Pangasinan Polytechnic College
Lingayen, Pangasinan
National Service Training Program 1:
Module 5b
Prepared by:
Ms. Vanessa O. Agapay
Faculty, General Education
[Link]@[Link]
Module Outline:
MODULE 5b
COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH EDUCATION ON
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
Introduction to Sexually Transmitted Diseases
(STDs)
Definition
Causes of Infection
Types
Factors that might Raise your Risk of Getting STDs
Lowering the Risk of Getting STDs
Seven Most Common STDs
Philippine Laws Addressing the Spread of STDs
Republic Act No. 11166
Republic Act No. 10354
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Other Names: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs),
Venereal Diseases (VDs)
STDs are infections you can catch through sexual activity.
STDs spread through vaginal, oral, or anal sex, and other sexual
contact involving the genitals or mouth.
Some STDs, like herpes and HPV, spread through skin-to-skin
contact.
Others can pass from mother to baby, or through breastfeeding,
blood transfusions, and sharing needles.
Causes of Infection
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can result from
various pathogens: bacteria, parasites, and viruses.
Bacterial STDs - Gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia
Parasite-caused STDs - Trichomoniasis
Viral STDs - Human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes
simplex virus, and human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV), which leads to acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS).
Common Types of STDs
Over 20 types of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) exist. Here are some of
the most common ones recognized by many.
1. Chlamydia
A common infection that spreads through sex. It is
caused by bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis.
You can get chlamydia during oral, vaginal, or anal
sex with someone who has it. It can also be passed
to a baby during childbirth.
Treatable with antibiotics, but untreated cases can
cause serious health problems.
Common Types of STDs
2. Genital herpes
Caused by a virus called herpes simplex.
Causes painful blisters around the genitals, anus, buttocks, or
thighs. And spreads through vaginal, anal, or oral sex, even without
visible sores.
Herpes symptoms are called outbreaks.
Common Types of STDs
3. Gonorrhea
Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which often affects young adults.
Men may experience painful urination and discharge; if untreated, it
can affect the prostate and testicles.
Women might have mild signs like pain when urinating, irregular
bleeding, or increased vaginal discharge.
Untreated cases can lead to pelvic disease and infertility.
Common Types of STDs
4. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) /
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
HIV harms your immune system by attacking a particular
white blood cell that fights infections, making you more susceptible
to other diseases.
AIDS is the more severe phase of HIV infection, which happens
when the immune system becomes deeply weakened by the virus.
Nevertheless, not everyone with HIV will progress to AIDS.
Common Types of STDs
5. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
HPV is a group of 200+ viruses, some spread through sexual contact.
It can also spread through skin contact or shared items like towels.
Often goes away on its own, but some cases need treatment.
Regular screenings help detect early body changes.
Low-risk HPV can cause warts on or around your genitals, anus,
mouth, or throat.
High-risk HPV can lead to various cancers
such as cervical, anal, throat, vaginal,
penile cancer, etc.
Common Types of STDs
6. Pubic lice
Also known as crabs, are tiny insects that live in the pubic area.
Can also be found on other coarse body hair, such as on the legs,
armpits, mustache, beard, eyebrows, or eyelashes.
The presence of pubic lice on the eyebrows or eyelashes of children
or teenagers may suggest exposure to or involvement in sexual
activity or abuse.
These are parasites that feed on human blood.
Common Types of STDs
7. Syphilis
Starts with a small, painless sore and swollen lymph nodes.
If untreated, it can cause rashes and increases HIV risk.
Can harm unborn babies or cause miscarriage.
Easily treated with antibiotics when found early.
Common Types of STDs
8. Trichomoniasis
Caused by a parasite spread
through sexual contact.
Many have no symptoms;
but when symptoms occurs, they
appear 5-28 days after infection.
In women: discharge, odor, pain during sex or urination, and itching.
In men: itching, burning, or discharge.
Increases risk of other STIs and can lead to preterm birth and low
birth weight in babies.
Common Types of STDs
9. Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C
Transmitted through sexual contact and blood.
Hepatitis B spreads via blood, semen, or saliva.
Hepatitis C spreads mainly through blood or shared needles.
Both can cause chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer.
Factors that might Raise your Risk of
Getting STDs
Unprotected Sex - Having sex without a condom
if your partner has an infection can greatly increase
your chance of getting STD. Oral sex is less risky,
but STDs can still spread.
Multiple Sex Partners - The more people you have sexual activity
with, the greater your risk of getting STDs.
Unsanitary Sharing of Injections (Drug-related) - Sharing of a
needle for drug use can increase a person’s risk of getting infected.
This includes HIV, Hepatitis B, and C.
Factors that might Raise your Risk of
Getting STDs
History of STDs - Previous infections increase the risk
of getting another. For example, herpes causes sores
that facilitate HIV entry,
Forced Sexual Contact - Increases STD risk; victims
should seek medical screening and support.
Misuse of alcohol and recreational drugs - Misusing
substances like alcohol and recreational drugs can
impair your judgment, leading to increased chances
of engaging in risky behaviors.
Factors that might Raise your Risk of
Getting STDs
Youth - Individuals between the ages of 15 and 24 report
experiencing higher rates of sexually transmitted infections
compared to older age groups. Have higher STD rates due to
curiosity, peer pressure, and risky sexual behaviors.
Mother to infant transmission - Some STDs (like gonorrhea,
chlamydia, HIV, and syphilis) can pass from mother to baby
during pregnancy or birth, causing serious health risks.
Testing and treatment during pregnancy are essential.
Lowering the Risk of Getting STDs
Abstinence - Avoiding sex or any sexual activities.
Monogamy - Remaining with one uninfected sexual partner is ideal,
especially in a long-term relationship where both individuals are
uninfected.
Waiting and Testing - Before a new sexual relationship, both
partners should get tested for STDs and wait for negative results.
Regular testing is also advised for those with multiple partners.
Get Vaccinated - Certain STDs can be prevented through
vaccination, like Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Hepatitis A, and
Hepatitis B.
Lowering the Risk of Getting STDs
Condoms and Dental Dams - Always use them correctly during sex;
avoid oil-based lubricants with latex.
Avoid Excessive Alcohol Consumption and Illegal Drugs - These
can lead to risky sexual behavior and higher infection risk
Good Communication - Talk to your partner about
practicing safe sex.
Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) - FDA-approved medicines
like Truvada and Descovy help prevent HIV for those at high
risk. They must be taken daily as prescribed to be effective.
Seven Most Common STDs in the
Philippines
[Link] papillomavirus (HPV)
[Link] warts
[Link] herpes
[Link]
[Link]/AIDS
[Link]
[Link]
Philippine Laws Addressing the Spread of STDs
Republic Act No. 11166
The primary legislation addressing HIV and AIDS in the Philippines that
is also known as the Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act of 2018, it
strengthens HIV prevention, testing, treatment, and support, integrating
these services into the country’s universal healthcare system.
Republic Act No. 10354
The Reproductive Health Law includes provisions for the prevention and
treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
Pangasinan Polytechnic College
Lingayen, Pangasinan
Thank you for the
fun learning!
See you in our next class!