CHAPTER – 4 ( INTRODUCTION TO PROBLEM SOLVING )
Question 1 :
Write pseudocode that reads two numbers and divide one by another and display
the quotient.
Answer :
number1 = float(input("Enter the first number: "))
number2 = float(input("Enter the second number: "))
if number2 == 0:
print("Error: Division by zero is not allowed.")
else:
quotient = number1 / number2
print("The quotient is:", quotient)
Question 2 :
Two friends decide who gets the last slice of a cake by flipping a coin five times.
The first person to win three flips wins the cake. An input of 1 means player 1
wins a flip, and a 2 means player 2 wins a flip. Design an algorithm to determine
who takes the cake?
Answer :
def determine_winner(flips):
player1_score = 0
player2_score = 0
# Process each flip
for flip in flips:
if flip == 1:
player1_score += 1
elif flip == 2:
player2_score += 1
# Check if any player has won 3 flips
if player1_score == 3:
return "Player 1 wins the cake!"
elif player2_score == 3:
return "Player 2 wins the cake!"
return "No player won after 5 flips." #for tie conditions
result = determine_winner(flips)
print(result)
Question 3 :
Write the pseudocode to print all multiples of 5 between 10 and 25 (including both
10 and 25).
Answer :
# Define the start and end values
start = 10
end = 25
for number in range(start, end + 1):
# Check if the number is a multiple of 5
if number % 5 == 0:
# Print the number
print(number)
Question 4 :
Give an example of a loop that is to be executed a certain number of times.
Answer :
Suppose we have a certain number starting from 11 to 16. The loop will be executed
as follow:
seti: = 11
fori: = 11 to 16 do
print i
end loop
Question 5 :
Suppose you are collecting money for something. You need ` 200 in all. You ask
your parents, uncles and aunts as well as grandparents. Different people may give
either ` 10, ` 20 or even ` 50. You will collect till the total becomes 200. Write the
algorithm.
Answer :
Step 1: Initialize total amount collected
total_amount = 0
Step 2: Continue collecting money until the total amount is at least 200
while total_amount < 200:
Step 3: Ask the contributor for their donation
donation = int(input("Enter the amount donated (10, 20, or 50): "))
Step 4: Check if the donation is valid
if donation in [10, 20, 50]:
Step 5: Add the donation to the total amount
total_amount += donation
Step 6: Print the current total amount
print("Current total amount collected:", total_amount)
Else:
Step 7: Inform the user about the invalid donation amount
print("Invalid donation amount. Please enter 10, 20, or 50.")
8: Final message when the total amount reaches or exceeds 200
print("Total amount of 200 has been reached.")
Question 6 :
Write the pseudocode to print the bill depending upon the price and quantity of an
item. Also print Bill GST, which is the bill after adding 5% of tax in the total bill.
Answer :
Step 1: Input the price of the item
PRINT "Enter the price of the item: "
price = READ input
Step 2: Input the quantity of the item
PRINT "Enter the quantity of the item: "
quantity = READ input
Step 3: Calculate the total bill before tax
total_bill = price * quantity
Step 4: Calculate GST (5% of the total bill)
gst = total_bill * 0.05
Step 5: Calculate the total bill including GST
total_bill_with_gst = total_bill + gst
Step 6: Print the total bill before tax
PRINT "Total bill before GST: ", total_bill
Step 7: Print the GST amount
PRINT "GST (5%): ", gst
Step 8: Print the total bill including GST
PRINT "Total bill including GST: ", total_bill_with_gst
Question 7 :
Write a pseudocode that will perform the following: a) Read the marks of three
subjects: Computer Science, Mathematics and Physics, out of 100 b) Calculate the
aggregate marks c) Calculate the percentage of marks.
Answer :
Step 1: Read the marks for each subject
PRINT "Enter the marks for Computer Science (out of 100): "
computer_science_marks = READ input
PRINT "Enter the marks for Mathematics (out of 100): "
mathematics_marks = READ input
PRINT "Enter the marks for Physics (out of 100): "
physics_marks = READ input
Step 2: Calculate the aggregate marks
aggregate_marks = computer_science_marks + mathematics_marks +
physics_marks
Step 3: Calculate the percentage of marks
// Total maximum marks for three subjects
total_maximum_marks = 300
// Percentage calculation
percentage = (aggregate_marks / total_maximum_marks) * 100
Step 4: Print the results
PRINT "Aggregate marks: ", aggregate_marks
PRINT "Percentage: ", percentage
Question 8 :
Write an algorithm to find the greatest among two different numbers entered by the
user.
Answer :
Step 1: Read the first number
PRINT "Enter the first number: "
number1 = READ input
Step 2: Read the second number
PRINT "Enter the second number: "
number2 = READ input
Step 3: Compare the two numbers
IF number1 > number2 THEN
Step 4: Print the first number as the greatest
PRINT "The greatest number is: ", number1
ELSE
Step 5: Print the second number as the greatest
PRINT "The greatest number is: ", number2
END IF
Question 9 :
Write an algorithm that performs the following: Ask a user to enter a number. If the
number is between 5 and 15, write the word GREEN. If the number is between 15
and 25, write the word BLUE. if the number is between 25 and 35, write the word
ORANGE. If it is any other number, write that ALL COLOURS ARE BEAUTIFUL.
Answer :
Step 1: INPUT n
Step 2: IF n>5 And n<15 THEN
Step 3: PRINT “GREEN”
Step 4: ELSE IF n>15 And n<225 THEN
Step 5: PRINT “BLUE”
Step 6: ELSE IF n>25 And n<35 THEN
Step 7: PRINT “ORANGE”
Step 8: ELSE
PRINT “ALL COLOURS ARE BEAUTIFUL”
Step 9: End IF
Question 10 :
Write an algorithm that accepts four numbers as input and find the largest and
smallest of them.
Answer :
Input first number
Input second number
Input third number
Input fourth number
Set lst = [ first , second, third , fourth ]
Sort the lst
[Link]( )
Print greatest number is lst [ -1 ]
Print smallest number is lst [ 0 ]
Question 11 :
Write an algorithm to display the total water bill charges of the month depending
upon the number of units consumed by the customer as per the following criteria:
for the first 100 units @ 5 per unit
for next 150 units @ 10 per unit
more than 250 units @ 20 per unit Also add meter charges of 75 per month
to calculate the total water bill .
Answer :
Step 1: INPUT units
Setp 2: SET bill := 0
Step 3: IF units > 250 THEN
COMPUTE bill := units * 20
ELSE
IF units <= 100 THEN
COMPUTE bill := units * 5
ELSE
COMPUTE bill := 100 * 5 + (units – 100) * 10
END IF
Step 4: END IF
Step 5: COMPUTE total_Bill := bill + 75
Step 6: PRINT total_Bil
Question 12 :
What are conditionals? When they are required in a program?
Answer :
In programming conditionals are used for providing the condition to values, input and
output. There are various conditional statements are there to evaluate the expression.
Generally conditional statement give us a output in the form of true or false which is
known as Boolean value.
Conditionals are required in program to check whether the value is satisfied with
required output or not.
Question 13 :
Following is an algorithm to classify numbers as “Single Digit”, “Double Digit” or
“Big”. Classify_Numbers_Algo
INPUT Number
IF Number < 9
“Single Digit”
Else If Number < 99
“Double Digit”
Else
“Big”
Verify for (5, 9, 47, 99, 100 200) and correct the algorithm if required.
Answer :
For given data,
5 and 9 are single digit number, so it will print “single digit”
47 and 99 are double digit number, so it will print “double digit”
100 and 200 is a three digit number, so it will print “big”
Correct algorithm:
Step 1: INPUT Number
Step 2: IF Number <= 9
“Single Digit”
Step 3: Else If Number <= 99
“Double Digit”
Step 4: Else
“Big”
Step 5: End IF
Question 14 :
Write a pseudocode to calculate the factorial of a number (Hint: Factorial of 5,
written as 5!=5*4*3*2*1 )
Answer :
INPUT number
SET factorial := 1, i := 1
WHILE i<= number DO
COMPUTE factorial := factorial * i
INCREASE i by 1
END LOOP
PRINT factorial
Question 15 :
Following is an algorithm to classify numbers as “Single Digit”, “Double Digit” or
“Big”. Classify_Numbers_Algo
INPUT Number
IF Number < 9
“Single Digit”
Else If Number < 99
“Double Digit”
Else
“Big”
Verify for (5, 9, 47, 99, 100 200) and correct the algorithm if required.
Answer :
For given data,
5 and 9 are single digit number, so it will print “single digit”
47 and 99 are double digit number, so it will print “double digit”
100 and 200 is a three digit number, so it will print “big”
Correct algorithm:
Step 1: INPUT Number
Step 2: IF Number <= 9
“Single Digit”
Step 3: Else If Number <= 99
“Double Digit”
Step 4: Else
“Big”
Step 5: End IF
Question 16 :
For some calculations, we want an algorithm that accepts only positive integers
upto 100.Accept_1to100_Algo
INPUT Number
IF (0<= Number) AND (Number <= 100)
ACCEPT
Else
REJECT
a) On what values will this algorithm fail?
b) Can you improve the algorithm?
Answer :
a) On what values will this algorithm fail?
This algorithm fails at value 0. Because in condition we specify “greater than equal to
operator”. So it will accept zero also.
b) Can you improve the algorithm?
Correct algorithm:
INPUT Number
IF (0<Number) AND (Number <= 100)
ACCEPT
Else
REJECT