Tutorial-7
Tutorial 7: Concept of Stress and Strain - II
Problem-1
An 80-m-long wire of 5-mm diameter is made of a steel with E =
200 GPa and an ultimate tensile strength of 400 MPa. If a factor
of safety of 3.2 is desired, determine (a) the largest allowable
tension in the wire, (b) the corresponding elongation of the wire.
Solution
Ans.
Ans.
Problem-2
Two gauge marks are placed exactly 250 mm apart on a 12 mm
diameter aluminum rod. Knowing that, with an axial load of 6000 N
acting on the rod, the distance between the gage marks is 250.18
mm; determine the modulus of elasticity of the aluminum used in
the rod.
Solution
.
= = = = 0.18 mm
.
Modulus of elasticity, = N/mm = 73.682 N/mm2 = 73.68 GPa
.
Ans.
Problem-4
A square yellow-brass bar must not stretch more than 2.5 mm when it
is subjected to a tensile load. Knowing that E = 105 GPa and that the
allowable tensile strength is 180 MPa, determine (a) the maximum
allowable length of the bar, (b) the required dimensions of the cross
section if the tensile load is 40 kN.
Solution
( . )( × )
We know = = = = = 1458 mm = 1.458 m
Ans.
Required cross section area = = mm2 = 222.22 mm2.
∴ Side of the square section = 222.22 mm = 14.91 mm Ans.
Problem-5
The 4-mm-diameter cable BC is
made of a steel with E = 200 GPa.
Knowing that the maximum stress
in the cable must not exceed 190
MPa and that the elongation of the
cable must not exceed 6 mm, find
the maximum load P that can be
applied as shown.
Solution
At equilibrium of the bar AB:
FBD of bar AB
Since,
Since,
FBD of bar AB
Therefore, maximum tensile load which the cable BC can sustain is : FBC = 2.091 103 N
∴ Ans.
Problem-6
All the joints of the wall bracket may be considered
as pin connected. Steel rod AB (E = 200 GPa) has a
cross sectional area of 5 mm2 and the member BC
is a rigid beam. If a 1000 mm diameter frictionless
drum of weight 5000 N is placed in the position
shown, what will be the elongation of rod AB?
1800
Solution cos 0.6
3000
F y
0
5000 5000
N1 8333.33N
cos 0.6
FBD of drum
8333.33 1500
M C 0 FAB 5208.33 N
2400
PL 5208.33 1800
AB 9.375 mm
AE 5 200 10 3
Problem-7
The brass tube AB (E = 105 GPa) has a cross-
sectional area of 140 mm2 and is fitted with a
plug at A. The tube is attached at B to a rigid
plate that is itself attached at C to the bottom
of an aluminum cylinder (E = 72 GPa) with a
cross-sectional area of 250 mm2. The cylinder is
then hung from a support at D. In order to
close the cylinder, the plug must move down
through 1 mm. Determine the force P that must
be applied to the tube.
Solution Shortening of brass tube AB
Elongation of Aluminum cylinder CD
P = 21.547103 N
Problem-10
Link BD is made of brass (E = 105 GPa)
and has a cross-sectional area of 240
mm2. Link CE is made of aluminum
(E = 72 GPa) and has a cross-sectional
area of 300 mm2. Knowing that they
support rigid member ABC, determine
the maximum force P that can be
applied vertically at point A if the
deflection of A is not to exceed 0.35
mm.
Solution
∑ =0
Again, ∑ =0
FBD of member ABC
Deformation Diagram
Since, A = 0.35 mm = 0.35 10-3 m
Ans.
Problem-11
A rigid machine part AD is
suspended by double hangers AE of
cross sectional area of 50 mm2 each
and BF of cross sectional area of
100 mm2 each respectively. The
elastic modulus of hanger material
is 180 GPa and yield stress is 600
MPa. Determine the deflection that
would occur at D by applying a
downward force of 10 kN at C.
Check hanger stress to assure that
an elastic solution is applicable.
Solution
All dimensions are in mm
3
F 0 R R 10 10 N
y 1 2
10 103 500
M 0 R2 200 10 103 500 R2 25 103 N
A
200
R1 (10 25) 103 15 103 N
PL 15 103 180 1 0.15
1 0. 15 mm Therefore 1
8.33 10 4
AE (50 / 2) 180 10 3
L 180
Hence, 1 1 E 8.33 10 4 180 103 150 MPa 600 MPa
PL 25 103 360 2 0.25 4
2 0 . 25 mm 2
6 . 94 10
AE (100 / 2) 180 103 L 360
Hence, 2 2 E 6.94 104 180 103 125 MPa 600 MPa
Elastic condition is assured
Solution Cont…
All dimensions are in mm
x 200 x 50
x 125 mm
0.25 0.15 0.4
125 800 125 231.25
D 1.85 mm Ans.
0.25 D 125
Solution
FAB FAB = 32 kN FBC = 32 kN
ΔAB = 1.23 mm
ΔBC = -0.87 mm
FBC
FBD of member ABC
Deformed shape of member ABC
Problem-12
The jib crane shown in the figure has the cable AB of cross-
sectional area of 300 mm2 and the bar BC of cross-sectional area
of 320 mm2. (a) Determine the deflection vector at B caused by
the application of a force P = 16 kN. (b) Hence, estimate the
vertical stiffness of the crane at
point B. Take E = 200 GPa.
4000 2000 2000
+ 1.23 = + 2000 − 0.87 −2 2000 − 0.87 cos 90 +
3 3 3
= 0.1137 ° (magnitude)
∅ = 90 − = 89.94315 °
∴ DE = 2000 − 0.87 cos ∅ = 1.9836 mm (E is the middle point of DB)
DB = (2)(1.9836) = 3.967 mm
3.967
Hence, displacement vector = (- 0.8739i – 3.967 j ) mm
All dimensions are in mm
Problem-15
The homogeneous plate ABCD is
subjected to a biaxial loading as shown. It
is known that σz = k and that the change
in length of the plate in the x direction
must be zero, that is, εx = 0. If the
modulus of elasticity is E and Poisson’s
ratio is ν, determine (a) the required
magnitude of σx , (b) the ratio k/εz.
Solution
since =0
since ∴ =
=
Problem-16
A rectangular steel block has the following
dimensions: a = 50 mm, b = 75 mm and c =
100 mm. The faces of this block are subjected
to uniformly distributed forces of 180 kN
(tension) in the x-direction, 200 kN (tension)
in the y-direction and 240 kN (compression)
in the z-direction. Determine the magnitude
of a single system of forces acting only in the
y-direction that would cause the same
deformation in the y-direction as the initial
forces. Consider ν =0.25.
Solution
F 180 kN tension ; Area A b c 75 100 mm
X x
FX F F
F 200 kN tension ; Area A a b 50 75 mm x ; y Y ;z Z
Y y
Ax Ay Az
F 240 kN compression ; Area A a c 50 100 mm
Z z
1 1 200 103 180 103 240 103 1 59.33
y y x z 0.25 53.33 6
E E 50 75 75 100 50 100 E E
' ' '
' 1 Fy ' 1 Fy 59.33 1 Fy 59.33
For Equivalent force system, y y Therefore,
E Ay E 50 75 E E 50 75 E
Fy' 222.49 103 N 222.49 kN
Problem-17
A vibration isolation unit consists of two
blocks of rubber bonded to a rigid metal
plate AB and to rigid supports as shown.
Knowing that a force of magnitude P = 25
kN causes a deflection d = 1.5 mm of plate
AB in the downward direction, determine
the modulus of rigidity of the rubber used.
Solution
Given: P 25 kN 25 103 N 1.5 mm
Area (150)(100) mm 2
Shear strain Shear stress G G
h h
P
Total force Area Area G Area G
2 h
(25)(103 ) 1.5
Or, (150)(100)G
2 30
3
25 10 30
Therefore, G N/mm 2 16.67 MPa
2 150 100 1.5