Tutorial_02 Solution

Q1:Perform the following data preprocessing operations:

Unprocessed data

Deflection
S. No Time (s) (mm) Load (N) Strain (%) Stress (MPa)
1 0 0 0 0 0
2 0.05 0.00006 125.83551 0.00033 20.9572
3 0.6 0.00107 128.52016 0.0046 21.42003
4 1.05 0.00098 130.84497 0.00424 21.8075
5 2.05 0.01725 310.18271 0.07443 51.69712
6 2.56 0.02912 490.25311 0.12564 81.70885
7 3.05 NA 660.56055 0.17755 110.09342
8 3.56 0.05585 789.90216 0.24094 131.65036
9 4.06 0.07289 831.37482 0.31444 138.56247
10 4.56 0.08624 849.51392 0.37204 141.58565
11 5.06 0.09718 865.50165 0.41923 144.25027
12 6.06 0.12013 NA 0.51825 148.9617
13 6.66 0.13461 908.53363 0.5807 151.42227
14 31.56 0.71286 1215.85181 3.07526 202.64197
15 56.56 1.28862 1405.85266 NA 234.30878
16 81.66 1.87534 1499.93762 8.09013 249.9896
17 106.66 2.45466 1602.19519 10.5893 267.03253
18 131.66 3.03675 1710.6539 13.10038 270.7147
19 156.66 3.60909 1688.62575 15.56945 NA
20 181.66 4.19448 1693.66357 23.09433 282.27726
21 206.56 4.77425 1675.76172 20.59588 279.29362
22 231.56 5.35019 1707.99048 23.08046 284.66508
 Q_1_ (a, b, c)
Deflection
S. No Time (s) (mm) Load (N) Strain (%) Stress (MPa)
1 0 0 0 0 0
2 0.05 0.00006 125.84 0.00033 20.96
3 0.6 0.00107 128.52 0.0046 21.42
4 1.05 0.00916 130.84 0.03952 21.81
5 2.05 0.01725 310.18 0.07443 51.7
6 2.56 0.02912 490.25 0.12564 81.71
7 3.05 0.04249 660.56 0.17755 110.09
8 3.56 0.05585 789.9 0.24094 131.65
9 4.06 0.07289 831.37 0.31444 138.56
10 4.56 0.08624 849.51 0.37204 141.59
11 5.06 0.09718 865.5 0.41923 144.25
12 6.06 0.12013 887.02 0.51825 148.96
13 6.66 0.13461 908.53 0.5807 151.42
14 31.56 0.71286 1215.85 3.07526 202.64
15 56.56 1.28862 1405.85 5.5827 234.31
16 81.66 1.87534 1499.94 8.09013 249.99
17 106.66 2.45466 1602.2 10.5893 267.03
18 131.66 3.03675 1645.42 13.10038 270.71
19 156.66 3.60909 1688.63 15.56945 276.5
20 181.66 4.19448 1693.66 18.08267 282.28
21 206.56 4.77425 1700.83 20.59588 283.48
22 231.56 5.35019 1707.99 23.08046 284.67

min 0 0 0 0
max 5.35019 1707.99 23.08046 284.67
 Q_1_d: Scaled data
Deflection
S. No Time (s) (mm) Load (N) Strain (%) Stress (MPa)
1 0 0 0 0 0
2 0.05 0.00001 0.07 0.00001 0.07
3 0.6 0.0002 0.08 0.0002 0.08
4 1.05 0.00171 0.08 0.00171 0.08
5 2.05 0.00322 0.18 0.00322 0.18
6 2.56 0.00544 0.29 0.00544 0.29
7 3.05 0.00794 0.39 0.00769 0.39
8 3.56 0.01044 0.46 0.01044 0.46
9 4.06 0.01362 0.49 0.01362 0.49
10 4.56 0.01612 0.5 0.01612 0.5
11 5.06 0.01816 0.51 0.01816 0.51
12 6.06 0.02245 0.52 0.02245 0.52
13 6.66 0.02516 0.53 0.02516 0.53
14 31.56 0.13324 0.71 0.13324 0.71
15 56.56 0.24085 0.82 0.24188 0.82
16 81.66 0.35052 0.88 0.35052 0.88
17 106.66 0.4588 0.94 0.4588 0.94
18 131.66 0.5676 0.96 0.5676 0.95
19 156.66 0.67457 0.99 0.67457 0.97
20 181.66 0.78399 0.99 0.78346 0.99
21 206.56 0.89235 0.99 0.89235 1
22 231.56 1 1 1 1
Q2: Analyze the UNSCALED processed data:
A. Plot the Stress vs Strain curve:

Analysis of unscaled data Q_2

Strain (%) Stress (MPa)
0 0
0.00033 20.96
0.0046 21.42
0.03952 21.81
0.07443 51.7
0.12564 81.71
0.17755 110.09
0.24094 131.65
0.31444 138.56
0.37204 141.59
0.41923 144.25
0.51825 148.96
0.5807 151.42
3.07526 202.64
5.5827 234.31
8.09013 249.99
10.5893 267.03
13.10038 270.71
15.56945 276.5
18.08267 282.28
20.59588 283.48
23.08046 284.67

Stress vs Strain
300.0

250.0

200.0
Stress (MPa)

150.0

100.0

50.0

0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Strain (%)
 B. Identify the Elastic region and perform the following tasks.

Strain (%) Stress (MPa)

0 0
0.00033 20.96
0.0046 21.42
0.03952 21.81
0.07443 51.7
0.12564 81.71
0.17755 110.09
0.24094 131.65
0.31444 138.56

Determination of Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r)

Determination_of_r_value_for_strain_stress
x y X^2 Y^2 xy
0.00033 20.96 0.0000001089 439.3216 0.0069168
0.0046 21.42 0.00002116 458.8164 0.098532

0.03952 21.81 0.001561435225 475.6761 0.86182215

0.07443 51.7 0.0055398249 2672.89 3.848031
0.12564 81.71 0.0157854096 6676.5241 10.2660444
0.17755 110.09 0.0315240025 12119.8081 19.5464795
0.24094 131.65 0.0580520836 17331.7225 31.719751
0.31444 138.56 0.0988725136 19198.8736 43.5688064

0.97745 577.9 0.211356538 59373.6324 109.9163833

r 0.9777713926
Determination_of_r_value_for_load_deflection
x y x^2 Y^2 xy
0.00006 125.84 0.0000000036 15835.7056 0.0075504
0.00107 128.52 0.0000011449 16517.3904 0.1375164
0.00916 130.84 0.0000839056 17119.1056 1.1984944
0.01725 310.18 0.0002975625 96211.6324 5.350605
0.02912 490.25 0.0008479744 240345.0625 14.27608
0.04249 660.56 0.0018054001 436339.5136 28.0671944
0.05585 789.9 0.0031192225 623942.01 44.115915
0.07289 831.37 0.0053129521 691176.0769 60.5985593

0.22789 3467.46 0.011468166 2137486.497 153.7519149

r 0.9783172831

● Get the visual best fit. (For Stress vs Strain)

● Calculate the Coefficient of Determination (R2) for the visual best fit:

Q_2_Coefficient of Determination (R2) for the visual best fit

x y_true y_pred (y_true-y_pred)2 (y_true-y_mean)2
(strain) (stress) (visual_best)
0.00033 20.96 20.13655022 0.6780695381 2629.382006
0.0046 21.42 21.96231891 0.2941097977 2582.418306
0.03952 21.81 36.89129167 227.4453584 2542.932756
0.07443 51.7 51.82026443 0.01446353302 421.7889063
0.12564 81.71 73.71666125 63.89346433 89.72825625
0.17755 110.09 95.91236442 201.0053507 1432.811756
0.24094 131.65 123.0166916 74.53401405 3529.845156
0.31444 138.56 154.4438575 252.2969293 4398.674006

y_mean 72.2375 820.1617596 17627.58115

R^2 0.9534728133

C. Determine the following mechanical properties for AA5083:

● ‘E’ using the visual best fit = 42.7 GPa.

● ‘E’ using the given data set = 58.4 GPa (excluding values corresponding to rows
1,2 and 3)

Yield Stress at 0.2%

Using the
Graph paper 150 MPa
Modulus of Resilience
Using Visual
Best Fit 0.24 MJ/m3
Data Points 0.21 MJ/m3
Breaking Strength
Data Points 284.67 MPa
Toughness
From Graph 48 MJ/m3
.
Estimation of Yield Stress from graph
Estimation of Toughness

Divide the area under the stress – strain graph into two region – (1) and (2)- and add both areas
to get the toughness