Probability:
Number of times event occurs
1. Simple Events:
Example 2: Relative Frequency
Important Definitions:
A coin is tossed 20 times.
- Outcome: An outcome is a possible result of an
Heads appears 12 times.
experiment. Example: When rolling a dice, getting
Relative Frequency of Heads:
a 4 is an outcome.
12/20
- Event: An event is a collection of one or more
= 0.6 Answer: Relative frequency = 0.6
outcomes. Example: Rolling an even number on a
dice. Possible outcomes: (2; 4; 6)
c. Theoretical Probability: is the probability calculated
using mathematics before conducting the experiment.
a. Probability: is the chance that an event will occur.
Example 3: Theoretical Probability
Probability is written as
A fair coin is tossed.
P(E)=Total number of possible outcomes
Possible outcomes: {Heads, Tails}
Number of favourable outcomes
P(Heads) = ½ = 0.5 Answer: The theoretical
Probability
Description probability of getting heads is 0.5.
0 Impossible
0.25 Unlikely
Activity 1 Simple Events:
PROBABILIT
0.5 Even chance Question 1 Question 2 Question 3
Y SCALE
0.75 Likely A dice is rolled. A bag contains: A coin is tossed
1 Certain 1.1 List the - 4 red balls, 3 30 times and
Example 1: Probability Scale possible blue balls, 5 lands on heads
outcomes. green balls 2.1 18 times.
A bag contains 5 red balls and 5 blue balls. 1.2 What is the How many balls are 3.1 Calculate the
What is the probability of choosing a red ball? probability of there altogether? relative frequency
P(red) = 5/10 rolling a 5? 2.2 Calculate the of heads.
1.3 What is the probability of 3.2 Calculate the
P(red) = 0.5 Answer: There is an even chance of selecting a blue
probability of relative frequency
selecting a red ball. ball.
rolling an even 2.3 Calculate the
of tails.
number? probability of
b. Relative Frequency: is the probability calculated
selecting a green
from actual experimental results. ball.
Formula:
Relative Frequency=Total number of trials
Probability: b. Two-Way Tables
A two-way table is used to organise data
1. Compound Events: involves two or more events
according to two categories.
happening together. Examples: Tossing a coin and
rolling a dice | Selecting two cards from a pack Socc Netb Tot
er all al
a. Tree Diagrams: shows all possible outcomes of
compound events. Boy
18 7 25
Example 1: A coin is tossed and then a dice is s
rolled. Girl
Coin outcomes: Head, Tail 12 13 25
s
Dice outcomes: 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6.
Head Tail Tot
30 20 50
al
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 Total
5 6outcomes: 12
H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 Questions
Question: What is the probability of getting H4? 1. How many learners are there altogether?
Answer: 50
Answer: P(H4)= 1/12
2. What is the probability of selecting a girl?
Activity 2: Tree Diagrams P(Girl) = 25/50 = 0.5
A learner chooses:
3. What is the probability of selecting a
learner who plays soccer? P(Soccer) = 30/50
One drink (Tea or Coffee) = 0.6
One snack (Cake or Muffin)
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Activity 3: Two-Way Tables
QUESTIONS:
Draw a tree List all possible How many What is the M. GE Tot 1. How many learners were surveyed?
diagram outcomes. possible probability of Lit O al 2. Calculate the probability of selecting
showing all outcomes are choosing Tea a boy.
Boy
possible there? and Cake? 16 9 25
s 3. Calculate the probability of selecting
outcomes. a girl.
Girl 14 11 25
4. Calculate the probability of selecting
a learner who prefers Geography.
5. Calculate the probability of selecting
M. GE Tot
Lit O al
s
Tota
30 20 50
l