL DEVICE

 All devices capable of performing multiple functions such as storing, sending, and receiving
electronic data.

ELECTRONIC DATA

 Any data or information stored through electronic means.

FORENSIC COMPUTER INVESTIGATOR

 Charged with search and seizure of digital devices.

FORENSIC COMPUTER EXAMINER

 Responsible for the examination of computer.