RATIO
1
AFEEF ASLAH .T.P
Afeef Aslah .T.P 2
RATIO
• It is the relationship between numbers.
For example, if A = 80 and B = 20.
𝐴 80 4
Then = = , then A:B = 4:1
𝐵 20 1
• Find the ratio of 77 and 35.
Afeef Aslah .T.P 3
RATIO
• If A and B are in the ratio x:y, then we can
write A=xk, B=yk. k is the common multiple.
For example, if A = 80 and B = 20.
Then A = 4 × 20, 𝐵 = 1 × 20
• Then, write for 64 and 24
Afeef Aslah .T.P 4
RATIO
Find the ratio of 19:38:95
Afeef Aslah .T.P 5
RATIO
If a:b :: c:d, then
𝑎 𝑐 𝑏 𝑑
• = 𝑜𝑟 = ⇒ 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑐𝑏
𝑏 𝑑 𝑎 𝑐
𝑎 𝑏
• =
𝑐 𝑑
𝑎+𝑏 𝑐+𝑑
• =
𝑏 𝑑
𝑎−𝑏 𝑐−𝑑
• =
𝑏 𝑑
𝑎+𝑏 𝑐+𝑑
• =
𝑎−𝑏 𝑐−𝑑
Afeef Aslah .T.P 6
RATIO
Examples:
• 3:a :: 2:7, a=?
3x7=2a, a=10.5
• 9:81 :: 4:b, b=?
Afeef Aslah .T.P 7
PRACTICE QUESTION
Find the value of x:
7 : x :: 6 : 30
a) 42
b) 35
c) 28
d) None of the above
Afeef Aslah .T.P 8
RATIO
• If A:B = a:b1 and B:C = b2:c, then A:B:C = ab2:b1b2:b1c
• If A:B = a:b1, B:C = b2:c1 and C:D = c2:d,
then A:B:C = ab2c2:b1b2c2:b1c1c2:b1c1d
OR
• “Fill in the blanks”
A : B : C : D
a : b1 : :
: b2 : c1 :
: : c2 : d
Afeef Aslah .T.P 9
RATIO
Examples:
• A:B = 2:3, B:C = 3:4, then what is A:B:C
A:B:C = 2×3:3×3:3×4 = 6:9:12 = 2:3:4
• A:B = 3:4, B:C = 5:6, then what is A:B:C
A:B:C = 3×5:5×4:4×6 = 15:20:24
• A:B = 2:3, B:C = 3:4, C:D = 6:7 then what is A:B:C:D
Afeef Aslah .T.P 10
PRACTICE QUESTION
1 1 1
Find the ratio of , , 𝑎𝑛𝑑
2 3 4
Afeef Aslah .T.P 11
PRACTICE QUESTION
To find the ratio of reciprocals, take the LCM of
denominators:
1 1 1
Given numbers are , , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 . Then,
2 3 4
LCM (2, 3,4) = 12
Multiplying the numbers by 12, we get
1 1 1
× 12: × 12: × 12 = 6: 4: 3
2 3 4
Afeef Aslah .T.P 12
PRACTICE QUESTION
OR
Take denominators: 2, 3 and 4
Use “Hide and seek”
12 : 8 : 6 = 6 : 4 : 3
Afeef Aslah .T.P 13
PRACTICE QUESTION
1 1 1
Find the ratio of , , 𝑎𝑛𝑑
3 4 5
Afeef Aslah .T.P 14
PYQ
A sum of Rs2500 is distributed among X,Y and Z in
1 3 5
the ratio , , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 . What is the difference between
2 4 6
the maximum and minimum share? (UPSC 2020)
a) Rs300
b) Rs350
c) Rs400
d) Rs450
Afeef Aslah .T.P 15
PYQ
• LCM of denominators 2, 4 and 6 = 12
• Multiplying the numbers with LCM, we get
1 3 5
• × 12 ∶ × 12 ∶ × 12 = 6: 9: 10
2 4 6
• Thus, shares are: 6x, 9x, 10x
• Total 2500 = 6x+9x+10x = 25x
2500
Thus, x = = 100
25
• Difference between max (10x) and min (6x) share = 10x-6x = 4x = 4 ×
100 = 400
Answer: (c)
Afeef Aslah .T.P 16
PRACTICE QUESTION
10% of x = 20% of y. Then what is x:y?
Afeef Aslah .T.P 17
PRACTICE QUESTION
10% of x = 20% of y.
𝑥 2
0.1𝑥 = 0.2𝑦 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2𝑦 ⇒ =
𝑦 1
Or x:y = 2:1
Afeef Aslah .T.P 18
PRACTICE QUESTION
Find the compound ratio of 2:3, 4:5 and 6:8
Afeef Aslah .T.P 19
PRACTICE QUESTION
compound ratio of 2:3, 4:5 and 6:8
2 × 4 × 6 ∶ 3 × 5 × 8 = 2: 5
Afeef Aslah .T.P 20
PRACTICE QUESTION
The compound ratio of 2 : 3, 3 : 5, 5 : 1, and 4 : 3 is:
a) 5:3
b) 8:3
c) 8:5
d) 12:5
Afeef Aslah .T.P 21
PRACTICE QUESTION
Answer: (b)
Afeef Aslah .T.P 22
PRACTICE QUESTION
If A:B = 3:2 , B: C = 3: 4 , then what will be A: C?
a) 1: 2
b) 2: 1
c) 8:9
d) 9:8
Afeef Aslah .T.P 23
PRACTICE QUESTION
Answer: (d)
Afeef Aslah .T.P 24
PYQ
A student appeared in 6 papers. The maximum marks are the
same for each paper. His marks in these papers are in the
proportion 5:6:7:8:9:10. Overall he scored 60%. In how many
papers he scored less than 60% marks? (UPSC 2021)
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
Afeef Aslah .T.P 25
PYQ
• Let maximum mark = 100 in each paper
• Overall score = 60% of (100×6) = 360
• 5x+6x+7x+8x+9x+10x = 360, 45x = 360, x = 8
• Mark in each subject = 5x = 40, 6x = 48, 7x = 56,
8x = 64, 9x = 72 and 10x = 80
• Out of this 3 scores are less than 60 (60% of 100)
• Answer: (b)
Afeef Aslah .T.P 26
PYQ
Half of the villagers of a certain village have their own houses.
One fifth of the villagers cultivate paddy. One third of the
villagers are literate. Four fifth of the villagers are under 25
years of age. Which of the following is certainly correct? (UPSC
2021)
a) All villagers who have their own houses are literate
b) Some villagers under 25 years of age are literate
c) Only half of the villagers who cultivate paddy are literate
d) No villager under 25 years of age has his own house.
Afeef Aslah .T.P 27
PYQ
• Let total villagers = V = 100
• Having their own houses = V/2 = 50
• Who cultivate paddy = V/5 = 20
• Literate = 33.33
• Under 25 years of age = 4V/5 = 80
• We know 80 villagers are under 25 years of age a 33.33 are
literate. So minimum 13.33 villagers are literate and under
25 years of age.
• Hence option (B) is correct.
Afeef Aslah .T.P 28
PRACTICE QUESTION
The sum of two number is 40 and their
difference is 4. What is the ratio of the number?
a) 11: 9
b) 7: 3
c) 12: 13
d) 5:11.
Afeef Aslah .T.P 29
PRACTICE QUESTION
• Let the numbers be X and Y
𝑋 𝑋+𝑌 + 𝑋−𝑌 2𝑋
• = =
𝑌 𝑋+𝑌 − 𝑋−𝑌 2𝑌
OR
𝑿 SUM+DIFFERENCE
=
𝒀 SUM−DIFFERENCE
Afeef Aslah .T.P 30
PRACTICE QUESTION
𝑋 40 + 4 44 11
= = = ⇒ 11: 9
𝑌 40 − 4 36 9
Answer: (a)
Afeef Aslah .T.P 31
PRACTICE QUESTION
The sum of two number is 60 and their
difference is 4. What is the ratio of the number?
a) 8: 9
b) 9: 7
c) 8: 7
d) None of the above
Afeef Aslah .T.P 32
PRACTICE QUESTION
Answer: (c)
Afeef Aslah .T.P 33
PRACTICE QUESTION
Two numbers are in the ratio 2:3. If 9 is added to
each of them, the resulting ratio becomes 3:4. The
greater number is:
a) 27
b) 36
c) 45
d) 54
Afeef Aslah .T.P 34
PRACTICE QUESTION
2𝑥 + 9 3
= ⇒ 8𝑥 + 36 = 9𝑥 + 27 ⇒ 𝑥 = 9
3𝑥 + 9 4
OR
2➔3, 3➔4; 1 unit increase. Thus, x=9
The greater number is 3x = 27
Answer: (a)
Afeef Aslah .T.P 35
PRACTICE QUESTION
Salaries of Ravi and Arun are in the ratio 2 : 3. If
the salary of each is increased by Rs. 400, the new
ratio becomes 12 : 15. What is Arun's salary?
a) Rs 600
b) Rs. 800
c) Rs. 1000
d) Rs. 1200
Afeef Aslah .T.P 36
PRACTICE QUESTION
2𝑥 + 400 12
= ⇒ 30𝑥 + 6000 = 36𝑥 + 4800
3𝑥 + 400 15
1200
⇒𝑥= = 200
6
Arun’s salary = 200 × 3 = 600
Answer: (a)
37
PRACTICE QUESTION
In a hospital, the ratio of doctors to nurses is 3:7. If
there are 210 nurses, what is the total number of
staff in the hospital?
a) 270
b) 300
c) 360
d) 420
38
PRACTICE QUESTION
7𝑥 = 210 ⇒ 𝑥 = 30
Number of nurses 3x = 90
Total = 210 + 90 = 300
Answer: (b)
39
PRACTICE QUESTION
The monthly earnings of Maya and Meera are in the ratio 5:4.
Their monthly expenses are in the ratio 4:3. If each saves Rs
8000 at the end of the month, what is Maya’s monthly income?
a) Rs 20000
b) Rs 28000
c) Rs 32000
d) Rs 40000
40
PRACTICE QUESTION
Let earnings of Maya and Meera be 5x and 4x
And expenses of Maya and Meera be 4y and 3y
Then, 5x-4y = 4x-3y ➔ x = y.
5x-4y = 8000 ➔ 5x-4x =8000 ➔ x = 8000
Maya’s monthly income = 5x = 40000
Answer: (d)
41
PRACTICE QUESTION
Arjun invested Rs 4800 in a startup. After 4 months, Kabir
joined him as a partner. At the end of 1 year, the profit was
divided in the ratio 4:5. What was Kabir’s investment in the
business?
a) Rs 6000
b) Rs 7500
c) Rs 8000
d) Rs 9000
42
PRACTICE QUESTION
Arjun’s capital-months = 4800 × 12 = 57600
Kabir’s capital-months = 𝑋 × 8 = 8𝑋
𝐴 57600 4
Profit Ratio = = ⇒ X=9000
𝐾 8𝑋 5
Answer: (b)
Afeef Aslah .T.P 43
PYQ
A bottle contains 20 litres of liquid A. 4 litres of Liquid A is
taken out of it and replaced by same quantity of liquid B. Again
4 litres of the mixture is taken out and replaced by same
quantity of liquid B. What is the ratio of quantity of liquid A to
that of liquid B in final mixture? (UPSC 2020)
a) 4:1
b) 5:1
c) 16:9
d) 17:8
Afeef Aslah .T.P 44
PYQ
• After removing 4 L of liquid A and adding same quantity of
liquid B, the mixture has 16 L of A and 4 L of B. Ratio of A:B
is 4:1
• Now in 4 L of mixture it has 4/5× 4 = 16/5 L of A and 1/5×
4 = 4/5 L of B
• Replacing this 4 L by 4 L of B. We get Liquid A = 16 – (16/5)
= 64/5 and Liquid B = 4 – (4/5) + 4 = 36/5
• Ratio A:B = 64/5 : 36/5 = 16:9
• Answer: (c)
Afeef Aslah .T.P 45
PYQ
OR
• “Successive Replacement Theory”: if ‘y’ units at first
and then ‘z’ units of some other liquid B is replaced
in ‘x’ units of original liquid A, then the ratio of
quantity of original liquid to total quantity of liquid
A 𝑥−𝑦 𝑥−𝑧
after theses replacements is = × ×. .
A+B 𝑥 𝑥
Afeef Aslah .T.P 46
PYQ
𝑥−𝑦 𝑥−𝑧
• “Successive Replacement Theory” = × ×. .
𝑥 𝑥
𝐴 𝑥−𝑦 𝑥−𝑧 20−4 20−4 16
• = × = × =
𝐴+𝐵 𝑥 𝑥 20 20 25
• ⇒ 𝐴 = 16, 𝐵 = 9
Answer: (c)
Afeef Aslah .T.P 47
PYQ
A milkman has 10 litre of milk in his can. If he draws 5 litre
from it and adds 5 litre water into it, again if he draws 3
litre from it and add 3 litre of water into it, then he draws 2
litre from it and add 2 litre of water into it. What is the ratio
of milk and water now? (UPSC 2019)
a) 3:11
b) 7:18
c) 5:17
d) 9:13
Afeef Aslah .T.P 48
PYQ
Answer: (b)
Afeef Aslah .T.P 49
PYQ
There are two containers X and Y. X contains 100ml of milk and Y
contains 100ml of water. 20 ml of milk is transferred from X is
transferred to Y. After mixing well, 20ml of this mixture in Y is
transferred back to X. If m denotes the proportion of milk in X and n
denotes the proportion of water in Y, then which of the following is
correct? (UPSC 2022)
a) m=n
b) m>n
c) m<n
d) Cannot be determined.
Afeef Aslah .T.P 50
PYQ
• After transferring 20 ml from x,
• x = 80 ml milk, y = 100 ml water + 20 ml milk
• Ratio of water to milk in container Y – 100:20 or 5:1
• So, 20 ml of Y now contains 5/6× 20 = 100/6 water and 1/6× 20 = 20/6 milk
• After transferring 20ml from Y to X, the amount of water and milk in both
containers is as follows:
• In Y, milk = 20 – (20/6) = 100/6 ml and water = 100 – (100/6) = 500/6 ml
• In X, milk = 80 + (20/6) = 500/6 ml and water = 0 + 100/6 = 100/6 ml
• m = milk in X = 500/6
• n = water in Y = 500/6. Hence m = n
Answer: (a)