PROCESS MANAGEMENT (English & Filipino Explanation)

1. Process Management

English

Process Management is the planning, organizing, controlling, and improving of business

processes to achieve high performance, better quality, and customer satisfaction.

Filipino

Ang Process Management ay ang pagpaplano, pag-oorganisa, pagkontrol, at pagpapabuti ng

mga proseso sa negosyo upang makamit ang mataas na kalidad, mahusay na operasyon, at
kasiyahan ng customer.

2. Process Management Principles

English

 Focus on the entire process from start to finish.

 Prevent problems before they happen.

 Everyone is both a customer and a supplier in a process.

 Customer needs guide the process.

 Solve root causes, not just symptoms.

 Simplify processes to reduce errors.

Filipino

 Tinututukan ang buong proseso mula simula hanggang dulo.

 Pinipigilan ang problema bago pa ito mangyari.

 Ang bawat tao ay customer at supplier sa isang proseso.

 Ang pangangailangan ng customer ang gabay ng proseso.

 Hanapin ang ugat ng problema, hindi lamang ang epekto nito.

 Pasimplehin ang proseso upang mabawasan ang pagkakamali.

TYPES OF PROCESSES
3. Value-Creation Processes

English

Processes that directly create products or services and provide value to customers.

Examples:

 Product Design

 Production

 Delivery

Filipino

Mga prosesong direktang gumagawa ng produkto o serbisyo at nagbibigay ng halaga sa

customer.

Halimbawa:

 Pagdidisenyo ng produkto

 Produksyon

 Pagde-deliver

4. Support Processes

English

Processes that help value-creation processes operate effectively.

Examples:

 Human Resources

 Accounting

 Maintenance

Filipino

Mga prosesong sumusuporta sa pangunahing operasyon ng negosyo.

Halimbawa:

 Human Resources
  Accounting

 Maintenance

CONTROL VS IMPROVEMENT

5. Control

English

Ensures that processes meet standards and operate consistently.

Filipino

Tinitiyak na ang proseso ay sumusunod sa pamantayan at maayos ang takbo.

6. Improvement

English

Making processes better to increase quality, efficiency, and customer satisfaction.

Filipino

Pagpapahusay ng proseso upang mapataas ang kalidad, kahusayan, at kasiyahan ng customer.

TECHNIQUES OF PROCESS MANAGEMENT

7. Repeatability

English

A process must happen repeatedly so it can be studied and improved.

Filipino

Ang proseso ay dapat paulit-ulit na nangyayari upang ito ay masuri at mapabuti.

8. Measurement

English

Using data to monitor quality and performance.

Filipino

Paggamit ng datos upang masukat ang kalidad at performance.

ELEMENTS OF PROCESS MANAGEMENT

9. Design

English

Creating and defining the process and its performance standards.

Filipino

Pagbuo at pagtukoy ng proseso at mga pamantayan nito.

10. Control

English

Monitoring performance to ensure consistent results.

Filipino

Pagsubaybay sa proseso upang maging pare-pareho ang resulta.

11. Improvement

English

Setting goals and making changes for better performance.

Filipino

Pagtatakda ng layunin at paggawa ng pagbabago para sa mas magandang performance.

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

12. Design for Manufacturability (DFM)

English

Designing products so they can be produced easily, cheaply, and with high quality.
Filipino

Pagdidisenyo ng produkto upang madali, mura, at mataas ang kalidad ng paggawa nito.

DESIGN QUALITY AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

13. Product Liability

English

Manufacturers are responsible for injuries caused by defective products.

Filipino

May pananagutan ang gumawa ng produkto kung ito ay may depekto at nakasakit ng tao.

14. Design for Environment (DfE)

English

Designing products while considering environmental impact.

Filipino

Pagdidisenyo ng produkto na isinasaalang-alang ang epekto nito sa kalikasan.

STREAMLINING PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

15. Concurrent Engineering

English

Different departments work together simultaneously during product development.

Filipino

Sabay-sabay na nagtutulungan ang iba't ibang departamento sa pagbuo ng produkto.

16. Design Reviews

English

Meetings that identify potential problems before production begins.

Filipino

Mga pagpupulong upang matukoy ang posibleng problema bago magsimula ang produksyon.

DESIGNING PROCESSES FOR QUALITY

Steps (English & Filipino)

1. Identify the Product/Service

o What work do I do?

o Ano ang produktong o serbisyong ginagawa ko?

2. Identify the Customer

o Who is it for?

o Para kanino ito?

3. Identify the Supplier

o What resources are needed?

o Anong mga materyales o resources ang kailangan?

4. Identify the Process

o What are the steps?

o Ano ang mga hakbang?

5. Mistake-Proof the Process

o Reduce errors.

o Bawasan ang pagkakamali.

6. Develop Measurements and Controls

o Evaluate and improve.

o Sukatin at pagbutihin ang proseso.

SERVICE PROCESS DESIGN

17. Physical Facilities

English

Buildings, equipment, and technology used in service delivery.

Filipino

Mga gusali, kagamitan, at teknolohiya na ginagamit sa serbisyo.

18. Employee Behavior

English

How employees interact with customers.

Filipino

Paraan ng pakikitungo ng empleyado sa customer.

19. Professional Judgment

English

Employee decisions based on experience and expertise.

Filipino

Mga desisyong ginagawa ng empleyado batay sa kaalaman at karanasan.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

20. Project

English

A temporary activity with a specific goal.

Filipino

Isang pansamantalang gawain na may tiyak na layunin.

21. Project Management

English
Planning, scheduling, and controlling project activities.

Filipino

Pagpaplano, pag-iiskedyul, at pagkontrol ng mga gawain sa proyekto.

PROJECT LIFE CYCLE

22. Initiation

English

Defining goals and limitations.

Filipino

Pagtukoy ng layunin at limitasyon.

23. Planning

English

Creating a plan and assigning resources.

Filipino

Pagbuo ng plano at paglalaan ng resources.

24. Quality Assurance

English

Ensuring correct processes are used.

Filipino

Pagtitiyak na tama ang ginagamit na proseso.

25. Quality Control

English

Monitoring project performance.

Filipino

Pagsubaybay sa performance ng proyekto.

26. Closure
English

Evaluating project success and lessons learned.

Filipino

Pagsusuri sa tagumpay ng proyekto at mga natutunan.

PROCESS CONTROL

27. Process Control

English

Maintaining stable performance and correcting problems.

Filipino

Pagpapanatili ng maayos na performance at pagwawasto ng problema.

28. Components of Control System

Standard or Goal

English: Target performance.

Filipino: Itinakdang pamantayan o target.

Measurement

English: Measure actual performance.

Filipino: Pagsukat ng aktwal na resulta.

Comparison and Feedback

English: Compare results with standards and take corrective action.

Filipino: Ihambing ang resulta sa pamantayan at gumawa ng pagwawasto.

AFTER ACTION REVIEW

English Questions

1. What was supposed to happen?

2. What actually happened?

 3. Why was there a difference?

4. What can we learn?

Filipino Questions

1. Ano ang dapat mangyari?

2. Ano ang talagang nangyari?

3. Bakit nagkaroon ng pagkakaiba?

4. Ano ang natutunan natin?

PROCESS IMPROVEMENT

29. Kaizen

English

Continuous, small improvements involving everyone.

Filipino

Tuloy-tuloy at maliliit na pagpapabuti na kinasasangkutan ng lahat.

30. Flexibility

English

Ability to adapt quickly to changes.

Filipino

Kakayahang mabilis na umangkop sa pagbabago.

31. Cycle Time

English

The time required to complete one process cycle.

Filipino

Ang oras na kailangan upang matapos ang isang buong proseso.

BREAKTHROUGH IMPROVEMENT

32. Breakthrough Improvement

English

Major and dramatic improvements achieved through innovation.

Filipino

Malalaki at makabuluhang pagbabago na nakakamit sa pamamagitan ng inobasyon.

33. Stretch Goals

English

Challenging goals that encourage extraordinary performance.

Filipino

Mataas at mahirap na layunin na nagtutulak sa organisasyon na gumawa ng mas mahusay.

BENCHMARKING

34. Benchmarking

English

Comparing processes with industry leaders to identify best practices.

Filipino

Paghahambing ng proseso sa pinakamahusay na kumpanya upang matukoy ang pinakamahusay

na paraan ng paggawa.

Types

 Competitive Benchmarking – compare with competitors.

 Process Benchmarking – compare work processes.

 Strategic Benchmarking – compare business strategies.

Filipino
  Competitive – paghahambing sa kakumpitensya.

 Process – paghahambing ng proseso ng trabaho.

 Strategic – paghahambing ng mga estratehiya.

REENGINEERING

35. Reengineering

English

A radical redesign of business processes to improve cost, quality, service, and speed.

Filipino

Isang malawakang pagbabago sa proseso ng negosyo upang mapabuti ang gastos, kalidad,
serbisyo, at bilis.

Key Questions

 Why do we do it?

 Why is it done this way?

Filipino

 Bakit natin ito ginagawa?

 Bakit ganito ang paraan ng paggawa?

SIMPLE SUMMARY

English

Process Management focuses on designing, controlling, and improving processes to create value
for customers. It uses quality control, continuous improvement (Kaizen), benchmarking, and
reengineering to achieve better performance and customer satisfaction.

Filipino

Ang Process Management ay nakatuon sa pagdidisenyo, pagkontrol, at pagpapabuti ng mga

proseso upang makalikha ng halaga para sa customer. Gumagamit ito ng quality control, Kaizen,
benchmarking, at reengineering upang mapabuti ang performance at kasiyahan ng customer.

PROCESS SELECTION (English & Filipino Explanation)

1. Process Selection

English

Process Selection is the strategic decision of choosing the best way to organize people,
machines, materials, and activities to produce products or deliver services.

It determines:

 How work will be done

 Cost of production

 Efficiency

 Flexibility

 Product quality

Filipino

Ang Process Selection ay ang pagpili ng pinakamahusay na paraan kung paano isasaayos ang
tao, makina, materyales, at mga gawain upang makagawa ng produkto o makapagbigay ng
serbisyo.

Ito ang nagtatakda ng:

 Paano gagawin ang trabaho

 Gastos sa produksyon

 Kahusayan (Efficiency)

 Kakayahang mag-adjust (Flexibility)

 Kalidad ng produkto o serbisyo

FACTORS AFFECTING PROCESS SELECTION

2. Volume of Output

English

The number of products or services produced.

 High volume → Assembly Line or Continuous Flow

  Low volume → Project or Job Shop

Filipino

Ito ang dami ng produktong ginagawa.

 Maraming produkto → Assembly Line

 Kaunting produkto → Project o Job Shop

Example
Toyota produces thousands of cars every day, so it uses an Assembly Line.

3. Variety of Products/Services

English

How many different types of products or services are offered.

 High variety → Customized

 Low variety → Standardized

Filipino

Ito ang dami ng iba't ibang uri ng produkto o serbisyo.

 Maraming pagpipilian → Customized

 Kaunti at pare-pareho → Standardized

Example
Starbucks has many drink combinations.

4. Cost Considerations

English

The cost of labor, materials, and equipment.

Businesses choose processes that reduce costs while maintaining quality.

Filipino

Kasama rito ang gastos sa manggagawa, materyales, at makina.

Pinipili ng negosyo ang prosesong makakatipid ngunit mataas pa rin ang kalidad.
5. Technology Availability

English

The available technology affects process selection.

More automation = faster production.

Filipino

Nakaaapekto ang teknolohiya sa pagpili ng proseso.

Mas maraming automation = mas mabilis ang produksyon.

6. Quality Standards

English

Customer expectations and industry standards influence the process.

Filipino

Nakabatay rin ang proseso sa inaasahang kalidad ng customer at industriya.

7. Flexibility Needs

English

The ability to respond quickly to changes in customer demand.

Filipino

Kakayahang mag-adjust kapag nagbago ang pangangailangan ng customer.

TYPES OF PROCESSES

8. Project Process

English

A process used for unique, one-time projects.

Each project is different.

Examples:

 Construction

 Film production

 Wedding planning

Filipino

Ginagamit para sa mga natatangi at minsanang proyekto.

Bawat proyekto ay iba.

Halimbawa

 Pagpapatayo ng bahay

 Paggawa ng pelikula

 Wedding planner

9. Job Shop Process

English

Produces customized products in small quantities.

Flexible but expensive.

Examples:

 Tailor shop

 Hospital

 Custom furniture

Filipino

Gumagawa ng kakaunti ngunit customized na produkto.

Flexible ngunit mas mahal ang gastos.

Halimbawa

 Tailoring shop
  Hospital

 Custom-made furniture

10. Batch Process

English

Products are produced in groups or batches.

Moderate volume and moderate variety.

Examples:

 Bakery

 Clothing factory

 Printing shop

Filipino

Ang mga produkto ay ginagawa nang maramihan ngunit bawat grupo lamang.

Katamtamang dami at iba't ibang produkto.

Halimbawa

 Panaderya

 Clothing factory

 Printing shop

11. Assembly Line Process

English

Produces standardized products using repetitive tasks.

Best for high-volume production.

Examples:

 Toyota

 Fast-food kitchens
Filipino

Gumagawa ng pare-parehong produkto gamit ang paulit-ulit na gawain.

Pinakamainam sa malakihang produksyon.

Halimbawa

 Toyota

 McDonald's Kitchen

12. Continuous Flow Process

English

Production runs continuously, often 24 hours a day.

Best for products that never stop flowing.

Examples:

 Oil refinery

 Chemical plant

 Power plant

Filipino

Tuloy-tuloy ang produksyon, kadalasang 24 oras.

Ginagamit sa mga produktong hindi dapat huminto ang paggawa.

Halimbawa

 Oil refinery

 Chemical plant

 Power plant

PROCESS RELATIONSHIP TO TQM

English

Choosing the correct process:

  Reduces waste

 Improves quality

 Lowers costs

 Shortens production time

Filipino

Ang tamang pagpili ng proseso ay:

 Nagbabawas ng basura

 Nagpapataas ng kalidad

 Nagpapababa ng gastos

 Nagpapabilis ng produksyon

PRODUCTION SPECTRUM

English

Project → Job Shop → Batch → Assembly Line → Continuous Flow

As production increases:

 Volume increases

 Variety decreases

 Efficiency increases

 Flexibility decreases

Filipino

Project → Job Shop → Batch → Assembly Line → Continuous Flow

Habang lumalaki ang produksyon:

 Dumadami ang output

 Kumakaunti ang variety

 Tumataas ang efficiency

 Bumababa ang flexibility

FACILITY LAYOUT

13. Facility Layout

English

Facility Layout is the arrangement of machines, equipment, departments, and workstations to

achieve efficient movement of people, materials, and information.

It answers:
"Where should everything be placed?"

Filipino

Ang Facility Layout ay ang tamang pag-aayos ng mga makina, kagamitan, departamento, at
workstations upang maging mabilis at maayos ang daloy ng trabaho.

Sinasagot nito ang tanong:

"Saan dapat ilagay ang lahat?"

OBJECTIVES OF FACILITY LAYOUT

English

 Efficient workflow

 Lower costs

 Better space utilization

 Worker safety

 Flexibility

 Higher quality

 Customer satisfaction

Filipino

 Maayos na daloy ng trabaho

 Mababang gastos

 Mas mahusay na paggamit ng espasyo

  Kaligtasan ng manggagawa

 Kakayahang mag-adjust

 Mataas na kalidad

 Masayang customer

TYPES OF FACILITY LAYOUT

14. Product Layout (Line Layout)

English

Machines are arranged according to the production sequence.

Best for:

 High volume

 Standardized products

Advantages

 Fast

 Efficient

 Low production cost

Disadvantages

 Not flexible

 One machine failure stops the whole line

Examples
Toyota Assembly Line
Fast-food kitchen

Filipino

Inaayos ang mga makina ayon sa pagkakasunod-sunod ng paggawa.

Pinakamainam para sa:

 Maramihang produksyon
  Pare-parehong produkto

Bentahe

 Mabilis

 Mataas ang efficiency

 Mababang gastos

Disbentahe

 Hindi flexible

 Kapag nasira ang isang bahagi, maaaring tumigil ang buong linya

15. Process Layout (Functional Layout)

English

Machines with similar functions are grouped together.

Best for:

 Customized work

 Low-volume production

Examples

 Hospital

 Machine shop

 Starbucks

Filipino

Pinagsasama-sama ang magkakaparehong gawain o departamento.

Pinakamainam para sa:

 Customized na produkto

 Kaunting produksyon

Halimbawa

 Hospital
  Machine shop

 Starbucks

16. Fixed-Position Layout

English

The product stays in one place while workers and equipment move.

Examples

 Shipbuilding

 Airplane manufacturing

 Construction

Filipino

Hindi gumagalaw ang produkto; ang mga manggagawa at kagamitan ang lumilipat.

Halimbawa

 Shipbuilding

 Airplane manufacturing

 Construction

17. Cellular Layout

English

Machines are arranged into work cells for similar products.

Combines:

 Product Layout

 Process Layout

Examples

 Electronics manufacturing

 Computer assembly
Filipino

Inaayos ang mga makina sa maliliit na grupo (cells) para sa magkakatulad na produkto.

Pinagsasama nito ang:

 Product Layout

 Process Layout

Halimbawa

 Electronics

 Computer assembly

TQM IN FACILITY LAYOUT

English

A good facility layout:

 Reduces waste

 Improves employee safety

 Increases customer satisfaction

 Supports Kaizen (continuous improvement)

Filipino

Ang magandang facility layout ay:

 Nagbabawas ng basura

 Nagpapataas ng kaligtasan

 Nagpapasaya sa customer

 Sumusuporta sa Kaizen o tuloy-tuloy na pagpapabuti

CASE EXAMPLES

18. Toyota Assembly Line

English
Toyota uses an Assembly Line Process and Product Layout because it produces thousands of
standardized cars.

Advantages

 High efficiency

 Fast production

 Low cost

 Supports Lean Manufacturing and Just-in-Time (JIT)

Disadvantages

 Low flexibility

 If one station fails, the whole production line may stop

Filipino

Ginagamit ng Toyota ang Assembly Line Process at Product Layout dahil gumagawa ito ng libu-
libong magkakaparehong sasakyan.

Bentahe

 Mataas ang efficiency

 Mabilis ang produksyon

 Mababang gastos

 Angkop sa Lean Manufacturing at Just-in-Time (JIT)

Disbentahe

 Hindi gaanong flexible

 Kapag nasira ang isang istasyon, maaaring tumigil ang buong linya

19. Starbucks Process Layout

English

Starbucks uses a Job Shop/Process-Oriented Process with a Process Layout because each drink
can be customized based on the customer's order.

Stations include:
  Order & Payment

 Espresso Station

 Blending/Customization

 Pickup Counter

Advantages

 High customization

 Better customer experience

Disadvantages

 Slower service during peak hours

 Higher labor costs

Filipino

Ginagamit ng Starbucks ang Job Shop/Process-Oriented Process at Process Layout dahil

maaaring i-customize ang bawat inumin ayon sa gusto ng customer.

Mga istasyon:

 Order at Payment

 Espresso Station

 Blending o Customization

 Pickup Counter

Bentahe

 Mataas ang customization

 Mas magandang customer experience

Disbentahe

 Mas mabagal ang serbisyo kapag maraming customer

 Mas mataas ang gastos sa manggagawa

EASY SUMMARY (English & Filipino)

English

Process Selection is choosing the best production method based on product volume, variety,
cost, technology, quality, and flexibility. Facility Layout is arranging machines, people, and
workstations efficiently to support that process. The right combination improves productivity,
reduces costs and waste, and increases customer satisfaction.

Filipino

Ang Process Selection ay ang pagpili ng pinakamahusay na paraan ng produksyon batay sa dami
ng produkto, uri ng produkto, gastos, teknolohiya, kalidad, at flexibility. Ang Facility Layout
naman ay ang tamang pag-aayos ng mga makina, tao, at workstations upang maging mabilis at
maayos ang operasyon. Ang tamang kombinasyon ng dalawa ay nagpapataas ng produktibidad,
nagpapababa ng gastos at basura, at nagpapasaya sa mga customer.