Let’s identify if the following key words
which are in line with nation and state.
Definite Territory Clan
Race Religion
Sovereignty
Union of families
Tribe
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NATION AND
STATE
STATE NATION
• Government • a population who
• Territory shares a similar
• Population culture and ideals
• Sovereignty
STATE
-is a political term and refers to an area that is
organized for the security of people.
NATION
-tends to focus less on the people’s physical needs
and more on metaphorical or emotional terms.
NEOLIBERALISM AND ECONOMIC SOVEREIGNTY
▪ NEOLIBERALISM
- is the intensification of the influence and dominance of capital. It is the elevation of
capitalism as a mode of production into an ethic, a set of political imperatives, and a
cultural logic.
▪ ECONOMIC SOVEREIGNTY
-it is the power or national governments to make decisions independently of those made
by other governments.
• International Legal Sovereignty –It refers to the acceptance of a given state as a member of the
international community.
• Westphalian Sovereignty –It is based on the principle that one sovereign state should not interfere in
the domestic arrangements of another.
• Interdependence Sovereignty –It is the capacity and willingness to control flows of people, goods
and capital into and out of the country.
• Domestic Sovereignty –It is the capacity of a state to choose and implement policies within the
territory
INTERNATIONALISM AND
GLOBALISM
▪ Globalism
-means “networks of connections spanning
multicontinental distances, drawing them close together
economically, socially, culturally and informationally”.
• Economic
• Military
• Environmental and health
• Social and cultural
• Technological and digital
• Political
COMPETING
CONCEPTIONS OF
INTERNATIONALISM
•Internationalism
-is a political principle that advocates greater political or
economic cooperation among states and nations.
• Liberal Internationalism
• Socialist Internationalism
1. LIBERALINTERNATIONALISM
(Immanuel Kant)
-Without a form of world government, he argued the
international system would be chaotic. In short, Kant imagined a
form of global government.
-an approach to international relations aiming to spread liberal
democracy throughout the world in order to bring an end to
conflicts.
Core Principles of Liberal Internationalism:
a) Promotion of Democracy
b) Economic Interdependence & Free Trade
c) Multilateralism & Global Governance
d) Peaceful Conflict Resolution & International Law
Liberal Internationalism in Action:
✔ United Nations (UN): Promotes peacekeeping, human rights, and development
programs.
✔ European Union (EU): A regional example of liberal internationalism,
promoting free trade and open borders.
✔ Paris Climate Agreement: A multilateral effort to combat climate change
through international cooperation.
✔ World Health Organization (WHO): Coordinates global responses to
pandemics like COVID-19.
2. SOCIALIST INTERNATIONALISM
(Karl Marx)
-He placed a premium on economic equality; he did
not divide the world into countries but into classes:
• Bourgeoisie -capitalist
• Proletariat –working class
Core Principles of Socialist Internationalism:
a) Working-Class Solidarity
b) Anti-Imperialism & Anti-Capitalism
c) Promotion of Socialist Governance
d) International Economic Cooperation
COMPETING CONCEPTIONS OF
INTERNATIONALISM
•Marx and his co-author Fried Engels, believed that in a
socialist revolution seeking to overthrow the state and alter the
economy, the proletariat “had no nation.”
•Instead of identifying with other workers, nationalism could
make workers in individual countries identify with the
capitalist of their countries.
THE INSTITUTIONS that GOVERN
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
• International Nongovernmental
Organizations (INGOS)
• These are international not-for-profit
organizations that perform public functions but
are not established or run by nation-states.
• INGOS are often grassroots organizations and
therefore are much more in touch with the needs
and interests of their membership.
•CARE (Cooperative for Assistance & Relief
Everywhere) INTERNATIONAL
• is a global force and partner of choice within a
world-wide movement dedicated to ending poverty.
It is known everywhere for its unshakable
commitment to the dignity of people.
•WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE
•WWF works with its partners worldwide to
develop and implement lasting solutions to the
environmental challenges we face
•WWF focuses its efforts on two broad areas:
biodiversity and footprint
•GREENPEACE
• Greenpeace is an independent,
campaigning organization which uses
non-violent, creative confrontation to
expose global environmental problems,
and to force solutions for a green and
peaceful future.
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
• are campaigning for a world where
human rights are enjoyed by all. It is
independent of any political ideology,
economic interest or religion.
• It mobilizes millions of supporters
around the world to campaign for change
and to stand in defense of activists on the
frontline.