***Aerodrome. A defined area on land or water (including any Change-over point.
The point at which an aircraft navigating on an
buildings, installations and equipment) intended to be used either ATS route segment defined by reference to very high frequency
wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of omnidirectional radio ranges is expected to transfer its primary
aircraft. navigational reference from the facility behind the aircraft to the next
***Air traffic control service. A service provided for the purpose of: facility ahead of the aircraft.
a) preventing collisions: Clearance limit. The point to which an aircraft is granted an air traffic
1) between aircraft, and control clearance.
2) on the manoeuvring area between aircraft and obstructions; and Controlled airspace. An airspace of defined dimensions within which
b) expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic. air traffic control service is provided in accordance with the airspace
Advisory airspace. An airspace of defined dimensions, or designated classification.
route, within which air traffic advisory service is available. Control zone. A controlled airspace extending upwards from the
Advisory route. A designated route along which air traffic advisory surface of the earth to a specified upper limit.
service is available. Cruising level. A level maintained during a significant portion of a
Aerodrome traffic. All traffic on the manoeuvring area of an flight.
aerodrome and all aircraft flying in the vicinity of an Aerodrome. Flight information region. An airspace of defined dimensions within
Vicinity. An aircraft is in the vicinity of an aerodrome when it is in, which flight information service and alerting service are provided.
entering or leaving an aerodrome traffic circuit. Flight level. A surface of constant atmospheric pressure which is
Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP). A publication issued by related to a specific pressure datum, 1 013.2 hectopascals (hPa), and is
or with the authority of a State and containing aeronautical information separated from other such surfaces by specific pressure intervals.
of a lasting character essential to air navigation. Flight plan. Specified information provided to air traffic services units,
Aircraft. Any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from relative to an intended flight or portion of a flight of an aircraft.
the reactions of the air other than the reactions of the air against the Height. The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered
earth’s surface. as a point, measured from a specified datum.
Air-ground communication. Two-way communication between Level. A generic term relating to the vertical position of an aircraft in
aircraft and stations or locations on the surface of the earth. flight and meaning variously, height, altitude or flight level.
***Movement area. That part of an aerodrome to be used for the ***Manoeuvring area. That part of an aerodrome to be used for the
take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, consisting of the manoeuvring take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, excluding aprons.
area and the apron(s). Reporting point. A specified geographical location in relation to which
Air-taxiing. Movement of a helicopter/VTOL above the surface of an the position of an aircraft can be reported.
aerodrome, normally in ground effect and at a ground speed normally Runway. A defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for
less than 37 km/h (20 kt). the landing and take-off of aircraft.
Air traffic. All aircraft in flight or operating on the manoeuvring area Runway visual range (RVR). The range over which the pilot of an
of an aerodrome. aircraft on the centre line of a runway can see the runway surface
Air traffic service. A generic term meaning variously, flight markings or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centre
information service, alerting service, air traffic advisory service, air line.
traffic control service (area control service, approach control service or Taxiing. Movement of an aircraft on the surface of an aerodrome under
aerodrome control service). its own power, excluding take-off and landing.
Airway. A control area or portion thereof established in the form of a Terminal control area. A control area normally established at the
corridor. confluence of ATS routes in the vicinity of one or more major
Altitude. The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object aerodromes.
considered as a point, measured from mean sea level.
Apron. A defined area, on a land aerodrome, intended to accommodate
aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading passengers, mail or cargo,
fuelling, parking or maintenance.
ATS route. A specified route designed for channeling the flow of
traffic as necessary for the provision of air traffic services.
The objectives of the air traffic services shall be to: Air traffic control service shall be provided:
a) prevent collisions between aircraft; a) to all IFR flights in airspace Classes A, B, C, D and E;
b) prevent collisions between aircraft on the manoeuvring area and b) to all VFR flights in airspace Classes B, C and D;
obstructions on that area; c) to all special VFR flights;
c) expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic; d) to all aerodrome traffic at controlled aerodromes.
d) provide advice and information useful for the safe and efficient Clearances issued by air traffic control units shall provide
conduct of flights; separation:
e) notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of search a) between all flights in airspace Classes A and B;
and rescue aid, and assist such organizations as required. b) between IFR flights in airspace Classes C, D and E;
The flight crew shall read back to the air traffic controller c) between IFR flights and VFR flights in airspace Class C;
safety-related parts of ATC clearances and instructions which d) between IFR flights and special VFR flights;
are transmitted by voice. e) between special VFR flights when so prescribed by the appropriate
The following items shall always be read back: ATS authority,
a) ATC route clearances; ATIS=Automatic Terminal Information Service
b) clearances and instructions to enter, land on, take off from, hold short TCP=Transfer of Control Point
of, cross and backtrack on any runway; and UTC=Corrdinated Universal Time
c)runway-in-use, altimeter settings, SSR codes, level instructions, MSL=Mean Sea Level
heading and speed instructions and, whether issued by the controller or SSR Code= Secondary Surveillance Radar Code
contained in ATIS broadcasts, transition levels. INCERFA=Uncertainty phase
Flight information service shall be provided to all aircraft which PANS=Procedures for Air Navigation Services
are likely to be affected by the information and which are: SARPS=Standards And Recommended Practices
a) provided with air traffic control service; or RADAR=Radio detection and ranging
b) otherwise known to the relevant air traffic services units. WGS=World Geodical Surveay
Alerting service shall be provided: ALERFA=,Alert phase
a) for all aircraft provided with air traffic control service; ALERFA=Distress phase
b) in so far as practicable, to all other aircraft having filed a flight plan An air traffic control clearance shall indicate:
or otherwise known to the air traffic services; and a) aircraft identification as shown in the flight plan;
c) to any aircraft known or believed to be the subject of unlawful b) clearance limit;
interference. c) route of flight;
The need for the provision of air traffic services shall be d) level(s) of flight for the entire route or part thereof and changes of
determined by consideration of the following: levels if required;
a) the types of air traffic involved; e) any necessary instructions or information on other matters such as
b) the density of air traffic; approach or departure manoeuvres,
c) the meteorological conditions; communications and the time of expiry of the clearance.
d) such other factors as may be relevant.